Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0265264 (HOS)
 1,119 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study was designed to assess potential reproductive toxicity caused by fentin and fenbutatin in the mice. Adult male mice received i.p. injections of fentin hydroxide and fenbutatin oxide at a dose of 0, 10 or 25 microg/kg body weight on 1st, 3rd and 5th day of experimentation. Mice were sacrificed on day 25 and analyzed for spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. A significant decrease in epididymal sperm count, sperm motility, sperm viability and sperm function (HOS coiling) were observed in experimental mice when compared with controls. The decrease in sperm quantity and quality was significant in the 25 microg/kg group than that in the control group. The activity levels of testicular steroidogenic enzymes, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) were significantly decreased in treated mice indicating decreased steroidogenesis after organotin compounds administration. The levels of serum testosterone decreased with an increase in follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in experimental mice when compared to control mice. The results suggest that fentin and fenbutatin cause impairment of spermatogenesis through the inhibition of testosterone production.
 ...
PMID:Reduction of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in mice after fentin and fenbutatin administration. 1680 47

We present the mechanism for the cellular uptake of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles that are internalized into MNNG/HOS cells principally via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The intracellular LDHs are highly colocalized with not only typical endocytic proteins, such as clathrin heavy chain, dynamin, and eps15, but also transferrin, a marker of the clathrin-mediated process, suggesting their specific internalization pathway. LDHs loaded with an anticancer drug (MTX-LDH) were also prepared to confirm the efficacy of LDHs as drug delivery systems. The cellular uptake of MTX was higher in MTX-LDH-treated cells than in MTX-treated cells, giving a lower IC50 value for MTX-LDH than for MTX only. The inhibition of the cell cycle was greater for MTX-LDH than for MTX only. This result clearly shows that the internalization of LDH nanoparticles via clathrin-mediated endocytosis may allow the efficient delivery of MTX-LDH in cells and thus enhance drug efficacy.
 ...
PMID:Cellular uptake mechanism of an inorganic nanovehicle and its drug conjugates: Enhanced efficacy due to clathrin-mediated endocytosis. 1710 18

Many researches have shown that anionic clays can be used as delivery carriers for drug or gene molecules due to their efficient cellular uptake in vitro, and enhanced permeability and retention effect in vivo. It is, therefore, highly required to establish a guideline on their potential toxicity for practical applications. The toxicity of anionic clay, layered metal hydroxide nanoparticle, was evaluated in two human lung epithelial cells, carcinoma A549 cells and normal L-132 cells, and compared with that in other human cancer cell lines such as cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa) and osteosarcoma cells (HOS). The present nanoparticles showed little cytotoxic effects on the proliferation and viability of four cell lines tested at the concentrations used (<250 microg/ml) within 48 h. However, exposing cancer cells to high concentrations (250-500 microg/ml) for 72 h resulted in an inflammatory response with oxidative stress and membrane damage, which varied with the cell type (A549>HOS>HeLa). On the other hand, the toxicity mechanism seems to be different from that of other inorganic nanoparticles frequently studied for biological and medicinal applications such as iron oxide, silica, and single walled carbon nanotubes. Iron oxide caused cell death associated with membrane damage, while single walled carbon nanotube induced oxidative stress followed by apoptosis. Silica triggered an inflammation response without causing considerable cell death for both cancer cells and normal cells, whereas layered metal hydroxide nanoparticle did not show any cytotoxic effects on normal L-132 cells in terms of inflammation response, oxidative stress, and membrane damage at the concentration of less than 250 microg/ml. It is , therefore, highly expected that the present nanoparticle can be used as a efficient vehicle for drug delivery and cancer cell targeting as well.
 ...
PMID:Toxicological effects of inorganic nanoparticles on human lung cancer A549 cells. 1918 88