Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0267964 (PAA)
 2,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diphenylarsinic acid [DPAA(V)] was detected in ground water used as drinking water after a poisonous incident in Kamisu, Japan. An approach to define the target molecules of DPAA(V) with a high throughput analysis of proteins from cultured human cells demonstrated down-regulation of glutaminase C (GAC). GAC is a splicing variant of the kidney-type glutaminase (KGA) gene and has the enzyme activity of phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG). To gain some insights into the mechanism of arsenic intoxication in Kamisu, the effects of various arsenic compounds, including arsenicals that were detected in ground water ([DPAA(V)], phenylarsonic acid [PAA(V)] and bis(diphenylarsine)oxide [BDPAO(III)]) and rice (phenylmethylarsinic acid [PMAA(V)]), were investigated for the expression of GAC and PAG activity. When cultured human HepG2 cells were incubated with arsenicals for 24h, the pentavalent phenylarsenic form of PAA(V) and PMAA(V) as well as DPAA(V) suppressed the expression of GAC protein and PAG activity in a concentration-dependent manner. On the other hand, the trivalent phenylarsenic form of BDPAO(III) had no suppressive effect on GAC and PAG. In addition, trivalent phenylarsenic compounds, such as the glutathione (GSH) conjugate of DPAA(V) [DPA-GS (III)] and triphenylarsine [TPA(III)], and the inorganic arsenics, iAs(V) and iAs(III), and methylated metabolites of inorganic arsenics, dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(V)] and dimethylarsinous acid [DMA(III)], had no suppressive effect on glutaminase. Likewise, methyl substituents of the hydroxyl groups of DPAA(V), PAA(V) and PMAA(V), diphenylmethylarsine oxide [DPMAO(V)] and phenyldimethylarsine oxide [PDMAO(V)], did not have any suppressive effects. These results suggest that pentavalent arsenic compounds with both phenyl groups and hydroxyl groups are effective in the suppression of glutaminase. In addition, the fact that it was only the arsenicals detected in Kamisu that were effective in suppressing glutaminase provides insights into the cause of the arsenic intoxication at Kamisu.
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PMID:Structure-effect relationship in the down-regulation of glutaminase in cultured human cells by phenylarsenic compounds. 1942 35

In the present study, coagulation-flocculation was investigated as a pretreatment process for the treatment of purified terephthalic acid (PTA) wastewater. The effect of various inorganic and organic coagulants on the treatment of wastewater collected from flow equalization tank of an effluent treatment plant was studied. The settling and filtration characteristics of the sludge were also studied. The jar tests revealed that the wastewater was best treated when 3000 mg l(-1) of ferric chloride was dosed at pH 5.6. At optimum conditions, COD of the wastewater was reduced by 75.5%. The results of the gravity filtration of the treated wastewater showed that the addition of cationic polyacrylamide (175 mg l(-1)) to ferric chloride coagulation improved the filtration characteristics and reduced the specific cake resistance. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy studies were also conducted to know the sludge structure and composition, respectively. Thermal analysis of the sludge showed that the oxidation of the sludges in the present study is a three step process. However, with the addition of C-PAA to ferric chloride coagulation system, the oxidation was found to be a two step process.
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PMID:Pretreatment of petrochemical wastewater by coagulation and flocculation and the sludge characteristics. 2030 61

Activatable theranostic nanomedicines involved in photothermal therapy (PTT) have received constant attention as promising alternatives to traditional therapies in clinic. However, the theranostic nanomedicines widely suffer from instability and complicated nanostructures, which hamper potential clinical applications. Herein, we demonstrated a terrylenediimide (TDI)-poly(acrylic acid) (TPA)-based nanomedicine (TNM) platform used as an intrinsic theranostic agent. As an exploratory paradigm in seeking biomedical applications, TDI was modified with poly(acrylic acid)s (PAAs), resulting in eight-armed, star-like TPAs composed of an outside hydrophilic PAA corona and an inner hydrophobic TDI core. TNMs were readily fabricated via spontaneous self-assembly. Without additional vehicle and cargo, the as-prepared TNMs possessed a robust nanostructure and high photothermal conversion efficiency up to approximately 41%. The intrinsic theranostic properties of TNMs for use in photoacoustic (PA) imaging by a multispectral optoacoustic tomography system and in mediating photoinduced tumor ablation were intensely explored. Our results suggested that the TNMs could be successfully exploited as intrinsic theranostic agents for PA imaging-guided efficient tumor PTT. Thus, these TNMs hold great potential for (pre)clinical translational development.
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PMID:Terrylenediimide-Based Intrinsic Theranostic Nanomedicines with High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Cancer Therapy. 2830 20