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In order to make quantitative comparison between food composition table-based estimates and instrumental measures by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), total food duplicates were collected from 232 adult women in 10 study regions in 9 Prefectures in Japan. Daily dietary intake of 5 elements, sodium (Na), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe), were estimated from the weights of food items in each duplicate by use of food composition tables. Parallel to this the intakes were measured by wet-ashing of food duplicate homogenates followed by ICP-AES analysis. Because the emission intensity of K was significantly modified by Na co-present at various concentrations, K was measured after Na concentration was reduced to the value 150 mg/L by dilution. The comparison of the two sets of the results, the estimated values and the measured values, showed that the estimated values were significantly larger than the measured values in the cases of Na, K, Ca and P (the ratio of the estimated to the measured values: 118% for Na, 115% for K, 109% for Ca; and 130% for Fe), whereas the two values essentially agreed with each other in the case of P (ratio: 93%). The differences were too large for any nutritional evaluation to be made when the method of Bland and Altman is applied. The significance of the differences in relation to nutritional evaluation of element intake is discussed.
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PMID:A comparison of the food composition table-based estimates of dietary element intake with the values obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry: an experience in a Japanese population. 902 75

Results of more than ten years of experience in the determination of metals in mussels and algae collected in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea are presented. The various elements determined here are Hg, As, Se, Cd, Pb, Cu, Na, K, S, P, Zn, Mn, Fe, Sr, Ca, Ba, Mg, Tl, Ni, Co using techniques such as cold vapor AAS, INAA, hydride generation AAS, electrothermal AAS, ICP-AES, IDMS and stripping voltammetry. The results indicate the occurrence of three groups of elements with respect to long-term tendencies of their concentrations. In the first group, the concentrations in both mussels and algae varied in the same manner; in the second group no change was observed in either matrix while in the third group, the concentrations of elements changed in an opposite manner.
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PMID:Mussels and algae as bioindicators for long-term tendencies of element pollution in marine ecosystems. 915 4

The binding to human serum proteins of MnDPDP (manganese(II) dipyridoxyl diphosphate), the active component of the magnetic resonance imaging contrast medium mangafodipir trisodium injection (Teslascan) was studied in ultrafiltration experiments. Sera from three males and three females were incubated with 86 microM [14C]MnDPDP for 60 min at room temperature (20-23 degrees C), followed by centrifugation through filters with a cut-off of 30 kDa. Analysis of the filtrates and the initial incubation mixtures for manganese, by ICP-AES, and for DPDP and its dephosphorylated metabolites DPMP (dipyridoxyl monophosphate) and PLED (dipyridoxyl ethylenediamine diacetate) by liquid scintillation counting, showed a clear difference in protein binding of manganese and the ligands under these conditions. Only 2.2 +/- 1.8% (mean +/- S.E.; n = 6) of DPDP, DPMP and PLED were bound to protein, whereas 26.9 +/- 2.9% (mean +/- S.E.; n = 6) of manganese was bound to protein. No binding of DPDP, DPMP or PLED to blood cells was observed when whole blood, containing either heparin or EDTA as anticoagulant, was spiked with [14C]MnDPDP and the cell-free fraction and the lysed cell fraction analysed by liquid scintillation counting. The extent of protein binding of manganese corresponded well with results from an in vitro metabolism study, in which MnDPDP was added to heparinized human whole blood, showing that approximately 25% of DPDP, DPMP or PLED were not bound to manganese. The in vitro metabolism study revealed that transmetallation with zinc was nearly complete within 1 min, and that dephosphorylation is a sequential process going from DPDP to the monophosphate DPMP, and then to the fully dephosphorylated compound PLED.
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PMID:Mangafodipir trisodium injection, a new contrast medium for magnetic resonance imaging: in vitro metabolism and protein binding studies of the active component MnDPDP in human blood. 916 Feb 65

The objective of this study is to investigate the extent and degree of heavy metal contamination of paddy fields influenced by metalliferous mining activity. Paddy soils, rice plants and irrigation waters were sampled along six traverse lines in the vicinity of the mine and nearby control site. Soil samples were taken 30, 80 and 150 days after rice transplanting, to study seasonal variation of their chemical properties and heavy metal concentrations. Sampling of rice plants and irrigation waters was also undertaken with seasons. The analysis of the samples were carried out using ICP-AES for 25 elements including Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Physical and chemical properties of soils (pH, loss-on-ignition, cation exchange capacity and texture) and waters (pH, Eh and temperature) were also measured. The properties of soils were similar to the average Korean soils, with the exception of some samples taken in the vicinity of the mine. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in paddy soils, rice plants and irrigation waters sampled in the immediate vicinity of the mine were relatively high due to the seepage of metals from mining dump sites. Although there was variation between sampling sites, soil pH values under reducing conditions were on average higher than those under oxidising conditions. Relatively low content of organic matter and low cation exchange capacity of soils were found at 80 days after rice transplanting (P < 0.05). No seasonal variations in metal concentrations were found in paddy soils throughout the period of the rice growing, in which soils ranged from flooded reducing conditions through most of the growing season to drained oxidising conditions before and at harvest. Relatively high metal concentrations were found in the rice stalks and leaves under oxidising conditions. The sequential extraction analysis of selected soil samples confirmed that high proportions of exchangeable fractions of the metals were found under oxidising conditions. It was shown that Cd and Zn concentrations in rice leaves and stalks and rice grain increased with increasing metal concentrations in paddy soils to a greater extent than for Cu and Pb. This difference in uptake is in agreement with the greater proportions of Cd and Zn, compared with Cu and Pb, in the exchangeable soil fraction extracted with MgCl2. Average daily intake from locally grown rice by the residents was estimated to be 121 micrograms Cd and 126 micrograms Pb. Thus, long-term metal exposure by regular consumption of the rice poses potential health problems to residents in the vicinity of the mine, although no adverse health effects have as yet been observed.
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PMID:Environmental contamination and seasonal variation of metals in soils, plants and waters in the paddy fields around a Pb-Zn mine in Korea. 916 64

