Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0264733 (ventricular dilatation)
 2,163 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Echocardiography was used to compare the left ventricular function in 35 cases of congestive cardiomyopathy (COCM), 16 cases of obstructive and 28 cases of non-obstructive asymmetric septal hypertrophy, 43 cases of scleroderma heart disease, 21 cases of ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), 2 cases of restrictive cardiomyopathy, and one case of cardiac amyloidosis. COCM was characterized by left ventricular dilatation, decreased contractility and signs of elevated end-diastolic pressure. In asymmetric septal hypertrophy there was a decreased distensibility of the obstructed left ventricle, both in early and end-diastole, but the pump function remained normal. In scleroderma and amyloid heart disease both the contractility and distensibility of the small, stiff heart were reduced. In restrictive cardiomyopathy the only abnormality was the impaired end-diastolic distensibility. Reduced contractility confined primarily to the interventricular septum and impaired early diastolic distensibility are the characteristic features distinguishing ischaemic cardiomyopathy from COCM. However, echocardiography is not suitable for individual differentiation of ICM and COCM. The COCM can be differentiated from left ventricular aneurysm by M-mode sector scanning technique.
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PMID:Functional differentiation of various types of cardiomyopathies by echocardiography. 15 92

Thirty-four cats with primary myocardial disease were studied. The cats were divided into two groups, depending on the clinical, hemodynamic, angiocardiographic, and pathologic findings. Group A consisted of those cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Group B consisted of those cats with congestive cardiomyopathy. Similarity in the characteristics of cardiomyopathy in the human cat was found. Both Group A and Group B consisted predominantly of mature adult male cats. The most common presenting signs were dyspnea and/or thromboembolism, systolic murmurs with gallop rhythms on auscultation, cardiomegaly with (Group A) or without (Group B) pulmonary edema, abnormal electrocardiograms, elevated left ventricular end diastolic pressures, and angiocardiographic evidence of mitral regurgitation with left ventricular concentric hypertrophy (Group A) or left ventricular dilatation (Group B). Some cats in Group A also had evidence of left ventricular outflow obstruction. The principal pathologic findings in these cats were left atrial dilatation, symmetric hypertrophy or asymmetric septal hypertrophy of the left ventricle (Group A), and dilatation of the four cardiac chambers (Group B). Aortic thromboembolism was commonly observed in both groups. These clinical and pathologic findings indicate that cardiomyopathy in the cat is similar to the two most common forms of cardiomyopathy in the human (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with and without obstruction, and congestive cardiomyopathy).
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PMID:Primary myocardial disease in the cat. A model for human cardiomyopathy. 84 11

The left ventricular blood flow pattern during the isovolumic relaxation period was investigated in 17 patients with apical hypertrophy (mean 54 +/- 8 years) and 30 with asymmetric septal hypertrophy without left ventricular outflow obstruction (mean 54 +/- 14 years). Thirty-five age-matched normal subjects served as controls (mean 51 +/- 10 years). All cases were examined by pulsed Doppler echocardiography simultaneously with phonocardiography. In all the control subjects, an apically-directed flow was observed, which occurred simultaneously with the onset of the second heart sound. In contrast, a basally-directed flow was detected during the isovolumic relaxation period in 13 patients (76%) with apical hypertrophy and in 28 (93%) with asymmetric septal hypertrophy. In these cases, an apically-directed flow was often observed before the second heart sound. Standard M-mode echocardiography revealed a significant increase in the left ventricular short-axis dimension at the base during the isovolumic period in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, while the normal controls showed no significant change. Moreover, peak velocity of the basally-directed flow correlated significantly with the rapidity of dilatation of the basal dimension (r = 0.61, p less than 0.01). Thus, this basally-directed blood flow in the left ventricle during the isovolumic relaxation period may be caused by the asynchronous left ventricular dilatation during the isovolumic period.
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PMID:[Paradoxical left ventricular blood flow during the isovolumic relaxation period in non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Doppler and M-mode echocardiographic study]. 209 64

