Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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This work is based on 532 cases of physiolysis colli femoris (PCF) in southern Sweden from 1910 through 1982. The material was analyzed epidemiologically. Subsets were used for different investigations aimed at surveying the etiology of PCF, and long-term follow-ups were conducted after various methods of treatment. Finally, the short-term results after hook-pinning, a new device, were evaluated. After radiographic examination of anatomic specimens and normal hips, a method to diagnose and grade PCF was developed. The calcar femoral was found to be of constant shape and position and was used as a landmark to which the position of the femoral head was related. The advantage of this method is that it is easy to use and it is able to determine PCF also after growthplate closure. Epidemiologic analysis of the total material revealed large changes during the 20th century. The disease is more common in males than in females, but the male predominance has decreased from about 90 per cent to about 60 per cent during the period of investigation. Mean age at onset of slipping has decreased by about 3 years in males to 12.7 years and by about 1 year in females to 11.8 years. The incidence has followed a periodic pattern with peaks approximately every 20th year. The mean incidence was 6/10,000 in boys and 3/10,000 in girls. Boys living in the country have always been at higher risk than those living in cities. They were also at higher risk of sustaining bilateral slipping. In girls, there is a seasonal variation, with a higher incidence between May and August. The etiologic investigations dealt with hereditary, mechanical, and hormonal aspects. Radiographic examination revealed PCF in about 10 per cent of the first-degree relatives of 50 consecutive patients with PCF. One third of the families had 2 or more members with PCF. This familial accumulation is much higher than shown in earlier investigations based on questionnaires or clinical reports, and higher than expected from the incidence calculations. The growth analysis using the ICP model showed in both sexes an above average body height before puberty. However, at maturity the heights were almost normal, and accordingly the pubertal gain in height was lower than normal. Both the boys and the girls were markedly overweight before puberty and remained so at maturity. The ICP model accords with what is known about hormonal regulation of growth, and the growth abnormalities indicate a disturbed hormonal growth regulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in southern Sweden 1910-1982. 332 57

Diabetes continues to be a pandemic despite huge strides in the awareness and management of the condition. The incidence of diabetes has been projected to rise by almost 170% in most of the developing countries including India. Currently, about 50 million people suffer from diabetes in India with the figures expected to reach 87 million by the year 2030. To assess the management trends in India, a cross-section of doctors across all the major zones of the country were requested to answer a set of questions based on a case profile. Approximately 1000 doctors from all corners of India provided their feedback on various issues of diabetes management. The patient profile was that of an overweight 46-year-old Indian female with hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). Almost 84.5% of doctors concurred with the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome for this patient. The awareness about diabetes being a comorbidity as well as a cause for recurrent UTI was high with 86% of doctors choosing diabetes as a cause for recurrent UTI. Around 94% of doctors chose metformin as the drug of choice for the management of this patient. A total of 74% of doctors chose the combination of metformin and sulfonylurea for the management of postprandial hyperglycaemia. Opinions were divided on the choice of drugs for the management of diabetes in a non-obese patient with 31% of doctors still choosing metformin as the drug of choice as per the American Diabetes Association 2009 guidelines and 66% of doctors choosing glimeperide as the first choice in a non-obese patient in concordance with the Association of Physicians of India/Indian College of Physicians (API/ICP) guidelines on diabetes. However, 95% of doctors unanimously chose metformin as the drug of choice in patients with abdominal obesity and diabetes. Almost 83% of doctors were aware that Indians have a genetic predisposition to diabetes due to an inherently smaller beta cell mass associated with insulin resistance. Majority of the physicians were also aware of the adverse effects of most of the antidiabetic drugs with 86% of the physicians identifying hydrochlorothiazide as the cause of worsening uric acid levels in diabetics, when used for the management of hypertension. Practice patterns in India generally conform to guidelines. The survey also demonstrated that majority of the physicians are aware of the different complexities associated with the management of diabetes.
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PMID:Managing diabetes in India: paradigms in care--outcomes and analysis in a comprehensive, clinical practice survey of Indian physicians. 2266 47

The aim of the study was to determine the correlations between body mass index (BMI) values before pregnancy and the concentrations of selected elements (Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Sr, Cd, Ba, Pb, U, Ca, Cr, Al, Mn, V, Fe) in blood serum and amniotic fluid (AF) in pregnant women. Elemental analysis of serum and amniotic fluid in 225 Polish women (Caucasian/white) showed a relationship between the concentration of minerals in the above-mentioned samples and the pre-pregnancy BMI. Analysis of blood serum was performed by using ICP-MS and it demonstrated that iron concentration was significantly lower in overweight and obese women. Being underweight in pregnant women was associated with a significantly lower concentration of magnesium and cobalt in the blood serum. Both underweight and overweight women were associated with significantly lower concentrations of calcium and strontium in the blood serum. The concentration of cobalt was significantly higher in underweight women. The concentration of lead in the blood serum of overweight and obese women was significantly higher than in other groups. Analysis of the AF showed that the concentration of copper was significantly lower in overweight and obese women, and the concentration of manganese and vanadium significantly higher than in other groups of women. A deficiency in essential minerals and an excess of heavy metals in women may be associated with abnormal body weight and this is important in the etiopathogenesis of pregnancy and fetal development disorders.
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PMID:Relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index and mineral concentrations in serum and amniotic fluid in pregnant women during labor. 3073 74