Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0264733 (ventricular dilatation)
 2,163 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ostium secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) were observed in six (3 M, 3 F) of 33 (20 M, 13 F) (18%) Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi) necropsied by veterinary pathologists between 1985 and 1998. A seventh ASD was found in a female panther necropsied in the field and is included in the pathological description but not the prevalence of ASDs in Florida panthers. One panther (FP205) with severe ASD also had tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD). Atrial septal defects and/or TVD are believed to have caused or contributed to the deaths of three (9%) Florida panthers in this study. Mean diameter +/- SD of ASDs was 9.0 +/- 4.7 mm (range 3 to 15 mm). Gross pathological changes attributed to ASDs/TVD in severely affected panthers (ASD > or = 10 mm) (n = 4) included mild right ventricular dilatation (n = 3) and hypertrophy (n = 2), mild to severe right atrial dilatation (n = 2), and acute pulmonary edema (n = 3). Panthers with mild ASDs (ASD < or = 5 mm) (n = 3) had no other detectable gross pathological changes associated with the ASDs. Histological examination of lungs of three panthers with severe ASDs revealed mild to moderate dilatation with fibrosis and smooth muscle atrophy of the tunica media of medium to large caliber arteries (n = 2), interstitial and/or pleural fibrosis (n = 2), perivascular fibrosis (n = 1), and acute to chronic edema (n = 3). Twenty-six necropsied panthers were examined one or more times while living; medical records were retrospectively evaluated. Antemortem radiographic, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic examinations were performed on two panthers with severe ASDs (FP20 and FP205). Thoracic radiographic abnormalities in both included right heart enlargement, and in FP205 (severe ASD and TVD), mild pulmonary overperfusion. Electrocardiographic examination of FP205 revealed a right ventricular hypertrophy pattern, while FP205 had a normal electrocardiogram. Echocardiographic examination of FP20 revealed marked right atrial dilatation; a bubble contrast study indicated regurgitation across the tricuspid valve. Echocardiographic abnormalities in FP20 included right atrial and ventricular lilatation, atrial septal drop-out, and severe tricuspid regurgitation; non-selective angiography revealed significant left to right shunting across the ASD. All panthers with severe ASDs ausculted (n = 3) had systolic right or left-sided grade I-V/VI murmurs loudest at the heart base. All male panthers with ASDs (n = 3) (100%) and 9 of 17 (53%) male panthers without ASDs in this study were cryptorchid.
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PMID:Atrial septal defects in Florida panthers. 1047 86

As of 2000, more adults than children are alive with congenital heart disease. Each year, more of these adults with congenital heart disease undergo surgery. Adults with congenital heart disease require lifelong surveillance, follow-up imaging, and clinical decision making by appropriately trained and familiar physicians and extenders. Three common challenges facing adults with congenital heart disease are the neglected patient, weak programmatic infrastructure, and the planning and management of pregnancy in the adult with congenital heart disease. Many challenges must be overcome in order to establish and maintain a comprehensive medical and surgical program for adults with congenital heart disease. Three common and challenging groups of adults with congenital heart disease who may require surgery are adults requiring tricuspid valve surgery for Ebstein's malformation, those requiring reoperation for failing Fontan circulation, and those requiring pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). Surgery for Ebstein's anomaly is now offered to older patients at low risk and with good late outcome. The operation includes tricuspid valve repair or replacement and frequent concomitant procedures such as atrial septal defect closure, arrhythmia surgery (the Maze procedure), and coronary artery bypass grafting. Patients undergoing previous iterations of the Fontan operation are especially prone to arrhythmia and failing circulation. Fontan conversion with arrhythmia surgery and pacemaker therapy was developed by Constantine Mavroudis, Barbara Deal, and Carl Backer to treat these challenging patients, with the first such operation performed in 1994. Fontan conversion involves: (1) conversion of the previously created atriopulmonary connection to a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), extracardiac Fontan; (2) arrhythmia surgery, typically with a modified biatrial Maze procedure along with placement of an antitachycardia, dual-chamber pacemaker with steroid-eluting epicardial leads in all patients; and (3) concomitant procedures to treat associated lesions. The need for pulmonary valve replacement is increasing for many adults with congenital heart disease. In the past, chronic pulmonary regurgitation following repair of tetralogy of Fallot was considered benign. Current evidence demonstrates that chronic pulmonary regurgitation causes significant morbidity by producing right ventricular dilatation and dysfunction, exercise intolerance, arrhythmias, and sudden death. Multiple options exist for pulmonary valve replacement including several recent developments such as pulmonary valve replacement with a hand-sewn polytetrafluoroethylene bicuspid valve and percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement. Reoperative cardiac surgery is common in adults with congenital heart disease. Although a history of previous cardiac surgery does not independently confer a significant incremental risk of operative mortality, patients with the greatest number of previous surgeries appear to be a higher risk group. Multi-institutional data about adults with congenital heart disease from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database can be used to estimate prognosis and council patients and their families. The six manuscripts reviewed in this article have been selected to give a flavor of the state of the art in the domain of caring for adults with congenital heart disease and to provide important information about the long term management of patients undergoing successful pediatric cardiac surgery.
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PMID:Current readings: long-term management of patients undergoing successful pediatric cardiac surgery. 2544 Oct 4

Management of aortic aneurismatic disease is often care of specialists, from vascular to cardiac surgeons. However, initial diagnosis and management are not unfrequently responsibility of an emergency staff as the disease presentation may be dramatically acute. Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) in particular have a silent clinical history until they become evident with dissection or rupture with a high global mortality rate. The importance of a rapid diagnosis and of correct management in such a subsetting is clear, but recent guidelines where published with the declared rationale of emphasizing the importance of an early detection of the disease. The goal is to reduce morbidity and mortality and improvement of quality of life of such patients. We present a case of successfully managed asymptomatic giant proximal aortic aneurysm in a healthy young man. On a routine transthoracic echocardiogram, severe dilatation of the proximal aorta was detected, with severe aortic regurgitation in a normal tricuspid valve determining left ventricle (LV) dilatation and impaired contractility. Computed tomography scan was scheduled, confirming the findings and open heart surgery performed within 1 week. Clinical and echocardiographical follow-up was started; after 2 months imaging studies showed good surgical results with well-functioning, non-regurgitant prosthetic aortic valve and initial recovery of left ventricular dilatation; at the last control, 14 months later, LV mass and dimensions where markedly improved, with no more signs of hypertrophy nor dilatation. TAA needs a rapid diagnosis and appropriate management. Clinicians should be aware of proper diagnostic tools and of applicable therapeutic strategies in order to grant the better assistance to the patient. In this setting, the role of echocardiography remains pivotal.
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PMID:Giant Proximal Aorta Aneurysm: A Successfully Managed Time Bomb. 2846 95

A 5-year-old male toy poodle was referred for corrective surgery of an atrial septal defect. A sinus venosus-type atrial septal defect (ASD) with partial anomalous venous connection, suspected pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary edema was confirmed by radiography, echocardiography, and cardiac computed tomography. Thoracic radiographs showed right heart enlargement. Echocardiography revealed right atrial and ventricular dilatation with mild flattening of the interventricular septum. Left-to-right shunt flow through the ASD was observed on color Doppler examination. Surgical correction of the sinus venosus ASD with a partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass. A follow-up evaluation at 1 year after surgery showed resolution of the right-sided volume overload and no evidence of recurrence of ASD. Complications were not observed. Our findings indicate that surgical correction under cardiopulmonary bypass is a valid treatment option for an ASD with a partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
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PMID:Surgical correction for sinus venosus atrial septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a dog. 3218 71