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Query: UMLS:C0268318 (ICP)
 10,007 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A simple and sensitive procedure for total mercury in whole blood and urine using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is described. Specimens are prepared by precipitation-extraction with 50% v/v hydrochloric acid containing EDTA and cysteine, centrifuged, and filtered through fritended screening column; the filtrates are directly analyzed by ICP-MS. The method is linear between 2 and 200 micrograms/L in the specimen with an absolute sensitivity of 0.2 microgram/L in the final supernatant. The assay variability at various concentrations (microgram/L) of mercury are as follows: intra-assay whole blood (n = 20)-4.6 +/- 0.6 (c.v. 12.3%), 18.3 +/- 1.1 (c.v. 6.1%), 56.4 +/- 2.8 (c.v. 5.0%); inter-assay whole blood (n = 15)-5.7 +/- 1.0 (c.v. 16.8%), 19.7 +/- 2.7 (c.v. 13.5%), and 50.1 +/- 6.9 (c.v. 13.7%); urine (n = 20)-9.3 +/- 1.2 (c.v. 12.9%), 29.6 +/- 2.2 (c.v. 7.4%). Recovery of organic and inorganic mercury from blood samples ranges from 91.6% to 110.2%. The method is suitable for analysis of total mercury, both organic and inorganic, in whole blood and urine.
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PMID:A simple ICP-MS procedure for the determination of total mercury in whole blood and urine. 140 38

A 3698 bp region of the genome of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) was sequenced and found to contain the entire glycoprotein gB gene and the C-terminal region of a gene homologous to the ICP 18.5 protein gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. The ILTV gB gene encoded a protein with an Mr of 100K possessing all the characteristics of a transmembrane glycoprotein. Alignment of the ILTV gB sequence with homologous sequences from six other herpesviruses revealed that 10 cysteine residues on the surface of the molecule were completely conserved and that the positions of several N-linked glycosylation sites were largely conserved. Evolutionary trees based on the gB amino acid sequences from a total of 13 herpesviruses were constructed and the relationships among these herpesviruses were examined.
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PMID:The nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gB gene of infectious laryngotracheitis virus: analysis and evolutionary relationship to the homologous gene from other herpesviruses. 184 76

We have looked for conserved DNA sequences between four herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein genes encoding gB, gC, gD, and gE and pseudorabies virus (PRV) DNA, HSV-1 DNA fragments representing these four glycoprotein-coding sequences were hybridized to restriction enzyme fragments of PRV DNA by the Southern blot procedure. Specific hybridization was observed only when HSV-1 gB DNA was used as probe. This region of hybridization was localized to a 5.2-kilobase (kb) region mapping at approximately 0.15 map units on the PRV genome. Northern blot (RNA blot) analysis, with a 1.2-kb probe derived from this segment, revealed a predominant hybridizing RNA species of approximately 3 kb in PRV-infected PK15 cells. DNA sequence analysis of the region corresponding to this RNA revealed a single large open reading frame with significant nucleotide homology with the gB gene of HSV-1 KOS 321. In addition, the beginning of the sequenced PRV region also contained the end of an open reading frame with amino acid homology to HSV-1 ICP 18.5, a protein that may be involved in viral glycoprotein transport. This sequence partially overlaps the PRV gB homolog coding sequence. We have shown that the PRV gene with homology to HSV-1 gB encoded the gII glycoprotein gene by expressing a 765-base-pair segment of the PRV open reading frame in Escherichia coli as a protein fused to beta-galactosidase. Antiserum, raised in rabbits, against this fusion protein immunoprecipitated a specific family of PRV glycoproteins of apparent molecular mass 110, 68, and 55 kilodaltons that have been identified as the gII family of glycoproteins. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence indicated that the PRV gII protein shares 50% amino acid homology with the aligned HSV-1 gB protein. All 10 cysteine residues located outside of the signal sequence, as well as 4 of 6 potential N-linked glycosylation sites, were conserved between the two proteins. The primary protein sequence for HSV-1 gB regions known to be involved in the rate of virus entry into the cells and cell-cell fusion, as well as regions known to be associated with monoclonal antibody resistance, were highly homologous with the PRV protein sequence. Furthermore, monospecific antibody made against PRV gII immunoprecipitated HSV-1 gB from infected cells. Taken together, these findings suggest significant conservation of structure and function between the two proteins and may indicate a common evolutionary history.
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PMID:The pseudorabies virus gII gene is closely related to the gB glycoprotein gene of herpes simplex virus. 303 63

