Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0264733 (ventricular dilatation)
 2,163 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present a case with brain abscess associated with entrapment of the lateral ventricle appearing more like remarkable brain edema in the temporo-occipital lobe than ventricular dilatation. A 72-year-old man suffering from headache and vomiting visited our clinic. CT and MRI showed brain abscess in the right parieto-occipital lobe, associated with ventriculitis. Lumbar puncture also revealed purulent meningitis. Both symptoms and CSF findings improved after administration of antibiotics. The improved condition continued for two months after admission, but disturbed consciousness and left hemiparesis than appeared. MRI and CT showed entrapment of the lateral ventricle and brain edema of the right temporo-occipital region without ventricular dilatation. Because brain edema was thought to be caused by transudate of the CSF through the ventricular wall, lobectomy of the right temporal lobe and opening of the temporal horn were carried out. Although left hemiparesis and disturbed consciousness and brain edema disappeared after the operation, subdural effusion appeared. Using a subdural-peritoneal shunt, the subdural effusion was prevented and disappeared. In this case, we thought Hounsfield Unit (HU) of the brain edema caused by transudate of CSF through the ventricular wall (12.6) was markedly lower than that of so-called vasogenic edema (25.1) due to active inflammation. Measurement of the HU seemed to be a useful means to differentiate the types of brain edema in this situation from that of vasogenic edema caused by brain abscess, and thus a means for selection of the appropriate treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Brain abscess and ventriculitis associated with entrapment of the lateral ventricle appearing more like remarkable brain edema than ventricular dilatation--a case report]. 1126 Aug 92

Hydrocephalus may result in loss of tissue associated with neuronal degeneration, axonal damage, and reactive gliosis. The soluble form of the anti-apoptotic regulator Fas (sFas) and the pro-apoptotic factors soluble FasL (sFasL) and activated caspase 3 were studied in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants with hydrocephalus. Fifteen preterm infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus undergoing serial reservoir puncture and seven term or near-term infants with nonhemorrhagic hydrocephalus and shunt surgery were included in the study. Twenty-four age-matched patients with lumbar puncture for the exclusion of meningitis served as controls. Elevated levels of sFas were observed in infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus [median (range), 131 ng/mL (51-279 ng/mL)] and in nonhemorrhagic hydrocephalus [127 ng/mL (35-165 ng/mL)]. sFas concentrations were highest in a subgroup of eight patients with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus developing periventricular leukomalacia [164 ng/mL (76-227 ng/mL)]. In contrast, in 24 control infants, sFas was low, in 15 cases below detection limit (0.5 ng/mL) and in nine cases, 24 ng/mL (20-43 ng/mL). sFasL and activated caspase 3 did not differ from control infants in all groups of patients. Increased intrathecal release of sFas in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants with hydrocephalus may serve as an indicator of brain injury from progressive ventricular dilatation.
 ...
PMID:Soluble Fas (CD95/Apo-1), soluble Fas ligand, and activated caspase 3 in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants with posthemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic hydrocephalus. 1286

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) or, more precisely, chronic adult hydrocephalus, is a complex condition. Even if the basic mechanism is found in an impediment to CSF absorption, the underlying pathology is heterogeneous. In secondary NPH, the disruption of normal CSF pathways, following meningitis or sub-arachnoid haemorrhage, is responsible for ventricular dilatation. However, in about half of the cases, the etiology remains obscure. NPH is more frequently found in elderly people, probably in relation with the increased incidence of cerebrovascular disease. The diagnosis of NPH is based upon a triad of clinical symptoms. The main symptom is gait disturbances, followed by urinary incontinence and various degree of cognitive changes. The latter two symptoms are not prerequisites for the diagnosis. Radiological ventricular dilatation without cortical sulcal enlargement is a key factor, as well as substantial clinical improvement after CSF withdrawal (CSF tap test). Other CSF dynamic studies and various imaging investigations have been proposed to improve diagnostic accuracy, but no simple test can predict the results of CSF drainage. The current treatment is ventriculo-peritonial shunting, ideally using an adjustable valve. Results are directly dependent upon the accuracy of the preoperative diagnosis. Post-surgical complications may be observed in about 10% of cases.
 ...
PMID:["Normal pressure" hydrocephalus]. 1581 26

