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Query: UMLS:C0267964 (PAA)
 2,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cellular patterning on biomaterial surfaces is important in fundamental studies of cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, and in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, cell-based biosensors, and diagnostic devices. In this study, we combined the layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte multilayer deposition and photolithographic technique to create an easy and versatile technique for cell patterning. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) conjugated with 4-azidoaniline was interwoven in PAA/polyacrylamide (PAM) multilayer films. After UV irradiation through a photo mask, the UV-exposed areas were crosslinked and the unexposed areas were rinsed away by alkaline water, resulting in micropatterns. Cell patterns were formed when the cell adhesion was limited to the base substrate, but not on the multilayer films. The stability of cell patterns could be modulated by simply modification of the surface chemistry of base substrate and PEM films with conjugation of bioactive macromolecules. This technique can be also applied to other PEM systems with proper rinsing protocol, and many types of substrates. Cell co-culture systems can be also achieved by this technique.
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PMID:Spatial control of cellular adhesion using photo-crosslinked micropatterned polyelectrolyte multilayer films. 1915 Jul 38

Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes on gold substrates were synthesized by surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization of sodium acrylate and sodium methacrylate in water media at room temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) titration and contact angle titration methods were used in combination to investigate the dissociation behavior of these two brushes. Whereas FTIR titration gives effective bulk pKa values of the polyacid brushes (pKabulk of PAA brushes is 6.5-6.6 and pKabulk of PMAA brushes is 6.9-7.0), contact angle titration provides effective surface pKa of the brushes (pKasurf of PAA brushes is 4.4+/-0.01 and pKasurf of PMAA brushes is approximately 4.6+/-0.1). The difference between pKabulk and pKasurf suggests that acid groups further from the substrate surface are easier to ionize and have smaller pKa values. Although such behavior of weak polyelectrolyte brushes has been predicted by theoretical simulation, here we provide the first experimental evidence of this behavior.
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PMID:Dissociation behavior of weak polyelectrolyte brushes on a planar surface. 1924 53

Glass Polyalkenoate Cements (GPCs) based on strontium calcium zinc silicate (Sr-Ca-Zn-SiO(2)) glasses and low molecular weight poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) have been shown to exhibit suitable compressive strength (65 MPa) and flexural strength (14 MPa) for orthopaedic luting applications. In this study, two such GPC formulations, alongside two commercial cements (Simplex P and Hydroset) were examined. Fracture toughness and tensile bond strength to sintered hydroxyapatite and a biomedical titanium alloy were examined. Fracture toughness of the commercial Poly(methyl methacrylate) cement, Simplex P, (3.02 MPa m(1/2)) was superior to that of the novel GPC (0.36 MPa m(1/2)) and the commercial calcium phosphate cement, Hydroset, for which no significant fracture toughness was obtained. However, tensile bond strengths of the novel GPCs (0.38 MPa), after a prolonged period (30 days), were observed to be superior to commercial controls (Simplex P: 0.07 MPa, Hydroset: 0.16 MPa).
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PMID:Comparison of failure mechanisms for cements used in skeletal luting applications. 1928 54

We developed a cell-based assay based on the spin-assisted layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled polyelectrolyte matrix platforms. Three types of human breast epithelial cell lines including normal cells (184B5), noncancerous fibrocystic disease cells (MCF 10F), and metastatic cancerous cells (CAMA-1) were cultured, analyzed, and compared in parallel on various LbL-assembled polymer films. Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) electrolyte polymers were used as the basic building units to form various LbL polyelectrolyte matrices. The mechanical rigidity, surface charge, and biorecognition property of the LbL platforms were controlled by tailoring the LbL surface, thermal cross-linking, and protein modification. Cellular phenotypic changes in adhesion, proliferation, and morphology on these LbL films were characterized and analyzed for the three different cell types. Our analysis results indicate that the cellular phenotype can be controlled by taking advantage of different surface charge, mechanical property, and biological modification (i.e., fibronectin in this case) of the LbL multilayer platforms. Importantly, cell phenotypical quantification results show that the cell spreading area per cell and optical density are useful parameters in distinguishing metastatic cancer cells from normal or fibrocystic disease cells on these LbL films. These LbL-based cell assay platforms have a potential for the development of various disease diagnostic cell assays.
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PMID:Tunable layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte platforms for comparative cell assays. 1957 97

A two-step approach was used to micropattern covalently attached biotin on the surface of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was micropatterned on PLA using photolithography in step 1, followed by carbodiimide wet chemistry to covalently attach biotin to acid groups in step 2. The PAA micropatterning reaction progression was monitored using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy, water contact angle goniometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The PAA-biotin conjugation reaction characterization using XPS confirmed the carbodiimide mediated amidation reaction. The resultant PLA film was then immersed into a solution of fluorescence-conjugated streptavidin and examined under fluorescence microscopy to reveal various micropatterns.
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PMID:Micropatterning of covalently attached biotin on poly(lactic acid) film surfaces. 1959 82