We will report on our preliminary findings using microdialysis to monitor three patients in intensive care with either severe head injury (SHI) or severe subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) for up to 72 hours. In addition, basal levels in uninjured brain were assessed during an extra-intracranial bypass operation. Samples were collected hourly or half-hourly (flow rate 2 microliters/min, perfusion medium 0.9% saline). Parameters measured were the antioxidants ascorbic acid, uric acid, glutathione and cysteine. In 2 patients, the pH of the dialysate (pHD) was also measured on-line with a specially constructed flow-through meter, and glucose and lactate levels were assessed in the dialysate. In patient 1 (SHI), there was practically no cerebral perfusion pressure because of high ICP; cysteine and lactate levels were very high and glucose not measurable. In patient 2 (SAH) a hypoxic episode was accompanied by increased uric acid and decreased glucose. In patient 3 (SHI), the pHD reflected normalisation of blood gases after hyperventilation. Results indicate that parameters are in the range known from experimental studies, and can be correlated with clinical situations. The pHD as valuable indicator of metabolic changes is also feasible bedside.
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PMID:Neurochemical monitoring and on-line pH measurements using brain microdialysis in patients in intensive care. 797 24

A sensitive method is described for measuring cisplatin and some possible metabolites. The method combines reversed-phase ion-pairing liquid chromatography (LC) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for platinum-specific detection. Separation conditions for cisplatin hydrolysis products and the reaction products of cisplatin with methionine, cysteine, and glutathione have been investigated with sodium dodecylsulfate or heptanesulfonate as the ion-pairing agent. The detection limit for cisplatin was found to be 0.1 ng, corresponding to a concentration detection limit of 1 ng/ml when using an injection volume of 100 microliters. This study has demonstrated the usefulness of LC-ICP-MS for cisplatin metabolism studies.
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PMID:Determination of cisplatin and some possible metabolites by ion-pairing chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection. 834 Apr 66

We report the utility of native-state mass spectrometry to detect zinc ion binding to the engineered hemoglobin rHb52. Various preparations of this recombinant hemoglobin had significantly different oxygen affinities. Detailed characterization of denatured globins did not show any difference between analyzed hemoglobin molecules. However, when solutions of intact hemoglobin pseudotetramers were analyzed by native-state electrospray mass spectrometry, a significant shift in the mass spectrum was observed, indicating labile modification of hemoglobin. Using collision-induced dissociation (CID), we found a mass gain of 63 Da located on the beta-globin. EDTA treatment of modified hemoglobin prior to the infusion removed the modification and restored the predicted oxygen affinity. Ion-trap fragmentation of the +8 charged ion of modified beta-globin showed a neutral loss of 96+/-1 Da, consistent with neutral loss of zinc sulfide. These findings indicated zinc binding to the beta-globin through a cysteine residue. Involvement of Cys93 was confirmed by kinetics of cysteine residue reactivity with dithiodipyridine and peptide mapping. Presence of zinc was confirmed by ICP-MS metal analysis.
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PMID:Application of native-state electrospray mass spectrometry to identify zinc-binding sites on engineered hemoglobin. 1096 7

Cysteine peptidase inhibitor genes (ICP) of the chagasin family have been identified in protozoan (Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma brucei) and bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) pathogens. The encoded proteins have low sequence identities with each other and no significant identity with cystatins or other known cysteine peptidase inhibitors. Recombinant forms of each ICP inhibit protozoan and mammalian clan CA, family C1 cysteine peptidases but do not inhibit the clan CD cysteine peptidase caspase 3, the serine peptidase trypsin or the aspartic peptidases pepsin and thrombin. The functional homology between ICPs implies a common evolutionary origin for these bacterial and protozoal proteins.
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PMID:Functional conservation of a natural cysteine peptidase inhibitor in protozoan and bacterial pathogens. 1272 89