Trace elements in blood serum is significantly changed in hemodialysed patients. The result of our experiment showed the manner and directions of the evaluated trace elements -Sr, Zn, Ni, Ba, B, Si, Mn and Cu movements. It was confirmed that reverse osmosis is efficient in the most tracers elimination, except Si, B, and Cu. The trace elements being present in the whole arrangement diffuse easily through the dialysers membrane used in our experiment, except Ni. In the membrane of the new, non-rinsed dialyser we detected Pb, Fe, V, Be, Ti and Al. It could possibly be the source of their contamination into the human organism. ICP-AES method of trace elements analysis reveals the possibilities of precisely, fast and simultaneous evaluation of big number various trace elements.
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PMID:[Experimental in vitro model of an artificial kidney--measurement of trace element levels using the ICP method. Preliminary studies]. 917 42

Marker elements of red cosmetics, collected from ancient burials of Matsuyama, Tokushima and Nara Japan, were determined by emission spectrometry (ICP/AES). The mass ratios of Hg, Fe, Cu, and Zn were different between samples. Element levels were compared with reference to relative amounts of sulfur. Of the possible contaminants from the bone and sand of burials, the relative amounts of Hg and Fe to S were most commonly available to evaluate the difference between the cosmetics. The cosmetics were divided into four groups; type I (high Hg with less Fe), type II (both moderate Hg and Fe), type III (moderate Hg with high Fe) and type IV (less Hg with high Fe). The main constituents of cosmetics are mercury sulfide (cinnabar) or ferric oxide mixed with trace metals. Zinc contents differ between the Fe and Hg amounts for the three areas. Cosmetic compositions varied with each burial site, suggesting that they were derived from different mines of ancient Japan.
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PMID:Different element ratios of red cosmetics excavated from ancient burials of Japan. 920 Aug 70

The uptakes of aluminium, magnesium and strontium through maize leaves were investigated. The plants were grown in the light and in the dark (etiolation). Samples of leaves were digested with a mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, and measurements were made by ICP-AES. The aluminium, magnesium and strontium contents of control samples grown in the light or in the dark were found to be similar. There were significant increases in the contents of these elements after maize leaves were sprayed with aluminium, magnesium or strontium solutions: increases of 100 per cent for aluminium, 20 per cent for magnesium and 10 per cent for strontium. The uptakes of these elements were generally higher in the light than in the dark. Aluminium, magnesium and strontium ions act as antagonists of each other. The effects of spraying with the different solutions were also observed in the colour of the maize leaves. However, the ultrastructure of the leaves did not change. The formation of chlorophyll was accelerated by magnesium, and inhibited by aluminium or strontium.
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PMID:Effects of the application of aluminium, strontium and magnesium solutions to the leaf surface of maize, and determinations of these elements by ICP-AES. 924 74

A chromatographic method has been used to study metal ion-protein complexes. It involves successively a gel filtration technique to separate and distinguish the complexed from the free metallic ions, and a spectrometric technique, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), which allows us to calculate accurately the concentration of ionic metallic species in solution. In the chromatographic step, we applied a large-zone Hummel and Dreyer method. Thus, fractions can be collected throughout the chromatographic experiment and their metal concentration measured by ICP-AES, at constant and known protein concentration. This method has been tested on the copper complex of bovine serum albumin. Results of our study are in good agreement with previous studies on this complex.
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PMID:Chromatographic method involving inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric detection for the study of metal-protein complexes. 928 82

Liver copper concentration is generally considered the best measure of copper nutritional status in cattle. Ultrasonic nebulization in conjunction with inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was investigated as a method to provide adequate sensitivity to allow accurate simultaneous measurement of copper and 14 additional elements from needle biopsy samples. The element concentration frequency distribution profile of 12 elements routinely present in liver was compared to profiles of the elements in fat, muscle, vena cava, kidney, and clotted blood. The profiles could be used to confirm the authenticity of the liver biopsy sample. Element concentrations in biopsy samples taken in triplicate from the five lobes of a bovine liver were compared to those from triplicate wedge sections taken adjacent to the biopsies and analyzed by conventional ICP-AES. Precision between biopsies was equal to or better than precision between wedge samples. Some element concentrations determined by the biopsy procedure differed statistically from those determined by the wedge procedure, but differences were not sufficient to influence clinical interpretation of data.
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PMID:Biopsy mineral analysis by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy with ultrasonic nebulization. 937 29

A multivessel system for the determination of mercury (Hg) by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was developed. The performance of the proposed device was tested by determining total Hg in quality-control samples of hair and fishes following acid digestion. Application of the apparatus to the determination of Hg by CV-AAS following alkaline digestion was studied as well. The detection limit obtained for CV-AAS was 0.11 ng/mL and for ICP-AES 1.39 ng/mL. The results show that the system is appropriate to be used in techniques involving cold-vapor generation of Hg.
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PMID:Multivessel system for cold-vapor mercury generation. Determination of mercury in hair and fish. 940 85


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