Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0267964 (PAA)
 2,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A pH-sensitive polymer interface has been used as a matrix for reversible immobilization of cytochrome c (Cyt c) on an Au surface through a dip-coating process. The pH-sensitive behavior of the polymer brush interface has been demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The reversible immobilization and electron-transfer properties of Cyt c have been investigated by in situ UV/Vis spectrophotometry and CV. The results have shown that the poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brush acted as an excellent adsorption matrix and a good accelerant for the direct electron transfer of Cyt c, which gave redox peaks with a formal potential of 40 mV versus Ag/AgCl in pH 7.6 phosphate buffer solution. The average surface coverage of Cyt c on the PAA film was about 1.7 x 10(-10) mol cm(-2), indicating a multilayer of Cyt c. The electron-transfer rate constant was calculated to be around 0.19 s(-1) according to the CV experiments. The interface was subjected to in situ attenuated total internal reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic analysis, in order to further confirm the immobilization of Cyt c on the surface. This polymer-protein system may have potential applications in the design of biosensors, protein separation, interfacial engineering, biomimetics, and so on.
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PMID:Reversible immobilization and direct electron transfer of cytochrome c on a pH-sensitive polymer interface. 1718

Pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) is a powerful tool for the detailed compositional analysis of polymers. A major problem of Py-GC is that polar (bio)polymers yield polar pyrolyzates which are not easily accessible to further GC characterization. In the present work, a newly developed fully automated procedure for thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation (THM) of biopolymers is described. Drying of the sample, addition of the reagent, incubation and pyrolysis are performed inside the liner of a programmable temperature vaporizer injector. The new system not only allows efficient analysis of large series of samples, but also allows automated optimization of the experimental parameters based on an experimental design approach. The performance of the automated THM-procedure was evaluated by performing THM-GC of a poly(acrylic acid)-poly(maleic anhydride) copolymer (PAA/PMAH) and several polysaccharides. The optimized THM-procedure was applied for the structural characterization and differentiation of several lignins and hydroxypropylmethyl-celluloses. It was also applied to proteins. Here myoglobin and cytochrome c were used as the model compounds. Both conventional GC-mass spectrometry (MS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC)-time-of-flight (TOF) MS were used for separation and identification of the species formed. The information obtained can aid in structure elucidation of polar biopolymers as well as in providing detailed compositional information which can be used to differentiate structurally similar biopolymers.
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PMID:Fully automated system for the gas chromatographic characterization of polar biopolymers based on thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation. 1857 50

In contrast to simple salts or negatively charged macromolecules, positively charged proteins and peptides including cytochrome c (yeast) and poly-L-lysine are efficiently encapsulated while inducing the formation of polymersomes from polystyrene(140)-b-poly(acrylic acid)(48) (PS(140)-b-PAA(48)).
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PMID:Induced polymersome formation from a diblock PS-b-PAA polymer via encapsulation of positively charged proteins and peptides. 2151 14