Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 10,007 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among other elements (manganese, molybdenum, cadmium, mercury, lead, nickel), the levels of selenium in healthy human sera (n = 56) and plasma (n = 15) were measured by ICP spectrometry. It was ascertained by the multielement analysis that of 40 nineteen year-old males (from 28 different villages in one county 15 showed lower than detectable levels of selenium in their sera (n = 25) and plasma (n = 15) samples. For this reason, the selenium contents of the sera of 31 blood donors were determined by the ICP spectrometry, with hybrid generation. By this same technique the selenium in sera of 16 men aged between 24-60 years (mean = 43.3 years) was measured as 24.06 micrograms/l (13-42 micrograms/l), while in 15 women between the ages of 19-64 years (mean 39.3 years) it amounted to 20.86 micrograms/l (11-31 micrograms/l). In 28 cases from 40 samples (25 sera and 15 plasma) the concentration of molybdenum was smaller than the detectable limit (less than 0.0011 mg/l). Firstly, these results prove that amongst healthy individuals, in Hungary, molybdenum and selenium deficiency states exist. The authors conclude that there is a relationship between these deficiency states, as risk factors, and the frequently occurring diseases (malignant tumours, cardiovascular diseases, etc.) in Hungary.
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PMID:[Trace element deficiency in healthy subjects based on multi-element analysis of serum and plasma]. 200 26

Elemental analysis of plaque-like black deposits noted on the surface of teeth in zinc-deficient rats at necropsy was performed. Rats deficient in zinc show signs of abnormality in iron metabolism and increase or accumulation of iron in plasma and tissues. This study was designed, therefore, to examine the plasma and salivary levels of iron and other elements and to determine the distribution of mineral elements in the dental substances of zinc-deficient rats by contact microradiography, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray fluorescent element mapping spectrometry (XEMS) on ground sections of teeth. Rat tooth specimens were analyzed also for zinc, iron, copper and manganese using colorimetry and Inductively Coupled Plasma, ICP. EPMA and XEMS analyses revealed the presence of iron on the enamel surface of maxillary molars teeth of zinc-deficient rats. However, no such deposition was seen on those of controls. The zinc-deficient rats showed higher iron concentration in mixed saliva and in plasma, compared with the controls. Thus, the sign of abnormality in iron metabolism noted in the oral cavity of zinc-deficient rats was investigated by EPMA and XEMS analyses, with discussion on the origin of supradental iron deposits.
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PMID:Studies on the distribution of mineral elements in the tooth of zinc-deficient rats. 213 64

This preliminary report examines the possible disturbances in mineral and trace element metabolism in idiopathic ischaemic necrosis of the femoral head. Bony specimens from 45 femoral heads removed from patients with this condition were compared with 62 osteoarthritic and 10 normal femoral heads. Blood analysis was also carried out in the first two groups of patients, who were having joint replacement operations. The normal specimens were obtained at postmortem. Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Copper, Manganese and Zinc were analysed in blood and bone by atom absorption spectrophotometry, and Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel and Lead by ICP emission spectroscopy. In ischaemic necrosis Magnesium and Copper are especially decreased, but the toxic trace elements Cadmium, Nickel, Lead and Chromium are found in a significantly higher concentration in the femoral head. It is submitted that these findings indicate the need for further investigation.
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PMID:Investigation of ischaemic necrosis of the femoral head with trace elements. 322 Jun 25

A manganese-dependent 3,4-dihydroxyphenylactate 2,3-dioxygenase from Arthrobacter globiformis strain CM-2 (MndD) cloned in Escherichia coli has been purified to homogeneity. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis indicates an alpha 4 homotetrameric holoenzyme structure (4 x 38,861 Da). Steady-state kinetic analysis of MndD with a variety of substrates and inhibitors yields very similar relative rates to the known Fe(II)- and Mn(II)-dependent 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenases from Pseudomonas ovalis and Bacillus brevis, respectively. Yet, unlike the Fe(II)-dependent enzyme, MndD retains almost all activity in the presence of H2O2 and CN- and is inactivated by Fe(II). ICP emission analysis confirms the presence of 3.0 +/- 0.2 g-atoms Mn (and only 0.7 +/- 0.2 g-atoms Fe) per tetrameric holoenzyme molecule. Comparison of MndD samples with varying metal content, including an apo and partial-apo enzyme preparation, shows a strong positive correlation between specific activity and Mn content. EPR spectra of MndD as isolated exhibit a nearly isotropic g = 2.0 signal having 6-fold hyperfine splitting (A = 95 G) typical of octahedrally coordinated Mn(II) in a protein. Quantitation of the EPR spin yields 3.4 +/- 0.3 g-atoms of Mn(II) per holoenzyme. When exposed anaerobically to its natural substrate, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate (3,4-DHPA), the EPR spectrum undergoes a dramatic change characterized by the attenuation of the g = 2 signal and the appearance of new signals at g = 1.2, 2.9, 4.3, and 16. The g = 4.3 signal displays 6-fold hyperfine splitting (A = 95 G) that unambiguously assigns it to the Mn(II) center. The appearance of these new signals indicates a large increase in zero-field splitting suggestive of a change in ligand coordination to the Mn(II) center. Similarly perturbed signals are seen in the EPR spectra of MndD complexed with the comparably active substrate analog, D,L-3,4-dihydroxymandelate, or the tight-binding inhibitor, p-nitrocatechol, but not in the complexes with weaker binding substrates and inhibitors. The fact that only strong-binding substrates and inhibitors significantly perturb the Mn(II) EPR signal strongly suggests that the substrate coordinates to the Mn(II) center in the catalytic pathway.
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PMID:Manganese(II)-dependent extradiol-cleaving catechol dioxygenase from Arthrobacter globiformis CM-2. 855 70