Nail and hair are rich in fibrous proteins, i.e., alpha-keratins that contain abundant cysteine residues (up to 22% in nail and 10-14% in hair). Although they are metabolically dead materials in the epidermis, the roots are highly influenced by the health status of the living beings and their analyses are used as a tool to monitor occupational and environmental exposure to toxic elements. The aims of the present study are to speciate arsenicals in human nail and hair and also to judge whether they should be used as a biomarker to arsenic (As) exposure and/or toxicity. All human fingernail and hair samples (n = 47) were collected from the As-affected area of West Bengal, India. Speciation of arsenicals in water extracts of fingernails and hair at 90 degrees C was carried out by HPLC-inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometer (ICP MS). Fingernails contained iAs(III) (58.6%), iAs(V) (21.5), MMA(V) (7.7), DMA(III) (9.2), and DMA(V) (3.0), and hair contained iAs(III) (60.9%), iAs(V) (33.2), MMA(V) (2.2), and DMA(V) (3.6). Fingernails contained DMA(III), but hair did not. The higher percentage of iAs(III) both in fingernails and hair than that of iAs(V) suggests more affinity of iAs(III) to keratin. Although all arsenicals in fingernails and hair correlate to As exposure positively, As speciation in fingernails seems to be more correlated with arsenism than that in hair. Exogenous contamination is a confounding factor for hair to consider it as a biomarker, whereas this is mostly absent in fingernails, which recommends it to be a better biomarker to arsenic exposure. DMA(III) content in fingernails and DMA(V) contents in both fingernails and hair could be the biomarker to As exposure.
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PMID:Speciation of arsenic in human nail and hair from arsenic-affected area by HPLC-inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometry. 1278 25

A selective and sensitive method for determination of total homocysteine (Hcy) in human serum, by gas chromatography coupled to ICP-MS(HR), has been developed. After reduction of the sample with sodium borohydride the liberated Hcy and other aminothiols, such as cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met), were converted to their N-trifluoroacetyl (TFA)- O-isopropyl derivatives and these were injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with an HP-5 capillary column. Detection was carried out by means of a double-focusing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (DF-ICP-MS) monitoring (32)S at m/Delta m (resolving power)=3000. The transfer line used to transport the analytes from the GC column to the ICP-MS had previously been developed in our laboratory. The different parameters affecting the derivatisation process were optimised, as were the instrumental operating conditions. This optimised GC-ICP-MS(HR) method was successfully applied to the determination of total homocysteine in human serum-values obtained were in agreement with data reported in the literature. Quantitative recoveries and good precision were obtained for spiked human serum, demonstrating the suitability of the method for quantitative determination of total homocysteine in serum.
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PMID:Determination of total homocysteine in human serum by capillary gas chromatography with sulfur-specific detection by double focusing ICP-MS. 1284 8

Our long-term oral administration of dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) in rats revealed that three unidentified metabolites, M-1, M-2, and M-3, were detected in urine and feces. DMAV and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) were converted to M-2 and M-3 and M-1 by Escherichia coli strain A3-6 isolated from the ceca of DMAV-administered rats, respectively. In this study, we report on the mechanism of production and the chemical properties of these unknown metabolites. To investigate the pattern of conversion of DMAV or TMAO by A3-6 in the presence of cysteine (Cys), arsenic metabolites of DMAV or TMAO in medium after incubation with A3-6 and Cys were analyzed by liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS). DMAV was reduced to dimethylarsinous acid (DMAIII) to form M-2 in the presence of Cys and A3-6, and M-2 was further converted to M-3. TMAO was rapidly converted to M-1 by A3-6. The cytotoxicity of the unidentified metabolites was investigated. M-2 was more cytotoxic than DMAV, M-1, and M-3 in V79 cells. The cytotoxicity of M-2 in HL-60 cells was decreased by the addition of superoxide dismutase, suggesting that the cytotoxicity of M-2 might be due to the production of reactive oxygen species. In addition, we examined the chemical properties of M-2 by LC-ICP-MS and LC-MS. M-2 was oxidized to DMAV by hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that M-2 may be a reduced form of DMAV. M-2 was consistent with the reactant of DMAV with metabisulfite-thiosulfate reagent but not DMAIII by analyses of LC-ICP-MS and LC-MS. The molecular weight of M-2 was 154, and M-2 was a sulfur-containing metabolite.
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PMID:Urinary sulfur-containing metabolite produced by intestinal bacteria following oral administration of dimethylarsinic acid to rats. 1297


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