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Query: UMLS:C0268318 (ICP)
 10,007 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a relatively new technique for trace element analysis. The basic operating principles of ICP-MS are described and our experience with this technique in a clinical setting is discussed for the analysis of serum, whole blood, and urine. Advantages to ICP-MS include the favorable detection limits (0.01 to 0.1 micrograms/L for many elements), simple specimen preparation, high throughput (about 40 specimens per hour), and the ability to measure more than one element simultaneously. A major disadvantage is the high capital cost of the instrumentation. Heavier elements, such as lead, are well-suited for ICP-MS analysis, whereas lighter elements are prone to more interferences. Lighter elements which are not amenable to assay by ICP-MS include chromium and iron. The ability to measure isotopes is a major advantage for mass spectrometry methods and has the potential to expand the usefulness of trace element analysis.
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PMID:Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for trace element analysis in the clinical laboratory. 760 9

A gut model has been used to examine the speciation of three dietary available elements, Cu, Zn and Fe and their complexation with fibre and multivitamins. The analytical system consisted of an FI-ICP-MS interface for the determination of soluble and insoluble elemental distributions in samples. Solubility of elements was found to increase in the gut whereas in the intestinal tract they were seen to decrease. Experimental details are given for both the gut model and the speciation methodology used. The presence of fibre in the model had the greatest influence on elemental solubility in the intestinal tract whilst multivitamins have a less pronounced effect. The reduction in solubility of elements was most notable for zinc whilst the effect on iron and copper was notably less.
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PMID:Use of a model gut system to study the effects of dietary fibre and multivitamins on the speciation of copper, zinc and iron. 767 48

A novel bromoperoxidase was purified to homogeneity from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida IF-3 strain, which produces the antibiotic pyrrolnitrin. The enzyme had a molecular mass of 68,000 and was composed of two identical subunits (33,000). It was specific for I- and Br- and inactive toward Cl- and F- in the monochlorodimedone assay system. The optimum pH of the enzyme was around 4.2 and it rapidly lost its activity below 3.5, but it was stable over of range pH of 4 to 11. The purified enzyme was activated several fold by incubation with only cobalt ions, and did not contain an organic prosthetic group such as heme, flavin and cobalamin. Analyses of prosthetic metal compounds in the enzyme using plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) combined with mass-spectroscopy (MS) and trace metal determination by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-spectrometry, revealed that the enzyme contained 0.35 +/- 0.1 mol of cobalt ions, 1.0 +/- 0.2 mol of nickel ions, 0.8 +/- 0.2 mol of zinc ions and 2.0 +/- 0.2 mol of ferric iron per mol of enzyme, assuming the molecular weight of 68,000. There was no trace of vanadium in the enzyme, unlike in some nonheme haloperoxidases. Thus the bromoperoxidase of P. putida is a novel nonheme metal-containing bromoperoxidase.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of a novel metal-containing nonheme bromoperoxidase from Pseudomonas putida. 807 54

Copper (Cu) accumulating in the liver of LEC (Long-Evans with a cinnamon-like coat color) rats due to a hereditary metabolic disorder is assumed to cause acute hepatitis with severe jaundice or chronic hepatitis leading to cancer. Changes in concentrations and distributions of Cu, zinc and iron in the liver of LEC rats were determined to find the relationship between the chemical forms and the toxicity. Female rats after delivery were used because of high susceptibility to acute hepatitis. They were divided into four stages according to the development of jaundice. Cu concentrations in the whole liver and the supernatant decreased with development of jaundice. Distribution profiles of Cu, zinc, iron and sulfur on a gel filtration column by HPLC-ICP showed that Cu in the liver supernatant was mostly bound to metallothionein (MT) before jaundice (stage 1), high molecular weight proteins and MT at the beginning of jaundice (stages 2 and 3), and then mostly to MT at severe jaundice (stage 4) though the concentration of Cu at this stage was decreased to about 50% of stage 1. The results suggest that Cu accumulating as MT in the liver is liberated drastically after exceeding the capacity of MT synthesis, and the liberated Cu causes acute hepatitis.
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PMID:Changes in hepatic copper distribution leading to hepatitis in LEC rats. 830 89

Copper (Cu) accumulating bound to metallothionein (MT) in the liver of LEC (Long-Evans with cinnamon-like coat color) rats due to a hereditary metabolic disorder is assumed to lead to acute hepatitis with severe jaundice. The metal was shown to be present in the liver in a form not bound to MT at the beginning of hepatitis after first delivery and lactation. Following this change in the distribution of Cu from MT-bound to non-MT bound form in the liver, changes in the concentrations and distributions of Cu, zinc (Zn) and iron in the plasma and kidneys of LEC rats were also observed. Cu plasma distribution on a gel filtration column by HPLC-ICP revealed that the holo-form of ceruloplasmin (Cp) was present before hepatitis and increased with its development, indicating the availability of Cu for Cp by hepatitis. Cu-binding proteins migrating at the same retention times as those of hepatic Cu-MT and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected in plasma during hepatitis. Albumin was largely present in the form of nonmercaptoalbumin, reflecting that the bloodstream was under oxidative stress. A sudden increase in the concentration of Cu in the kidneys occurred with hepatitis, and the metal came to be distributed more to high molecular weight proteins with its development.
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PMID:Changes in copper distribution in the plasma and kidneys of LEC rats following acute hepatitis. 830 90

