Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0264733 (ventricular dilatation)
 2,163 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of infantile optic glioma involving the whole optic pathway is reported. The patient was a 4-month-old female. The mother noticed that the baby could not follow the object, although her physical development had been apparently normal only until three months after birth. On admission, she was lethargic, although no definite motor weakness was identified. The ophthalmological check revealed delayed bilateral pupillary light reaction and choked disks. Skull X-ray film showed the J-shaped sella and the enlarged bilateral optic canals. CT scan also revealed an isodensity mass in the suprasellar cistern and enlarged bilateral optic nerves. The lesions were enhanced homogeneously with contrast medium and extended toward both optic radiations. Lateral ventricles were mildly dilated. Cerebral angiography showed the upward shift of A1-portion of the bilateral anterior cerebral arteries and the backward shift of the basilar artery. No abnormal vessels were visible. A bifrontal craniotomy was performed to partially remove the suprasellar tumor. The histological diagnosis was optic glioma. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged without any neurological deficits except poor visual acuity. Four months later, she suddenly fell into generalized convulsion. CT scan revealed the significant enlargement of residual tumor and ventricular dilatation. Surgical treatment of VP shunt was immediately performed on, and then irradiation of 4,000 rad of total dose to the tumor followed. The tumor size became definitively small. On a follow-up term of 15 months, the patient has been doing well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Infantile optic glioma involving the whole optic pathway--a case report]. 372 75

A case of cryptococcosis simulating brain tumor was reviewed. A 66-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with chief complaint of vertigo, gait disturbance and dysarthria. These symptoms started about one year before admission and worsened. Vomiting and urinary incontinence appeared. Neurological examination revealed left cerebellar ataxia and dysarthria. In plain CT (computerized tomography) irregular ill-defined low density area was noted in the cerebellar vermis and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. And slight ventricular dilatation was found. Irregular shape of ring-like enhancement corresponding to capsule and patchy or mottled enhancement inside the tumor were seen. Suboccipital craniectomy was performed and yellowish necrotic tumor with hard capsule was removed. Histological diagnosis was not neoplasm or tuberculoma. Postoperatively liver function progressively worsened. She died due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Autopsy revealed typical liver cirrhosis without malignant change. 3.0 X 2.5 cm sized, slightly hard, yellowish lesion was found on upper part of cerebellar hemispheres. This had extremely necrotic tissue and a great number of cryptococcus neoformans were found. And other intracranial lesion was not confirmed. Finding of pulmonary cryptococcosis was not gained. Our case is very rare because of solitary cerebellar abscess and absence of meningitic episode or pulmonary cryptococcosis. There are three types of inflammation in cerebral cryptococcosis. The commonest manifestation is the meningitic type, the second mode is granulomatous lesion and the third and the least presentation is intracranial abscess formation. CT reveals various findings according to clinical stage. CT findings are those of meningitis, meningoencephalitis, granuloma and abscess. Cryptococcal granuloma or abscess often simulates brain abscess, glioma and metastatic brain tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of cerebral cryptococcosis, with special reference to computerized tomography findings]. 646 65

Recently extension of malignant glioma to the spinal cord (meningeal gliomatosis: MG) has been described with increasing frequency as the advancement of the therapy for brain tumor. However, the study for clinicopathological features of MG has not been established and its therapy has still been difficult. We tried to produce experimental models of MG using nude mice and study experimental immunotherapy with human monoclonal antibody (CLN-IgG MoAb). U87-SC1 human glioma cells (5 x 10(5) in 20 microliters) were inoculated transcutaneously into the cisterna magna of BALB/c nu/nu mice using a 27-gage needle. Daily weights, neurological findings and survival time were examined. MRI scan was performed after neurological deterioration and histological examination was also performed after death. CLN-IgG MoAb was used for treatment and 15 nude mice which were inoculated with tumor cells into the cisterna magna (Day 0) were divided into three groups of 5 mice each. Group A was control group which received saline into the cisterna magna, Group B and C received 50 micrograms of CLN-IgG into the cisterna magna on Day 2 or Day 7 following inoculation of tumor cells. Efficacy of experimental immunotherapy was statistically evaluated by the difference of median survival time (MST) among three groups. All of the nude mice lost weight within 4 or 5 days after inoculation of tumor cells and developed paraplegia or tetraplegia with incontinence and died. MRI of the nude mice which showed neurological deteriorations revealed ventricular dilatation, infiltration of tumor cells to the spinal cord and spread of tumor cells into the subarachnoid space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Experimental study on immunotherapy of meningeal gliomatosis with monoclonal antibody]. 847 56

To determine the frequency and nature of MRI lesions in children with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), 50 patients aged 8 to 16 years were evaluated prospectively with cranial MRI. Forty-one children were asymptomatic with respect to central nervous system pathology, and 50% were macrocephalic. Sixteen patients (32%) had normal MRI examinations. Thirty-two patients (64%) had high intensity lesions on T2-weighted images and 16 patients (32%) had hyperintense lesions on T1-weighted images. Seven patients (14%) had ventricular dilatation (associated with increased intracranial pressure in 2) and 11 patients (22%) had optic pathway lesions (optic glioma in 7). MRI was superior to CT in differentiating optic sheath thickening and optic nerve tortuosity from optic glioma in four patients. An intracranial tumour (ependymoma) and sphenoid wing dysplasia were evident in individual patients. Findings previously unreported in NF1 included an aqueductal web resulting in hydrocephalus, intraocular neurofibroma resulting in retinal detachment, and asymptomatic enlargement of the septum pellucidum. T1 and T2 signal abnormalities in isolation were not associated with neurological deficits or the occurrence of macrocephaly, and all lesions that required intervention were suspected clinically. Macrocephaly in the absence of increased intracranial pressure or accelerated head growth is not an indication for neuroimaging in children with NF1. However, the majority of children (68%) had disease-specific abnormalities and thus MRI may provide a useful adjunct to clinical evaluation in the diagnosis of equivocal cases.
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PMID:MRI findings in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: a prospective study. 866 66

