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Five kinds of Mongolia medicines, Eridun-Urile, Deduhonghuaqiweiwan, Tonglage-5, Uzhumu-7 and Geiwang-9 are digested with HNO3-HClO4 system by high pressure system-sealed Microwave Digestion. The 17 inorganic elements content of magnesium, aluminum, calcium, chromium, manganese, ferrum, cobalt, nickel, copper, zincum, arsenic, selenium, strontium, molybdenum, silver, cadmium, plumbum in the solution are determined by ICP-AES. The results are proved to be reliable by adding standard recovery experiment. The recovery is 97.48%-103.01% for Mg, 102.71%-105.60% for Al, 102.00%-105.53% for Ca, 98.78%-100.34% for Cr, 101.93%-104.65% for Mn, 100.34%-104.51% for Fe, 103.13%-105.46% for Co, 100.07%-103.22% for Ni, 97.25%-99.06% for Cu, 98.57%-100.10% for Zn, 102.35%-105.37% for As, 100.24%-104.59% for Se, 99.19%-102.70% for Sr, 103.35%-105.78% for Mo, 99.65%-101.32% for Ag, 102.73%-105.32% for Cd, and 104.76%-106.35% for Pb by this method. The relative standard deviation is less than 3.3% for all the elements. And the method has high accuracy and good precision The determination results indicate that the content of element in Five Kinds of Mongolia Medicines is 0-15 microg x g(-1) for Cd, Ag, As, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu; 15-100 microg x g(-1) for Mo, Se, Zn, Cr; 100-3 000 microg x g(-1) for Mn, Sr, Fe, Mg, Al; 3 000-8 000 microg x g(-1) for Ca. Among of the five kinds of mongolia medicines, the content of elements has great differences. The order is Ca > Mg > Al > Fe > Mn > Sr > Se > Zn > Mo > Cu > Pb > As >Cr > Ni > Co > Cd > Ag for Eridun-Urile; Ca > Al > Fe > Mg > Mn > Sr > Se > Mo > Zn > Ni > Cr > Cu > Pb > As > Co > Cd > Ag for Deduhonghuaqiweiwan; Ca > Fe > Mg > Al > Mn > Sr > Se > Zn > Mo > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > As > Co > Cd > Ag for Tonglage-5, Ca > Al > Mg > Fe > Sr > Mn > Se > Zn > Co > Mo > Cr > Cu > Pb > As > Ag > Ni > Cd for Uzhumu-7 and Mg > Ca > Al > Fe > Se > Mn > Zn > Sr > Mo > Cu > Cr > Pb >As > Ag > Co = Cd = Ni for Geiwang-9. The content of common elements Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu are higher. These results provide theoretical basis for developing quality control, improving the potency of Mongolia medicines and developing new Mongolia medicines.
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PMID:[Determination of inorganic elements in five kinds of Mongolia medicines by high pressure sealed microwave digestion-ICP-AES]. 1884 80

Manganese-containing nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs) with controllable morphologies were synthesized using reverse-phase microemulsion techniques at room temperature and a surfactant-assisted procedure at 120 degrees C with microwave heating. The nanoparticles were characterized using a variety of methods including SEM, TEM, TGA, PXRD, and ICP-MS. Although the nanoparticles gave a modest longitudinal relaxivity (r1) on a per Mn basis, they provided an efficient vehicle for the delivery of large doses of Mn2+ ions which exhibited very high in vitro and in vivo r1 values and afforded excellent MR contrast enhancement. The particle surface was also modified with a silica shell to allow covalent attachment of a cyclic RGD peptide and an organic fluorophore. The cell-targeting molecules on the Mn NMOFs enhanced their delivery to cancer cells to allow for target-specific MR imaging in vitro. The MR contrast enhancement was also demonstrated in vivo using a mouse model. Such core-shell hybrid nanostructures provide an ideal platform for targeted delivery of other imaging and therapeutic agents to diseased tissues.
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PMID:Manganese-based nanoscale metal-organic frameworks for magnetic resonance imaging. 1884 56

Spark ablation-inductively coupled plasma (SA-ICP) spectrometry is applied to the measurement of hafnium-zirconium ratios in zircons and to the determination of cerium, cobalt, iron, lead, nickel and phosphorus in ferromanganese nodules. Six operating parameters used for the high-voltage spark and argon-ICP combination are established by sequential simplex optimization of both signal-to-background ratio and signal-to-noise ratio. The time-dependences of the atomic emission signals of analytes and matrix elements ablated from a finely pulverized sample embedded in a pressed disk of copper demonstrate selective sampling by the spark. Concentration ratios of hafnium to zirconium in zircons are measured with a precision of 4% (relative standard deviation, RSD). For ferromanganese nodules, spectral measurements based on intensity ratios of analyte line to the Mn(II) 257.610 nm line provide precisions of analysis in the range from 7 to 14% RSD. The accuracy of analysis depends on use of standard additions of the reference material USGS Nod P-1, and an independent measurement of the Mn concentration.
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PMID:Spark ablation-inductively coupled plasma spectrometry for analysis of geologic materials. 1896 4