Serial two-dimensional echocardiographic and thallium-201 scintigraphic findings are described in a patient with acute myocarditis diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy. On the 4th day of illness, just before the onset of congestive heart failure, the echocardiogram showed asymmetric septal hypertrophy (IVS/PW = 16 mm/10 mm = 1.6) and thallium-201 scintigram showed the ventricular septal thickening. On the 8th day of illness, when severe congestive heart failure was seen, asymmetric septal hypertrophy disappeared (IVS/PW = 8 mm/8 mm = 1.0), the left ventricle dilated markedly (LVDd = 63 mm), and the wall motion became poor (EF = 0.24). After one month, when congestive heart failure and clinical inflammatory findings disappeared, the contractility somewhat improved (EF = 0.43), although marked left ventricular dilatation remained. Thallium-201 scintigram showed some scattered persistent perfusion defects, thinning of the ventricular septal thickening, and dilatation of the left ventricle. The right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy revealed the histologic findings of the late stage of acute myocarditis. It is concluded that transient thickening of the ventricular wall may represent early changes in acute myocarditis.
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PMID:Reversible asymmetric septal hypertrophy in acute myocarditis. Serial findings of two-dimensional echocardiogram and thallium-201 scintigram. 316 41

There is increasing interest in the notion that some patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) progress to morphological and functional manifestations similar to those of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). From 165 consecutive patients with HCM, 20 patients with left ventricular dilatation (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter greater than or equal to 50 mm) were selected and designated as dilated HCM. The diagnosis of HCM was established in these patients either by detection of the classical form of HCM in family members, with 2-dimensional echocardiographic evidence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH; septal thickness greater than or equal to 15 mm and a ratio of septal to posterior wall thickness greater than or equal to 1.3); or by demonstrating myocardial fiber disarray in autopsy or biopsy samples. The clinical manifestations of these patients with dilated HCM were then compared with those of other forms of HCM without left ventricular dilatation; 1) 40 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) who had resting intraventricular pressure gradients of 20 mmHg or more, 2) 80 patients with non-obstructive HCM, each of whom had ASH of the entire ventricular septum (typical ASH), and 3) 25 non-obstructive patients whose hypertrophy was localized to the apical region of the ventricular septum (apical ASH). Patients having apical hypertrophy with a spade-like configuration on the left ventriculogram were excluded from the study. Compared with HOCM and typical ASH groups, the patients with dilated HCM had family histories of significantly more frequent HCM and less frequent hypertension. The patients with dilated HCM also had significantly less fractional shortening (FS), decreased interventricular septal thickness, greater left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and left ventricular dilatation. During the follow-up period (average: 3.5 years), seven patients (35%) with dilated HCM died; five from congestive heart failure (CHF), one suddenly, and one three days following mitral valve replacement. The other five patients had CHF at the time of their follow-up examination. The patients with apical ASH had clinical features similar to those of dilated HCM; a higher familial frequency, less marked septal hypertrophy, and higher LVEDP. They tended to develop left ventricular dilatation, associated with reduced fractional shortening, although left ventricular diameter at end-diastole did not exceed 50 mm. These findings suggested that dilated HCM is not a rare condition. It is observed in 12% of consecutive patients with HCM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dilatation]. 324 61

Asymmetric septal hypertrophy with abnormal thallium scintigram and elevated cardiac enzymes were observed in five patients and were studied with special reference to the clinical significance of their clinicopathological features. They were not familial cardiomyopathy patients. Two of the five patients (Cases 1 and 2) exhibited the clinical features characteristic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without abnormal thallium perfusion and serum cardiac enzyme levels. A right endomyocardial biopsy for Case 1 disclosed myocardial fibrosis in addition to hypertrophy and disarray of myocardial fibers. The left ventricular cavities of two other patients (Cases 4 and 5) tended to be dilated with signs of impaired systolic function and asymmetric septal hypertrophy. A regional area of reduced thickness was observed in the medial portion of the left ventricular posterior wall of Case 4. The remaining case (Case 3) exhibited left ventricular dilatation and reduced left ventricular systolic function, disproportionate hypertrophy, and had clinical signs of congestive heart failure. Necropsy disclosed massive fibrosis and diffuse disarray of myocardial fibers. Some patients with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy progress to exhibit clinical features of dilated cardiomyopathy in the terminal stages, and have massive fibrosis of the myocardium histologically. Thallium scintigraphic abnormalities and elevated serum levels of cardiac enzymes, especially the LDH1 isoenzyme, in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be a meaningful indicator of such progression in its early stages. The five patients in the present study exhibited a variety of clinical and histological features which may comprise a spectrum of clinical conditions during the progression from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to a condition like dilated cardiomyopathy, similar to that in familial patients. This progression and the factors promoting it should be studied further in the near future.
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PMID:[Asymmetric septal hypertrophy of sporadic form with abnormal thallium perfusion and myocardial enzymes]. 376 Jun 18