The binding to human serum proteins of MnDPDP (manganese(II) dipyridoxyl diphosphate), the active component of the magnetic resonance imaging contrast medium mangafodipir trisodium injection (Teslascan) was studied in ultrafiltration experiments. Sera from three males and three females were incubated with 86 microM [14C]MnDPDP for 60 min at room temperature (20-23 degrees C), followed by centrifugation through filters with a cut-off of 30 kDa. Analysis of the filtrates and the initial incubation mixtures for manganese, by ICP-AES, and for DPDP and its dephosphorylated metabolites DPMP (dipyridoxyl monophosphate) and PLED (dipyridoxyl ethylenediamine diacetate) by liquid scintillation counting, showed a clear difference in protein binding of manganese and the ligands under these conditions. Only 2.2 +/- 1.8% (mean +/- S.E.; n = 6) of DPDP, DPMP and PLED were bound to protein, whereas 26.9 +/- 2.9% (mean +/- S.E.; n = 6) of manganese was bound to protein. No binding of DPDP, DPMP or PLED to blood cells was observed when whole blood, containing either heparin or EDTA as anticoagulant, was spiked with [14C]MnDPDP and the cell-free fraction and the lysed cell fraction analysed by liquid scintillation counting. The extent of protein binding of manganese corresponded well with results from an in vitro metabolism study, in which MnDPDP was added to heparinized human whole blood, showing that approximately 25% of DPDP, DPMP or PLED were not bound to manganese. The in vitro metabolism study revealed that transmetallation with zinc was nearly complete within 1 min, and that dephosphorylation is a sequential process going from DPDP to the monophosphate DPMP, and then to the fully dephosphorylated compound PLED.
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PMID:Mangafodipir trisodium injection, a new contrast medium for magnetic resonance imaging: in vitro metabolism and protein binding studies of the active component MnDPDP in human blood. 916 Feb 65

This study was performed to determine whether trace elements in the brain are linked to its aging, using the senescence-accelerated mouse prone10 (SAMP10) established as a murine model of aging with brain atrophy and defect in learning and memory. First, concentrations of trace elements (zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and rubidium) were determined by ICP-MS in 8 regions of the brain in male SAMP10 and in SAMR1 (control) which undergo ordinary aging, at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Second, the release of glutamic acid and other amino acids related to neurotransmission was determined by microdialysis and HPLC-ECD in the hippocampus of SAM aged 5 and 12 months. Decreases in zinc, manganese and rubidium concentrations and an increase in the copper concentration with aging were observed in the brains of control mice. These results were similar to previous reports of the brain in human and rat, and indicated that these trace elements may be closely related to the aging process in the brain. SAMP10 had low levels of zinc and manganese in most brain regions in old age, and a high level of molybdenum in the brain with increasing age as compared to the control. A low level of copper was observed in the cerebral cortex of the brain in SAMP10 from young age. The release of glutamic acid and glycine from the hippocampus of SAMP10 significantly increased as compared to that of control mice at the age of 12 months. These results showed that abnormal metabolisms of the trace elements and neurotransmitter are in the brain of SAMP10, and indicated that these changes may cause the senescence acceleration of SAMP10.
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PMID:[Studies on changes in trace elements of the brain related to aging]. 961 11

The alloys used in orthodontics are subject in the moist environment of the oral cavity to various corrosion processes. If the products of the corrosion are introduced into a biological system they may cause changes. In the present investigation the corrosion rate of 23 different orthodontic wires (preformed arch wires and straight wires) made from 5 different alloys were examined in a nutrient medium by ICP-AES analysis, and the influence of the corrosion products on the cytotoxicity of a fibroblast culture was investigated using Mosmann's MTT test. The nickel-titanium wires Nitinol, Sentalloy and Original Chinese Wire and the beta-titanium alloy TMA had no effect on the rate of cell proliferation. Nor did stainless steel wires inhibit growth significantly, with the exception of Australian Wire and Wildcat Wire. The manganese-steel alloys Noninium h and Mezanium caused significant reductions in growth rate, which were attributed to the manganese ions released by the corrosion. The most severe growth inhibition was caused by the Co-Cr-Ni alloy Elgiloy, and this reaction is independent of the 4 levels of resilience. The degree of growth inhibition depended upon the concentration of corrosive cobalt and nickel ions in the eluate. In spite of the differences observed, all the orthodontic wires examined are graded under ISO-standard 10993-5 as "non-cytotoxic". The degree of toxicity was found to be determined essentially by the corrosion rate of the alloy and the cytotoxic characteristics of the resulting trace elements.
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PMID:In vitro investigation into the biological assessment of orthodontic wires. 980 Apr 40

