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 10,007 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Discoloring and layers on bands and restorations during fixed orthodontic therapy are well known clinical phenomenon. Because of the complexity of etiological factors an in-vitro model was used in this study. Aim of the study was to examine the amounts and sort of metals which are dissolved. Therefore, respectively 25 normed MOD-cavities in Frasaco-teeth were filled with a non-gamma-2-amalgam (Amalcap plus, Vivadent) and condensed manually or mechanically. In addition, ten crowns of a high golden (Maingold SG, Heraeus) as well as a palladium basis alloy (Albabond A, Heraeus) were casted. Then they were banded with stainless steel bands (Dentaurum) and cemented with a glass ionomer cement (Ketac Cem, Espe). The probes were given into a 0.1 molar lactic acid for seven days at 37 degrees C. Using ICP (ion coupled plasma) analysis the corrosion solution was examined for elements. High levels of Zn- and Al-ion contents were found, which are components of the used cements. The filling materials themselves mainly set free small amounts of Ag, Sn or Cu. The steel band released Fe, Cr, Ni and Ti. The combination of filling material and band resulted in a higher release of most ions.
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PMID:[An in-vitro study of the interference of orthodontic banding and filling materials]. 152 12

Detection of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in the environment is an analytical challenge of interest due to increasing use of nanomaterials in consumer and industrial products. Detecting NPs associated with human activities is affected by both the magnitude and variation in background concentrations of natural NPs. In this work, we investigated the potential release of titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs from sunscreen in three recreational rivers, with a time-intensive sampling regime on one river, in order to determine the range and variability of natural, background titania (Ti). Conventional ICP analysis for total metal concentrations, single particle ICP-MS for NP concentrations, and electron microscopy aided in assessing mineralogical morphology and composition. Oxybenzone, a widely-used organic sunscreen, was measured and used as a surrogate for the intensity of recreational activity in the water. Statistically significant increases in Ti concentrations were observed in Clear Creek, CO during one recreation period, but the significance of other instances of recreation-associated Ti increases was unclear, in part due to storm impacts on the natural suspended sediment load of the stream. A comparison of three recreational rivers showed increases in both Ti mass concentrations and NP sizes occur during recreation in both Clear Creek, CO and the Salt River, AZ, but no detectable changes in the Truckee River, NV. However, size distributions were variable in background samples, which make the significance of differences observed during recreation unclear. These results underline that the release of engineered nanoparticles to a natural system cannot be detected without a well-defined background, including measures of its variability during the study period.
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PMID:Quantifying temporal and geographic variation in sunscreen and mineralogic titanium-containing nanoparticles in three recreational rivers. 3275 54