Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 10,007 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two experiments were conducted to assess the feasibility of near infrared spectrophotometry (niroscopy) to monitor directly the effects of increased intracranial pressure on brain metabolism. ICP was increased in cats by subarachnoid infusion of a "mock" CSF solution. Cytochrome a,a3 redox state, oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin and cerebral blood flow were noninvasively and continuously monitored by niroscopy. The results of both experiments indicated that changes in ICP correlated with a reduction in cytochrome a,a3 redox state (p less than 0.01), a decrease in the quantity of oxyhemoglobin and cerebral flow (p less than 0.01) and an increase in deoxyhemoglobin. The study results suggest that niroscopy has the potential for providing noninvasive and continuous data for assessing brain metabolic activity. The correlations obtained with simultaneous measurements of intracranial pressure make this an attractive method for application to those at risk for increased intracranial pressure.
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PMID:A noninvasive method for monitoring the effects of increased intracranial pressure with near infrared spectrophotometry. 299 7

Intracranial pressure was increased in cats by infusing 'mock' CSF intracranially, thus decreasing cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. The cats then randomly received either 50% O2 or 50% O2-5% CO2 by inhalation. As monitored by in vivo near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), no improvement was noted after 50% O2 whereas 50% O2-5% CO2 resulted in increased perfusion, an oxidation of cytochrome a,a3, an increase in oxyhemoglobin, and reduced quantities of de-oxyhemoglobin (p less than 0.01) despite a further increase in intracranial pressure. The authors conclude that: NIR is a useful means of noninvasively and directly assessing brain metabolism and has advantages over simple ICP monitoring; and continued investigations of CO2 as a possible therapeutic modality after head injury appear warranted.
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PMID:Direct noninvasive assessment of brain metabolism during increased intracranial pressure: potential therapeutic vistas. 302 65

L-Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) independent of NAD(P) and oxygen was first obtained from the psychrotrophic bacterium Aeromonas sp. L101, originally isolated from the organs of salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). GLDH was purified by a series of chromatography steps on DEAE-Sepharose, Superdex 200pg, Q-Sepharose, CM-Sepharose, and Phenyl-Sepharose. The purified protein was determined to have a molecular mass of 110 kDa and a pI of 5.7. Maximum activity was obtained at 55 degrees C and pH 8.5. The activity of GLDH at 4 and 20 degrees C was 38 and 50%, respectively, of that at 50 degrees C. GLDH was coupled to cytochrome c and several redox dyes including 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methylsulfate (1-Methoxy PMS), 2, 6-dichlorophenylindophenol (DCIP), 9-dimethylaminobenzo[alpha]phenoxazin-7-ium chloride (meldola's blue), 3,3'-[3,3'-dimethoxy-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4, 4'-diyl]-bis[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H tetrazolium chloride] (nitroblue tetrazolium; NBT), and 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H tetrazolium (INT). The presence of NAD(P) and oxygen gave no oxidation activity to GLDH. Spectroscopic profile and ICP data indicated a b-type cytochrome containing iron.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of cold-active L-glutamate dehydrogenase independent of NAD(P) and oxygen. 1010 Dec 90

Tire and brake wear particles contain transition metals, and contribute to near-road PM. We hypothesized that acute cardiopulmonary injury from respirable tire particles (TP) will depend on the amount of soluble metals. Respirable fractions of two types of TP (TP1 and TP2) were analyzed for water and acid-leachable metals using ICP-AES. Both TP types contained a variety of transition metals, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), aluminum, and iron. Zn and Cu were detected at high levels in water-soluble fractions (TP2 > TP1). Male Wistar Kyoto rats (12-14 wk) were intratracheally instilled, in the first study, with saline, TP1 or TP2 (5 mg/kg), and in the second study, with soluble Zn, Cu (0.5 micromol/kg), or both. Pulmonary toxicity and cardiac mitochondrial enzymes were analyzed 1 d, 1 wk, or 4 wk later for TP and 4 or 24 h later for metals. Increases in lavage fluid markers of inflammation and injury were observed at d 1 (TP2 > TP1), but these changes reversed by wk 1. No effects on cardiac enzymes were noted with either TP. Exposure of rats to soluble Zn and Cu caused marked pulmonary inflammation and injury but temporal differences were apparent (Cu effects peaked at 4 h and Zn at 24 h). Instillation of Zn, Cu, and Zn + Cu decreased the activity of cardiac aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome-c-oxidase and superoxide dismutase suggesting mitochondrial oxidative stress. The observed acute pulmonary toxicity of TP could be due to the presence of water soluble Zn and Cu. At high concentrations these metals may induce cardiac oxidative stress.
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PMID:Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components. 1836 18

This study aimed to investigate the protection mechanism of Se-containing protein hydrolysates (SPH) from Se-enriched rice on Pb2+-induced apoptosis in PC12 and RAW264.7 cells. Results showed that SPHs could alleviate Pb2+-induced morphological changes of apoptosis and the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential in both cell types. Besides this, SPHs could significantly reduce the activation of caspase-3, -8, -9 induced by Pb2+, reverse the Pb2+-induced upregulation of Bax and release of cytochrome C, and downregulate Bcl-2 in cells. HPLC-ICP-MS and SEC-HPLC assays showed that SPHs were low molecular weight peptides (229.4-534.9Da), and the major Se species found in SPHs was SeMet. Taken together, these findings suggested that SPHs could possibly protect the cells against Pb2+-induced apoptosis via a caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway, and the primary effective constituents in SPHs were SeMet and Se-containing peptides, suggesting that SPHs might be a novel potential candidate to improve the health of people with Se deficiency or in Pb-contaminated areas.
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PMID:Protection mechanism of Se-containing protein hydrolysates from Se-enriched rice on Pb2+-induced apoptosis in PC12 and RAW264.7 cells. 2776 42