Some ambiguity is still involved in the interpretation of the growth mechanism of monodispersed hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) particles in dilute FeCl3 solutions. Namely, there are two entirely different proposals on this issue, viz. aggregation of preformed primary particles of alpha-Fe2O3 itself and reprecipitation of the ionic species through dissolution of the preformed beta-FeOOH particles. In order to resolve this problem, the formation process was followed in detail through TEM, Electron Diffraction, XRD, FT-IR, and ICP spectrometry along with quantitative analyses on seed effects. As a result, it has been concluded that the nuclei of the hematite particles are initially generated with the formation of beta-FeOOH particles and that they are grown by deposition of the solute originally present in the solution phase and indirectly furnished from the beta-FeOOH by dissolution. As the concentration of the solute is lowered by the growth of the hematite particles, they continue to grow with the solute provided mainly from the beta-FeOOH in a steady-state of the dissolution of beta-FeOOH and growth of alpha-Fe2O3. The basic formation mechanism is common to the ellipsoidal particles grown in the presence of phosphate ions and spherical particles in their absence.
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PMID:Formation Mechanism of Monodispersed alpha-Fe2O3 Particles in Dilute FeCl3 Solutions 897 68

In order to make quantitative comparison between food composition table-based estimates and instrumental measures by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), total food duplicates were collected from 232 adult women in 10 study regions in 9 Prefectures in Japan. Daily dietary intake of 5 elements, sodium (Na), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe), were estimated from the weights of food items in each duplicate by use of food composition tables. Parallel to this the intakes were measured by wet-ashing of food duplicate homogenates followed by ICP-AES analysis. Because the emission intensity of K was significantly modified by Na co-present at various concentrations, K was measured after Na concentration was reduced to the value 150 mg/L by dilution. The comparison of the two sets of the results, the estimated values and the measured values, showed that the estimated values were significantly larger than the measured values in the cases of Na, K, Ca and P (the ratio of the estimated to the measured values: 118% for Na, 115% for K, 109% for Ca; and 130% for Fe), whereas the two values essentially agreed with each other in the case of P (ratio: 93%). The differences were too large for any nutritional evaluation to be made when the method of Bland and Altman is applied. The significance of the differences in relation to nutritional evaluation of element intake is discussed.
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PMID:A comparison of the food composition table-based estimates of dietary element intake with the values obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry: an experience in a Japanese population. 902 75

23 elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, S, Ti, V, Zn) were measured in lady's thistle (Silybum marianum L.) herba and fructus by ICP-AES technique after digestion in teflon vessels. This is the first report about the content of these elements in the plant originated from Hungary. This measurements is important in view of plant physiology and pharmacology. Significant amounts of aluminium and iron were measured in lady's thistle herba. In the course of tea making, the relative concentration of some elements decreases because of the poor solubility of the compounds of these elements. The low concentration of these elements in teas in favourable in pharmacological aspect. No significant differences were found in boron, calcium, potassium and magnesium concentrations of lady's thistle fructus samples of different origin.
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PMID:[Determination of 23 elements in lady's thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertner)]. 970 2

The aim of this work was twofold: to study the binding pattern of trace elements in formulas as compared with breast milk and the relationship between trace elements in breast milk and in maternal dietary intake. To investigate the binding form of trace elements in these nutritive fluids, methods for protein separation were combined with methods for trace element determination in the eluted fractions. HPLC and ICP-AES or ICP-MS were coupled on-line for the simultaneous speciation of elements of nutritional interest, viz., Ca, K, Mg, P, S, Co, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Mo, Se and Zn, and also the heavy metals Cd and Pb in both human mild whey and formulas. In order to minimize interactions between the labile metal protein complexes and the column material, size-exclusion chromatography was used for protein separation. The binding pattern of trace elements in formulas is significantly different from that in breast milk and depends on its main component (cow's milk or soy), its processing (hydrolysis) and the chemical form (inorganic) of the added compounds. For example, compared with breast-fed infants the iron supply of formula-fed infants is much higher (up to 20-fold); in addition, the binding forms of Fe are very different in the two fluids. This has to be evaluated with respect to interactions with other elements during intestinal uptake. The investigation of breast milk samples from different regions of the world showed comparable shapes for teh elution profiles and for Mo and Se a dependence on the regional maternal dietary intake. Speciation studies carried out on breast milk samples as a function of the selenium content showed significant changes in the zinc-binding pattern. In particular, citrate (as a zinc-binding component) was found to decrease with increasing dietary selenium intake of the mother.
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PMID:Speciation as an analytical aid in trace element research in infant nutrition. 970 76

The intradiol cleaving dioxygenases hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase (HQI,20) from Nocardiodes simplex 3E, chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (CIC1,20) from Rhodococcus erythropolis ICP, and their anaerobic substrate adducts (hydroxyquinol-HQ1,20 and 4-chlorocatechol-CIC1,20) have been characterized through X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In both enzymes the iron(III) is pentacoordinated and the distance distribution inside the Fe(III) first coordination shell is close to that already found in the extensively characterized protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase. The coordination number and the bond lengths are not significantly affected by the substrate binding. Therefore it is confirmed that the displacement of a protein donor upon substrate binding has to be considered a general step valid for all intradiol dioxygenases.
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PMID:XAS characterization of the active sites of novel intradiol ring-cleaving dioxygenases: hydroxyquinol and chlorocatechol dioxygenases. 973 33


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