The conditional metal availability and the kinetic stability of humic substance-metal species in humic-rich waters (e.g. bog water) was characterized by means of EDTA exchange. For this purpose a combined procedure consisting of time-controlled ligand exchange by EDTA, species differentiation by a fast single-stage tangential-flow ultrafiltration (TF-UF) technique (cut-off 1 kDa) and sensitive atomic spectrometry methods (e.g. AAS, ICP-OES, TXRF) was developed. The kinetics and the yield of the EDTA exchange served as operational parameters for assessing the kinetic stability and EDTA availability of HS-metal species, respectively. Considerable fractions of natural HS-metal species studied were shown to be EDTA-inert (e.g. 31% of the total Fe, 44% of the total Al) even after long reaction times (48 h), in contrast to artificial ones formed in solutions of isolated HS. Moreover, the conditional thermodynamic stability of HS-metal complexes formed by successive loading of an aquatic reference HS (HO14) with a number of heavy metal ions (e.g. Cr(III), Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Zn(II)) was also evaluated discriminating the free metal concentrations by means of TF-UF. In addition, from the loading isotherms obtained conditional complexation capacities could be derived for the studied HS exhibiting the order Fe(III)>>Cu(II)>Cr(III)>Co(II)>Mn(II).
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PMID:Investigations on the conditional kinetic and thermodynamic stability of aquatic humic substance-metal complexes by means of EDTA exchange, ultrafiltration and atomic spectrometry. 1896 4

The exploitation of the Ni(III)/Ni(II) transition as a means of quantifying the concentration of nickel within industrial samples was assessed. The methodology relies upon the reagentless electrodeposition of Ni onto a glassy carbon electrode and the subsequent oxidative conversion of the metallic layer to Ni(III). The analytical signal is derived from a cathodic stripping protocol in which the reduction of the Ni(III) layer to Ni(II) is monitored through the use of square wave voltammetry. The procedure was refined through the introduction of an ultrasonic source which served to both enhance the deposition of nickel and to remove the nickel hydroxide layer that results from the measurement process. A well-defined stripping peak was observed at +0.7 V (vs. Agmid R:AgCl) with the response found to be linear over the range 50 nM to 1 muM (based on a 30 s deposition time). Other metal ions such as Cu(II), Mn(II), Cr(III), Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Fe(III) and Co(II) did not interfere with the response when present in hundred fold excess. The viability of the technique was evaluated through the determination of nickel within a commercial copper nickel alloy and validated through an independent comparison with a standard ICP-AES protocol.
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PMID:Cathodic stripping voltammetry of nickel: sonoelectrochemical exploitation of the Ni(III)/Ni(II) couple. 1896 10

The concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc were determined by ICP-AES in muscles and livers of eight fish species sampled from the Aegean and Mediterranean seas of Turkey. Iron showed the highest levels, followed by Zinc in examined tissues of all fish species. Metal concentrations in edible parts of fish species were 0.03-0.37 mg kg(-1) for cadmium, 0.02-0.42 mg kg(-1) for cobalt, 0.15-1.78 mg kg(-1) for chromium, 0.17-1.11 mg kg(-1) for copper, 11.0-33.4 mg kg(-1) for iron, 0.02-0.89 mg kg(-1) for manganese, 0.22-4.03 mg kg(-1) for nickel, 0.22-0.64 mg kg(-1) for lead, and 2.88-10.9 mg kg(-1) for zinc, respectively. All metal concentrations in livers were higher than those in muscles. In some stations, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, and lead concentrations in both muscles and livers of the examined species were higher than permissible safety levels for human uses.
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PMID:Metal concentrations in eight fish species from Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. 1906 6

A method has been developed for the determination of cobalt, copper and manganese in green coffee using direct solid sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-ET AAS). The motivation for the study was that only a few elements might be suitable to determine the origin of green coffee so that the multi-element techniques usually applied for this purpose might not be necessary. The three elements have been chosen as test elements as they were found to be significant in previous investigations. A number of botanical certified reference materials (CRM) and pre-analyzed samples of green coffee have been used for method validation, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) after microwave-assisted acid digestion of the samples as reference method. Calibration against aqueous standards could be used for the determination of Mn and Co by SS-ET AAS, but calibration against solid CRM was necessary for the determination of Cu. No significant difference was found between the results obtained with the proposed method and certified or independently determined values. The limits of detection for Mn, Cu and Co were 0.012, 0.006 and 0.004mugg(-1) using SS-ET AAS and 0.015, 0.13 and 0.10mugg(-1) using ICP OES. Seven samples of Brazilian green coffee have been analyzed, and there was no significant difference between the values obtained with SS-ET AAS and ICP OES for Mn and Cu. ICP OES could not be used as a reference method for Co, as essentially all values were below the limit of quantification of this technique.
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PMID:Method development for the determination of manganese, cobalt and copper in green coffee comparing direct solid sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. 1907 13

