Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0265264 (HOS)
 1,119 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the influence of differences in strain, sex and drug administration time on physical dependence of morphine and phenobarbital in rats and also whether or not pole climbing avoidance is useful as an indicator of physical dependence. We then compared the behavioral characteristics seen with morphine-dependence with those of other CNS-affecting drugs. Withdrawal signs involving weight loss in morphine and phenobarbital groups were different in JCL-Wistar, SLC-Wistar, JCL-Sprague Dawley and HOS-Donryu strain rats. Withdrawal signs in males were generally more marked than in females. Withdrawal signs due to the difference of drug administration time were different with the sex and/or kinds of drugs. After administration of morphine-type and barbiturate-type drugs, withdrawal signs of sedation and weight loss, also excitability together with weight loss appeared 24 and 40 hours later, respectively. These signs were generally greatly increased by antagonist-induced withdrawal. Abrupt withdrawal of methamphetamine and cocaine caused no withdrawal signs. Rectal temperature was unchanged on abrupt withdrawal in the case of each drug, though temperatures did decrease with morphine-type drugs, and increased with phenobarbital and chlordiazepoxide groups, on antagonist-induced withdrawal. Inhibition of the avoidance was mild with the abrupt withdrawal of morphine, codeine, phenobarbital chlordiazepoxide and cocaine, but was marked on antagonist-induced withdrawal of morphine and codeine.
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PMID:[Neuropharmacological studies on drug dependence (I). Effects due to the difference in strain, sex and drug administration time on physical dependence development and characteristics of withdrawal signs in CNS-affecting drug dependent rats (author's transl)]. 57 38

The influence of a changing environment on the well being of children has been examined by applying the HOS of Leighton. There is no general connection between "Changing Environment" and "Stress Score". But children who are not underprivileged socioeconomically show a higher Stress Score in a region with faster change.
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PMID:[Children under stress: socioeconomic change and the well-being of school children]. 121 92

Sperm plasma membrane characteristics were measured by a combined method consisting of the hypo-osmotic swelling test and staining with either the eosine Y (HOS-eosine test) or propidium iodide dye (HOS-propidium test). Sperm samples were washed and resuspended in BWW medium (fraction I). Aliquots of the washed spermatozoa were treated by a swim-up technique to select motile spermatozoa (fraction II). After separation of motile cells, residual sperm pellets were treated separately (fraction III). These three fractions were subjected to the hypo-osmotic swelling test, lipid peroxidation measurement, and the HOS-eosine and HOS-propidium tests. The HOS-eosine test makes it possible to distinguish 4 types of spermatozoa: type 1: HOS+/eosine-; type 2: HOS-/eosine-; type 3: HOS-/eosine+ and type 4: HOS+/eosine+ (Fig. 1). HOS-propidium test shows equal results as HOS-eosine test. Fraction I spermatozoa showed 55.2 +/- 3.6% type 1; 12.6 +/- 1.0 type 2; 28.0 +/- 2.9 type 3; and 4.2 +/- 0.6 type 4 cells. Fraction II spermatozoa were characterized by high percentages of type 1 cells, low percentages of types 3 and 4, and very low values of lipid peroxidation (5 times smaller than fraction I). Fraction III showed a low percentage of type 1, a high percentages of the other types, and an enhanced value of lipid peroxidation (2 times higher than fraction I). The prognostic value of the HOS-eosine test was evaluated in an IVF programme. Preliminary results show that a high incidence of types 2 and 4 spermatozoa is often associated with fertilization failure.
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PMID:Sperm plasma membrane integrity measurement: a combined method. 128 12

Osteosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas are vigorously invading tumors. Before they can extravasate to the parenchymal organs and form metastases, they have to adhere to the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels and then penetrate through the endothelium. We show that several human sarcoma cell lines, osteosarcomas HOS, MG-63, U2-OS, and a rhabdomyosarcoma RD, express VLA-4 molecule on their surface and bind to the VCAM-I-expressing activated endothelial cell line Ea.hy 926. The increased sarcoma-cell adhesion could be abolished by treating the sarcoma cells with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) VLA4 (both alpha- and beta-chain, HP2/1 and 4B4 respectively) or treating endothelial cells with VCAM-I antibody (4B9). Furthermore, we show that sarcoma cells adhere to recombinant soluble VCAM-I protein. On the other hand, these sarcoma cell lines do not express marked amounts of other ligands (such as CDII/18 or sialyl-Lex) for other endothelial adhesion molecules (ICAM-I, ICAM-2, E- and P-selectin) indicating that the VLA-4-VCAM-I dependent pathway might be of major importance in sarcoma extravasation. VLA-4 is not always in an avid form and therefore the expression of VLA-4 does not directly predict adherence to VCAM-I. The avidity of VLA-4 (measured by adherence to soluble VCAM-I) of MG-63 and U2-OS cells could be increased by a 30-min PMA treatment, whereas the avidity of VLA-4 on HOS cells increased only after 48 hr of PMA induction. Our results show that sarcoma cell lines (HOS, MG-63, U2-OS and RD) adhere to stimulated endothelium via VLA-4-VCAM-I adhesion molecules and that VLA-4 avidity on sarcoma cells can be differentially modulated by PMA.
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PMID:VLA-4 integrin on sarcoma cell lines recognizes endothelial VCAM-1. Differential regulation of the VLA-4 avidity on various sarcoma cell lines. 128 Nov 43

The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of the introduction of another parameter--the hypoosmotic swelling test--in the evaluation of the freezing potentially of anonymous donor's semen sample to be utilized in an AID program. 154 donor semen samples were frozen using classic seminal parameters: HOS tests were performed but not utilized as criteria for freezeability. All specimens were thawed and another HOS test was performed. All specimens were divided into two groups on the basis of the pre freezing HOS test value--HOS tests positive (> or = 55%) and HOS test negative (< 55%)--to verify if it's possible to correlate this value to the recovery of a good motility after thawing. A further division was performed: HOS tests highly positive (> or = 70%), HOS positive (60-55%) and HOS tests negative (< 55%) but the authors did not find any statistical difference. As concerns the clinical evaluation, were considered the last 15 pregnancies achieved with 11 samples out of 22 utilized. There was not any statistical difference. The data could seem to confirm the hypothesis that it is not possible to utilize the HOS test as a predictive value of "freezeability" of human semen sample.
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PMID:Is it possible to use the hypoosmotic swelling test as criteria for "freezeability" of human semen in an AID program? 134 76

The osteogenic potential of the two human osteosarcoma cell lines HOS and KHOS; a cell line produced by the transformation of the HOS cells by the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus, was studied in vitro. HOS cells cultured more than 2 weeks formed nodules composed of two morphologically distinct layers, an epithelial-like surface cell layer and a collagen-rich inner cell layer. Alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity occurred in the plasma membrane of the surface cell layer, and calcified substances developing along collagen fibers were detected in the collagen-rich inner cell layer. The calcified substances were further examined by analytical electron microscopy and were shown to be hydroxyapatite crystals. In contrast, there was neither ALPase nor the deposition of a calcified substance in the KHOS cells.
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PMID:In vitro differentiation of the human osteosarcoma cell lines, HOS and KHOS. 135 21

Sperm plasma membrane characteristics were analysed by a combined method, the HOS-eosine test (HOS-E test), that consists of the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOS test), and the eosine-Y staining. Semen samples were categorized into four groups (Normo-, Oligo-, Astheno-, and Oligoasthenozoospermic) and subjected to the standard analysis (spermiogram), HOS test, eosine-nigrosine test (reflecting sperm viability); and HOS-E test. HOS-E test makes it possible to distinguish four groups of spermatozoa: type 1, HOS+/eosine-; type 2, HOS-/eosine-; type 3, HOS-/eosine+; and type 4, HOS+/eosine+. Normozoospermic samples showed 61.2 +/- 1.4% type 1, 9.2 +/- 0.8% type 2, 22.6 +/- 1.1% type 3, and 6.8 +/- 0.6% type 4 spermatozoa. Oligozoospermic samples showed no significant differences in these values, whereas asthenozoospermic samples showed a higher percentage of types 3 and 4 and a lower percentage of type 1. Oligoasthenozoospermic samples showed high percentages of types 2, 3, and 4 and a low percentage of type 1. Sperm plasma membrane integrity is a necessary condition for motility and fertilization. So, it is not surprising that semen samples with abnormal motility showed a HOS-E result indicative of a defective plasma membrane.
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PMID:Sperm plasma membrane integrity in fertile and infertile men. 138 Feb 9