We used echocardiography to study anatomic and functional changes of the heart in 25 patients with acromegaly. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy was found in 10 patients, in the range of 12 to 30 mm, with an average of 16 mm. The degree of septum-thickness was severe in 1 case, marked in 5 cases and mild in 4 cases. Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 1 patient. In 8 patients the left ventricle was normal and left ventricular dilatation of more than 60 mm was present in 6 cases. Except in one patient, the ejection fraction was decreased in the dilated group, indicating diminished myocardial contractility. The growth hormone level was higher in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy as compared to those patients with normal or dilated left ventricles. In acromegaly primary myocardial hypertrophy may be related to the growth hormone level.
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PMID:The heart in acromegaly: an echocardiographic study. 622 Sep 83

M-mode echocardiography was performed on 43 maintenance hemodialysis patients and 3 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Only seven patients had completely normal echocardiograms. Nine patients (20%) had pericardial effusions and 20 patients (44%) had left ventricular dilatation. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 26 patients (57%): in 18 patients this took the form of concentric hypertrophy and in 8 patients there was asymmetric septal hypertrophy. Left ventricular function was depressed in 12 patients (27%). Left ventricular dilatation was more common in patients with multiple vascular accesses, who also tended to have lower hematocrit values. Left ventricular hypertrophy tended to be more common in patients with prolonged hypertension and with excessive inter-dialytic weight gains. Younger patients and those who had been on dialysis for a longer period had less cardiac abnormalities, suggesting that chronic dialysis might reverse these changes. Echocardiography was more sensitive than chest X-ray and ECG in detecting clinically unsuspected abnormalities and provides useful information in the overall evaluation of maintenance dialysis patients.
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PMID:Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac size and function in dialysis patients. 622 87

In order to clarify the prognosis of myocarditis and the relationship between myocarditis and idiopathic cardiomyopathy, 20 patients with myocarditis (one with Coxsackie B; one with rubella and 18 with idiopathic myocarditis) were followed up for a long period using echocardiography and Holter electrocardiographic monitoring. The follow-up period was 49.1 +/- 39.3 months (mean +/- SD). Subjects were classified into the following 4 groups according to their prognoses, left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions (LVDd) and the presence of absence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias: Group I with a fatal prognosis, Group II with LVDd greater than or equal to 55 mm, Group III with LVDd less than 55 mm but associated with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, and Group IV with LVDd less than 55 mm and with no life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Patients of Group I (2 cases) had a marked left ventricular dilatation and a poor left ventricular function just before death. Patients of Group II (5 cases) had left ventricular and left atrial dilatation, and 2 of them had serious ventricular arrhythmias. All 3 patients of Group III had ventricular arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardias, coupled premature ventricular contractions and multifocal premature ventricular contractions, respectively), and 2 of them had asymmetric septal hypertrophy. All 10 patients of Group IV had no residual cardiac abnormalities. In conclusion, 50% of 20 myocarditis patients had residual cardiac abnormalities; 6 patients (2 of Group I and 4 of Group II) were complicated by left ventricular dilatation, simulating dilated cardiomyopathy, and 3 (one of Group II and 2 of Group III) showed asymmetric septal hypertrophy, simulating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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PMID:A long-term follow-up study of acute viral and idiopathic myocarditis. 631 85

Findings in 20 patients with congestive, in 14 with hypertrophic and in one with restrictive cardiomyopathy are described. In congestive cardiomyopathy, there predominated left ventricular dilatation and diffuse hypokinesis with decreased ejection fraction. The main criteria are reported for differentiating it from advanced diffuse ischaemic heart disease. More detailed characterization is presented of the type of asymmetric septal hypertrophy and of the systolic anterior motion of the mitral apparatus and the possible causes of this finding are discussed. In a patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy there predominated a symmetric thickening of the left ventricle, with diffusely decreased kinetics and increased density of all structures.
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PMID:Possibilities of two-dimensional echocardiography in cardiomyopathies. 653 93


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