We present a detailed study of the influence of pH on the dispersion and film-forming properties of poly(acrylic acid)-stabilized carbon nanotubes. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is a weak polyelectrolyte, with a pH-responsive behavior in aqueous solution. We obtain quantitative UV-visible measurements to show that the amount of polyelectrolyte in optimal pH conditions is weak, showing a good efficiency of the polymer as a carbon nanotube dispersing agent. The best dispersion conditions are achieved at pH 5, a value close to the pK(a) of PAA. Apart from this tenuous pH value, the PAA is not efficient at stabilizing nanotubes and atomic force microscopy allows us to explain the delicate balance between the PAA adsorption and the suspension stability. This study finally permits optimal conditions for making homogeneous and conductive composite films to be determined.
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PMID:Dispersion and film-forming properties of poly(acrylic acid)-stabilized carbon nanotubes. 1972 50

We report the covalent layer-by-layer construction of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films by using an efficient electrochemically triggered Sharpless click reaction. The click reaction is catalyzed by Cu(I) which is generated in situ from Cu(II) (originating from the dissolution of CuSO(4)) at the electrode constituting the substrate of the film. The film buildup can be controlled by the application of a mild potential inducing the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) in the absence of any reducing agent or any ligand. The experiments were carried out in an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance cell which allows both to apply a controlled potential on a gold electrode and to follow the mass deposited on the electrode through the quartz crystal microbalance. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) modified with either alkyne (PAA(Alk)) or azide (PAA(Az)) functions grafted onto the PAA backbone through ethylene glycol arms were used to build the PEM films. Construction takes place on gold electrodes whose potentials are more negative than a critical value, which lies between -70 and -150 mV vs Ag/AgCl (KCl sat.) reference electrode. The film thickness increment per bilayer appears independent of the applied voltage as long as it is more negative than the critical potential, but it depends upon Cu(II) and polyelectrolyte concentrations in solution and upon the reduction time of Cu(II) during each deposition step. An increase of any of these latter parameters leads to an increase of the mass deposited per layer. For given buildup conditions, the construction levels off after a given number of deposition steps which increases with the Cu(II) concentration and/or the Cu(II) reduction time. A model based on the diffusion of Cu(II) and Cu(I) ions through the film and the dynamics of the polyelectrolyte anchoring on the film, during the reduction period of Cu(II), is proposed to explain the major buildup features.
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PMID:Polymer multilayer films obtained by electrochemically catalyzed click chemistry. 1995 Sep 54

Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) particles were successfully prepared by dispersion polymerization of acrylic acid in ionic liquid, N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoro-methanesulfonyl)amide ([DEME][TFSA]) at 70 degrees C with low hydrolysis grade (35.4%) poly(vinyl alcohol) as stabilizer. Interestingly, the PAA particles were easily extracted as particle state with water. Thus, the PAA particles had a cross-linked structure during the polymerization without cross-linker. Moreover, it was also noted that the cross-linking density of the PAA particles could be controlled by thermal treatment at various temperatures in [DEME][TFSA] utilizing the advantages of nonvolatility and high thermal stability of the ionic liquid.
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PMID:Preparation of poly(acrylic acid) particles by dispersion polymerization in an ionic liquid. 2004 88

Poly(acrylic acid)-block-polystyrene (PAA-b-PS) functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were prepared by nitroxide-mediated "living" free-radical polymerization. The product functionalized MWNTs (MWNT-PAA-b-PS) contained 20% by weight PAA-b-PS based on the infrared spectroscopy analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis. Such MWNT-PAA-b-PS nanoparticles can be used in spray coating method to fabricate superhydrophobic MWNT films, and water-droplet mobility on the superhydrophobic film can be reversibly converted from rollable to pinned through adjusting the appearance of PAA chains on the topmost surface of the film. Switching mechanism has been discussed in detail. We also directly observed the air-solid-liquid interface from the above of a water droplet by a microscope to confirm the superhydrophobic states, and proved that the transition between the wettability states appeared on the same surface with reversible conversion of water-droplet mobility.
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PMID:Reversible conversion of water-droplet mobility from rollable to pinned on a superhydrophobic functionalized carbon nanotube film. 2022 65

To design successful polymeric gene delivery vehicles with good biocompatibility and highly efficient gene transfer ability is one of the great scientific challenges in modern gene therapy. Poly(amidoamine) with pendant aminobutyl group (PAA-BA) has been proved to exhibit high transfection efficiency against bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vitro. In this work, based on previous research, PAA-BA's biocompatibility including in vitro cytotoxicity determined by effect on BMSCs' morphology, viability, membrane damage and apoptosis/necrosis, and in vivo tissue compatibility determined by muscular and hepatic tissue response were further investigated in comparison to branched polyethylenimine (PEI) 25 kDa. The results demonstrated that PAA-BA possess much better cytocompatibility than PEI, yielding slight cell morphological change, high cell viability and mild effect on cell membrane damage as well as inducing less apoptotic/necrotic cells at optimal N/P ratio. PAA-BA also exhibited better tissue compatibility, reflected by no or less inflammatory response in the site of muscle injection at the same (0.03% w/v) or higher concentration (0.1% w/v) and no hepatic tissue morphological change with normal hepatocytes. We concluded that PAA-BA was promising and safe candidate for in vitro BMSCs gene delivery and had potential for in future in vivo gene therapy.
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PMID:Cytotoxicity and in vivo tissue compatibility of poly(amidoamine) with pendant aminobutyl group as a gene delivery vector. 2022 18


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