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The suggested research deals with the separation of phytoavailable and phytotoxic aluminium species fractions in soil, sediment and water samples by five different procedures (single and sequential extractions, membrane filtration, chelating solid phase extraction and kinetic strength discrimination method). The concentrations of Al in studied samples and relevant plant materials were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES) and UV/visible (VIS) spectrophotometry. The used separation procedures can be divided into three groups. The first group is consisting of weakly efficient single extraction procedures by H(2)O, dilute acetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), salicylic acid, ammonium salicylate and 8-hydroxyquinoline, chelating solid phase extraction by resins Iontosorb Oxin and salicyl and kinetic strength discrimination method using 8-hydroxyquinoline which release from the samples only small amounts of phytoavailable and phytotoxic Al by ion-exchange or complexation processes. The more efficient extractions with KCl, NH(4)Cl, CaCl(2), BaCl(2), CuCl(2), LaCl(3), NH(4)F and (NH(4))(2)C(2)O(4) leach approximately the same amounts of phytoavailable Al as the total Al concentrations in plant material (grass Festuca rubra) growing on analysed soils and sediments. The third group of separation procedures contains the most aggressive leaching with Na(4)P(2)O(7), dilute HCl, NH(2)OH.HCl in HNO(3) and H(2)O(2)/ammonium acetate in HNO(3). These extractants release the highest amounts of Al from solid samples, approximately 2-4-fold as the total Al concentrations in relevant plant material and they are unsuitable for purpose of this study.
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PMID:Evaluation of separation and determination of phytoavailable and phytotoxic aluminium species fractions in soil, sediment and water samples by five different methods. 1769 82

In this work synthesis of Mn-nanoparticles (MnNPs) supported on the Schiff base modified nano-sized SiO2Al2O3 mixed-oxides (Si/Al) and its implementation as an adsorbent for the removal of organic pollutions such as methyl orange (MO) and salicylic acid (SA) was investigated. Si/Al were functionalized by grafting Schiff base ligand and in the next step, MnNPs were prepared over the modified nano sol-gel Si/Al. Structures and adsorption characteristics of the obtained organometallic-modified SiO2/Al2O3 mixed oxide were studied by several methods such as elemental analysis, diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). EPR data of the immobilized manganese ions resulted that the transition state of active sites in the nano-adsorbent are in the form of Mn(II) ions at the surface. The adsorption properties of heterogeneous Mn(II) ions showed that this nano-adsorbent has very good potential to remove MO and SA ions from aqueous solution. The removal efficiency of the SAPAS@MnNPs towards MO reached out to 89.3 and 29.1% and for SA approached to 54.6 and 18.9% at 150 and 500mg/dm(3) initial organic pollution concentrations, respectively. To investigate the adsorption kinetic of Mn(II) ions onto the nano-sized support, pseudo first and pseudo second order kinetics, and the Freundlich, Langmuir and Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm models have also been applied to the equilibrium adsorption data. The contact time to obtain equilibrium for maximum adsorption capacity was 45min. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature and it was well explained with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. No remarkable loss of removal capacity even after 8th times regeneration was obtained, implying that the immobilized MnNPs has high solidity through the regeneration process. Finally, the mechanism of the MO adsorption process as a model has been studied by the CV, EIS and FTIR techniques. The electrochemical results showed that the oxidation of Mn(II) was easier and took place at lower potentials in the presence of MO, where the electron density at SAPAS@MnNP is higher, consequently reduction of Mn(III) to Mn(II) is more favored. These results suggest that the surface of SAPAS@MnNP was interacted and complexed by MO therefore accelerates electron transfer rate of the reaction related to Mn(II)/Mn(III) redox couple.
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PMID:Adsorption of methyl orange and salicylic acid on a nano-transition metal composite: Kinetics, thermodynamic and electrochemical studies. 2755 20

The extensive availability of engineered nanomaterials in global markets has led to the release of substantial amounts of nanoparticles (NP) into atmosphere, water body and soil, yielding both beneficial and harmful effects in plant systems. The NP are mainly aggregated onto the surface of plant roots and leaves exposed and only slightly transported into other tissues with a low rate of internalization. This raises a question of whether plant systemic response is involved in the induction of biological effects of NP. To address this, model plant Arabidopsis thaliana were root exposed to low concentrations of Ag-NP of two particle sizes (10-nm and 60-nm), and expressions of homologous recombination (HR)-related genes and the alleviation of transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) in aerial leafy tissues were examined as genotoxic endpoints. Results showed that exposure of roots to two sizes of Ag-NP up-regulated expressions of HR genes, and reactivated TGS-silenced repetitive elements in aerial tissues. These effects were blocked by the impairment in the salicylic acid signal pathway, indicating a potential involvement of plant systemic response in the induction of Ag-NP genotoxicity. This is further supported by ICP-MS analysis, in which the Ag content in aerial tissues was not significantly changed by root exposure to 10-nm Ag-NP. Although a significant increase in the Ag content in aerial tissues was observed after root exposure to 60-nm Ag-NP, its genotoxic effects had no obvious difference from that by 10-nm Ag-NP exposure, also suggesting that the genotoxicity might be mainly induced via plant systemic response, at least in the experiments of root exposure to Ag-NP.
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PMID:A potential involvement of plant systemic response in initiating genotoxicity of Ag-nanoparticles in Arabidopsis thaliana. 3054 92