Trace metal pollutants in the surface water of the Houston Ship Channel were determined using inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). Metal concentrations varied according to sampling sites. Barium, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, silver, beryllium, antimony, lead, and mercury concentrations were relatively similar throughout the channel averaging 83.25, 0.55, 6. 31, 6.66, 0.02, 0.017, 3.61, 0.68, and 0.055 microg/L, respectively. Titanium, manganese, copper, zinc, nickel, and selenium concentrations were found to be higher at stations closer to the Galveston Bay (as the water is turning from relatively fresh water to sea water) with concentration ranges of 102.5-351.7, 0.3-25, 0. 3-25, 30-280, 16-77, 6.2-26.5, and 0.0-6.2 microg/L, respectively. Aluminum was found to be much higher at the Buffalo Bayou station (341 microg/L) followed by the San Jacinto station (104 microg/L) with an average of 42 microg/L in the other two stations. Vanadium was found to be unusually high at the Washburn Tunnel station (116 microg/L) and at much lower concentrations in the other three stations, averaging 6.5 microg/L. Iron was also higher at the Buffalo Bayou station (143 microg/L) but was absent at the Lynchburg Ferries station. Arsenic was not found at the Lynchburg and San Jacinto stations. However, arsenic had similar concentrations of 1. 983 and 1.835 microg/L at Buffalo Bayou and Washburn Tunnel, respectively. Cadmium was higher at the Lynchburg Ferries station (3. 3 microg/L) and ranged from 0.3 to 0.96 microg/L in the other locations. Thallium was not found in any of the stations.
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PMID:Analysis of metal pollutants in the Houston Ship Channel by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry. 1049 97

Succimer is considered to be a safe and effective treatment for lead (Pb) poisoning, since it reduces body Pb levels without an apparent diuresis of other essential elements. However, while existing clinical data indicate that succimer does not significantly increase the excretion of non-target elements, those studies have also reported a wide range of outcomes. Therefore, we investigated whether succimer treatment measurably increased the urinary excretion of essential elements in a primate model of childhood Pb exposure. Infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were exposed to Pb from birth through one year of age, and presented blood Pb levels of approximately 40-50 microg/dL at the start of treatment. Subsequently, they were treated with succimer (30 mg/kg/day x 5 days followed by 20 mg/kg/day x 14 days, n = 15) or vehicle (n = 14) for 19 days. Complete urine samples were collected over the first 5 days of treatment, and were analyzed for levels of calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), using trace metal-clean techniques and magnetic sector-ICP-MS. Succimer treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced blood Pb levels when compared to the vehicle group over the treatment period, and concomitantly produced a significant >4-fold increase in urinary Pb excretion. Succimer treatment also significantly (p < 0.05, multivariate ANOVA) increased the urinary excretion of essential elements, but only when the cumulative total excretion over treatment days 1-5 for all elements were considered. None of these relative increases reached statistical significance for any particular element x day, although increases in Zn (day 3) excretion were only marginally non-significant (0.1 > p > 0.05). Multivariate analyses of a subset of elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) similarly indicated no significant effect of succimer treatment overall, although the urinary excretion of Mn was significantly increased on day 3 of treatment. Collectively, these data indicate that succimer does contribute to an increase in the urinary excretion of essential elements, although not significantly for any single element considered here. This may be important in Pb-exposed children, who can possess reduced trace element reserves due to nutritional deficiencies.
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PMID:Succimer and the urinary excretion of essential elements in a primate model of childhood lead exposure. 1077 30

The first part of comparison study was based on the properties of different sorbents. These included different forms of manganese oxides, and specific organic ion-exchangers: HYPHAN and POLYORGS. In order to provide reproducible samples with moderate presence of possible interferences, spiked tap water was used for this first set of experiments. Results indicate that the sorption of Th, U, Pu and Am varies for different forms of manganese oxides. These variations are attributed to different physico-chemical properties of the oxides. HYPHAN was limited in its sorption to Th and U. The manganese oxide dissolved rapidly and the radiochemical separation procedure was quick and simple using extraction chromatography techniques. The radionuclides in the water samples were determined by ICP-MS and/or alpha spectrometry.
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PMID:Pre-concentration of actinoids from waters: a comparison of various sorbents 1087 74


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