To identify the cellular receptors and other cell surface molecules playing essential roles in the transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), we have been isolating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are capable of inhibiting HTLV-1-induced syncytium formation. In the present study, we isolated two mAbs, H11 (IgM) and H14 (IgG1), inhibitory to syncytium formation in the coculture of TOM-1 or C91/PL (both HTLV-1-positive human T-cell lines) and MOLT-4/8 (HTLV-1-negative human T-cell line) by immunizing the membrane fraction of human osteosarcoma line HOS. By immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, H11 and H14 were found to be specific for MHC class I heavy chain and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2 M), respectively. Among the four commercially obtained mAbs, two mAbs for MHC class I antigen and two mAbs to beta 2 M, one mAb to MHC class I antigen and one mAb to beta 2 M were also found to be inhibitory to the syncytium formation. The functional comparison of these mAbs revealed that the syncytium-inhibitory mAbs induced strong homotypic cell adhesion particularly in the HTLV-1-positive T-cell lines. This cell adhesion was dependent on temperature, energy metabolism, and microfilament function but not on the activity of protein kinase C or divalent cations. These results suggest a novel type of LFA-1-independent cell adhesion induced by signal transduction via MHC class I antigen.
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PMID:Induction of strong homotypic adhesion in human T cell lines positive with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 by monoclonal antibodies to MHC class I and beta 2-microglobulin. 138 Aug 95

Estrogens play a central role in modulating bone turnover and in the postmenopausal female are formed almost exclusively by peripheral conversion of sex steroid precursors derived from the adrenals. In this study we have demonstrated that three human osteoblastic cell lines [HOS, U20S (HTB96) and MG63] possess the enzymes necessary for estrogen synthesis and metabolism. Aromatase, estradiol 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (reductive and oxidative) and estrone sulfatase activities were measured in whole cell monolayers over a 20 h period by isotopic assay techniques. Significant aromatase activity was detected in all three cell lines ranging from 1.8 +/- 0.2 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells (mean +/- S.D., n = 3) for MG63 cells to 51 +/- 1.5 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells for HOS cells. The specific aromatase inhibitor, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (1 mumol/L) completely inhibited aromatase activity in these cells. Two of the cell lines, HOS and MG63, had significant estradiol 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity with oxidative (32.7 +/- 1.9 and 1068.4 +/- 40.2 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells respectively) predominant over reductive activity (1.6 +/- 0.4 and 38.7 +/- 1.8 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells). All three cell lines were able to hydrolyse estrone sulfate to estrone with activities ranging from 13.3 +/- 1.5 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells for U20S cells to 482.2 +/- 3.7 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells for MG63 cells. Since estrogen has been implicated as a critical factor in the modulation of bone resorption and formation, the regulation of skeletal estrogen production, particularly at the time of the menopause, is likely to be an important mechanism by which bone volume is determined in physiological and pathological states.
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PMID:Estrogen synthesis by osteoblast cell lines. 139 46

Soluble chromium (VI) compounds either alone or in combination with 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) were used to transform non-tumorigenic osteoblast-like human osteosarcoma cells (HOS TE85). The Cr(VI) compounds were highly toxic to these cells with LC50 values in the range of approximately 0.5-1.0 microM. Continuous passaging of the treated cells resulted in sustained increase in anchorage-independent (AI) colony formation. Treatment with Cr(VI) and MC resulted in substantial increase in AI growth. At the XVth passage, a number of individual AI colonies were expanded in culture and used for further studies. The cells are refractory in appearance and grow as 'nests' rather than as monolayers. The cell lines have relatively high plating efficiency (PE) in soft agar and respond to promotional effect of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate by an increase in PE and in the size and number of AI colonies. While the isolated cells are not tumorigenic when tested in athymic nude mice, most of the lines possess higher levels of plasminogen activator (PA) activity, considered as one of the markers of transformation. This is also reflected in the increase in the steady state level of urokinase type PA mRNA. These results show that Cr(VI) compounds are capable of promoting human cells to an altered phenotype characteristic of a stage in the carcinogenesis cascade.
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PMID:Transformation of non-tumorigenic osteoblast-like human osteosarcoma cells by hexavalent chromates: alteration of morphology, induction of anchorage-independence and proteolytic function. 142 71


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