The authors evaluated the impact of hydrocephalus on the clinical picture of children with visual pathway tumor (VPT) with or without neurofibromatosis (NF). Charts of children with VPT treated in the authors' center since 1985 were retrospectively reviewed, and those with hydrocephalus were selected and summarized. Thirty-five children with VPT were found, of whom 20 had NF. Hydrocephalus was found in 4 children with NF (20%) and in 5 without NF (33.3%). In 6 of the children, ventricular dilatation with signs of acute increased intracranial pressure already existed at the time of diagnosis and the hydrocephalus was shunted at this time. In the other 3 children, all with NF, the hydrocephalus resulted from slowly developing aqueductal stenosis, leading in 2 to severe visual acuity deterioration. The results suggest that in children with VPT and NF, hydrocephalus, and especially hydrocephalus resulting from aqueductal stenosis, is more frequent than in the general population of NF patients, and less frequent than in VPT patients without NF. The possibility of the indolent development of hydrocephalus should be borne in mind while following children with NF. The optic nerve, when already involved with a glioma, is more vulnerable to increased pressure. Thus, in children with VPT and NF, any ventricular dilatation should lead to a consideration of early shunting.
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PMID:Visual pathway tumors and hydrocephalus. 1098 66

Thirty one patients with thalamic glioma underwent a pre-tumour resection shunt surgery. The procedure was uneventful in 23 patients with relief from symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Eight patients worsened after the procedure. The level of sensorium worsened from excessively drowsy state to unconsciousness in seven patients. Three patients developed hemiparesis, 4 developed paresis of extra-ocular muscles and altered pupillary reflexes, and 1 developed incontinence of urine and persistent vomiting. Alteration in the delicately balanced intracranial pressure and movements in the tumour and vital adjacent brain areas could be the probable cause of the worsening in the neurological state in these 8 patients. On the basis of these observations and on review of literature, it is postulated that the ventricular dilatation following an obstruction in the path of the cerebrospinal fluid flow by a tumour could be a natural defense phenomenon of the brain.
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PMID:Preoperative shunts in thalamic tumours. 1114 99

We would like to report a rare case of pontine glioma with unusual neuroimaging features. The patient was a 3-year-old girl who suffered from chronic nausea and gait disturbance for several months. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated ventricular dilatation, and ventricular peritoneal (VP) shunt was performed for idiopathic hydrocephalus at another hospital. Fever of unknown origin continued for a month after the VP shunt. At our hospital, cerebrospinal fluid examination showed bacterial meningitis, and it was assumed that shunt infection lead to shunt failure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hydrocephalus and pontine swelling, and serial MRI suggested brainstem tumor extending to the bilateral thalamus. The patient underwent stereotactic biopsy of the left thalamic tumor, under general anesthesia, and the histological diagnosis was anaplastic astrocytoma. Diffuse pontine glioma rarely increases without cranial nerve deficits. In the present case, pontine glioma extended to the bilateral thalamus symmetrically. It was difficult to diagnose the presented lesion as pontine glioma in the early period because of its unusual neuroimaging.
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PMID:[A case of pontine astrocytoma with unusual neuroimaging features]. 1988 61

Subependymoma is a rare low-grade glioma of the central nervous system that is often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. If symptomatic, however, its clinical features vary widely. We report and discuss the management of five surgical patients (two males and three females, 27-65 years old). All tumors developed supratentorially around the foramen of Monro, and their diameters ranged from 18 mm to 90 mm. Of the three symptomatic patients, one presented with sudden loss of consciousness despite having only a small tumor, while in contrast, another patient showed only gradual memory disturbance despite having a very large tumor (90 mm diameter). Two patients were asymptomatic but had ventricular dilatation. Gross total resection was achieved via either a transcortical (three patients) or an anterior transcallosal approach (two patients). No recurrence was observed during follow-up. We concluded that as surgery is the only curative treatment for subependymoma, and even a small tumor can present with sudden deterioration, we recommend early and total resection.
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PMID:Clinical features and management of five patients with supratentorial subependymoma. 2003 55

We report four cases of communicating hydrocephalus, requiring shunt placement, in the subset of patients whose ventricles were breached at the time of glioma resection (a total 97 cases over 3 years). The hydrocephalus in these cases presented without ventricular dilatation on computed tomography (CT) scanning, and in 3 cases without headache. Failure to progress, visual deterioration or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in the post-operative patient after tumour resection with ventricular opening should alert clinicians to the possibility of hydrocephalus, despite the absence of headache or ventriculomegaly, and lumbar puncture should be performed without delay.
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PMID:Atypical presentation of delayed communicating hydrocephalus after supratentorial glioma resection with opening of the ventricles. 2197 62