Meningoencephalitis in neonatal congenital syphilis (CS) is a difficult diagnosis because of the limitation of standard cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests. This limitation means that new markers in CSF tests are needed to establish whether meningitis is present in presumptive cases of CS. beta2-Microglobulin (beta2-m) is raised in CSF recovered from neonates with central nervous system (CNS) infections, but it does not correlate with cellular count or proteins in the CSF. We present a preterm newborn with symptomatic CS. First-day CSF showed 50 cells/mm3, protein of 220 mg/dL and a beta2-m concentration of 16.9 mg/dL (normal <2.25 mg/dL). Serial determinations of beta2-m showed a marked reduction (76%) after 10 days of appropriate treatment. At 30 days of life, beta2-m was already within the normal range (1.8 mg/dL). Cerebral ultrasonography showed ventricular dilatation, moderate periventricular echogenicity, subependimal hemorrhages, and linear hyperechoic areas in the thalamus and basal ganglia. We suggest that beta2-microglobulin is very useful in the diagnosis of CNS involvement and in monitoring the response to treatment. In addition, infants with CS may exhibit CNS imaging findings similar to those observed in other intrauterine CNS infections.
 ...
PMID:Congenital syphilis: beta2-microglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid and diagnosis of neurosyphilis in an affected newborn. 1584 21

A 69-year-old woman presented with anorexia, fever, and vomiting. The patient was not a compromised host. She was finally diagnosed with <i>Listeria</i> meningitis and treated with ampicillin and gentamicin. However, her condition worsened over time. Non-contrast head CT showed ventricular dilatation. As a result, continuous right ventricular drainage was performed. Non-contrast MRI revealed hydrocephalus due to stenosis of the fourth ventricle. She underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy(ETV)to improve cerebrospinal fluid circulation. This procedure achieved a good result. The efficacy of ETV for post-infectious hydrocephalus has not been proven, but previous cases suggest that ETV would be effective in non-communicating hydrocephalus, even if it were a result of neuroinfection.
...
PMID:[A Case of Hydrocephalus in <i>Listeria</i> Meningitis Treated by Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy]. 2760 78

A female infant underwent myelomeningocele repair and developed persistent ventricular dilatation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indices demonstrated meningitis with cultures growing Mycoplasma hominis. The infant was treated with multiple antibiotics including moxifloxacin. Moxifloxacin CSF levels were obtained for pharmacokinetic analysis. This case report adds the importance of understanding the pharmacokinetics of CSF moxifloxacin levels among infants.
 ...
PMID:The Pharmacokinetics of Moxifloxacin in Cerebrospinal Fluid Following Intravenous Administration: A Report of Successfully Treated Infant with Mycoplasma hominis Meningitis. 3219 73

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (E. meningoseptica ) are Gram-negative bacteria commonly associated with nosocomial infections in neonates. This is a case study of E. meningoseptica, presented as meningitis and sepsis in a term baby. The female infant was born by vaginal delivery at 37 weeks gestational age. The case was peculiar because the baby was neither premature nor immuno-compromised, which are known risk factors for E. meningoseptica infection. The onset began on the second day of the neonate's life. On day 3, peripheral blood culture and cerebrospinal fluid findings isolated a gram-negative bacteria identified as E. meningoseptica. The first-line antibiotics therapy was changed to ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and rifampicin, based on the laboratory determination of antimicrobial sensitivity. The patient's clinical condition improved, although post hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation was revealed by imaging studies. Clinicians should possess proper awareness of the antibiotic sensitivity of E. meningoseptica, as it is important in preventing high rates of morbidity and mortality.
 ...
PMID:Early neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by Elizabethkingia meningoseptica in Saudi Arabia. 3260 45


<< Previous 1 2 3