We have developed a novel microwave-assisted extraction method for determining the arsenic (As) speciation in soils that is based on extraction with phosphate solutions, including orthophosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate, and ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate. The highest extracting efficiency was obtained with 1 M ortho-phosphoric acid solution as the extractant, and this efficiency is associated with the pH of the extractant. Total As content and As species in the soil extracts were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) alone and by the combined ion chromatography (IC) with ICP-MS, respectively. The proposed extraction procedure was applied to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference material (SRM) 2711 (Montana soil) as well as to environmental soil samples collected from the agricultural lands of Bangladesh. As(V) was detected in all the soil samples, and As(III) was detected in nine soils of the 20. These results of extractable As testing indicate that the extraction of As species mainly depends on the composition of the soils. The As speciation results also indicate that As adsorption is highly dependent on the iron, aluminum, and manganese concentrations in the soil. The stability of As species in the extracts was also studied.
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PMID:Extraction of arsenic species in soils using microwave-assisted extraction detected by ion chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 1908 62

Surface water and shallow groundwater within the flow of an electroplating factory was analyzed in order to study the resulting impact. The analysis method of ICP-AES was used to analyze content of zinc, manganese, chromium, copper and nickel in surface water and groundwater samples. The results indicate acidic pollutants of zinc, manganese, chromium, copper and nickel were discharged from the factory with concentrations of 1.34, 3.77, 28.1, 6.40 and 9.37 mg x L(-1), respectively; and pH was 2.32. They all exceeded permissible levels according to Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard except zinc. Factory discharge is responsible for the longitudinal distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the stream water downstream from the factory. Heavy metals variations in the well water do not suggest they were affected by heavy metals in the stream, indicating that the migration rates of heavy metals in soils were relatively low. Risk assessment shows surface water quality significantly deteriorated. Nickel and manganese in the stream water exceeded the standard levels seriously, and chromium and copper in some samples were also above Grade III standard levels according to Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water. Moreover, all studied heavy metals in 14 groundwater samples measured within drinking water standard, except manganese in 4 groundwater samples, which were Grade IV according to Quality Standard for Ground water.
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PMID:[Heavy metals distribution characteristics and risk assessment of water below an electroplating factory]. 1914 63

The aetiology of haemic neoplasia (HN) is unknown, so far but many causative factors are suggested such as viral, pollution and genetics. The aim of this study was to determine if, under chronic exposure, two major pesticides (chlorothalonil and mancozeb) which are used in potato production could induce HN in soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria). Short-term experiments with acute exposure were also performed. Clams were collected from an epizootic site (North River, PEI) and from a site free of the disease (Magdalen Islands, Quebec). The tetraploid level of haemocytes was assessed by flow cytometry for each clam to determine the HN status. The bioaccumulation of pesticides in tissues was quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for chlorothalonil while mancozeb and manganese were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP/MS). Long term exposure to fungicide Bravo 500((R)) did not induce high tetraploid levels on negative calm from North River and the analysis of the digestive gland and the mantle did not reveal any detectable level of chlorothalonil. In the Manzate 200 DF((R)), some clams revealed high level of tetraploid cells but no difference were observed between the treatments and the control. The analysis of the digestive gland and the mantle for manganese did not highlight any significant difference in tissue concentration (p=0.05). For the acute exposure, chlorothalonil analysis showed that the active ingredient is distributed between four chlorinated compounds: 99.5% for chlorothalonil isomers, 0.4% for pentachlorothalonil and 0.1% for trichlorothalonil isomers. For a 72 h experiment, the accumulation was within 4h; the higher tissue concentration of chlorothalonil was 59.2 microg g(-1) in the mantle after 48 h, following by a decrease to an undetectable level at the end. For the manganese, the accumulation was detected after 4h; the higher tissue concentration was 48.8 microg g(-1) in the mantle after 24h and, over the following 48 h, the accumulation decreased until the end of the trial. Based on the data, the accumulation of these fungicides seems to be transitory. Chlorothalonil and mancozeb are both oxidative-stress promoters and could have induced cell dysfunction while in the tissue. Study on the effect of these fungicides on the p53 protein system is an example of strategy that would provide information on cellular events promoting neoplasia.
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PMID:Potential link between exposure to fungicides chlorothalonil and mancozeb and haemic neoplasia development in the soft-shell clam Mya arenaria: a laboratory experiment. 1915 63


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