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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Total laryngectomy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma means a drastic change in the way of living for a patient. New surgical techniques such as laser surgery attempt to save the voice. To be oncologically correct, an accurate assessment of the tumor extent is necessary. Imaging is especially important in determining tumor extent in the regions where conventional and endoscopic ENT examinations are less accurate. Correlations of CT, in vivo MRI and pathological findings after surgery have demonstrated that MRI is more sensitive than CT, but that it overestimates the degree of cartilage invasion. Cartilage invasion is believed to be a contraindication to radiation therapy and voice-sparing surgery. In a prospective study, Gd-enhanced in vitro MRI of 10 total laryngectomy specimens was correlated with subsequent pathological examination. Good correlation of the anatomical relationships of the tumor between the in vitro images and gross pathology were found. Important is the absence of false negatives in our study, indicating that cartilage invasion can be ruled out when a normal signal intensity on in vitro MRI of the cartilage is seen. This has important oncological implications for partial voice-sparing laryngeal surgery.
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PMID:Patterns of framework invasion in patients with laryngeal cancer: correlation of in vitro magnetic resonance imaging and pathological findings. 987 Jun 40

A 22-year-old male presented with a submandibular cystic mass in the ENT Clinic of Berlin-Buch. Histopathology revealed a dystopic papillary carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct cyst. Worldwide only about 150 cases are known. We describe our diagnostic and therapeutic procedures employed and included tumor excision, bilateral neck dissections and total thyroidectomy. No abnormalities in the thyroid gland but a metastatic carcinoma was uncovered in an ipsilateral lymph node in the jugular foramen area. A preoperative (99) Tc-thyroid scan and MRI study had not shown any evidence for a malignant tumor. The therapeutic approach advocated in literature is controversial but the intraoperative findings in our patient supported our decision to choose a relatively radical but not mutilating therapy.
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PMID:[Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in a thyroglossal duct cyst with metastasis to an ipsilateral cervical lymph node]. 1050 3

The radiologic exploration of the paranasal cavities are one of the main exams when ENT is dealing with a sinus pathology. CT scan, MRI, angiography of the paranasal cavities are now easily available to explore the different pathologies including infection, chronic rhinosinusitis or tumors. The authors report their experiences with these exams, to suggest guidelines and recommendations to obtain the best radiologic management of the sinus pathologies.
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PMID:[Radiology and pathologies of the paranasal cavities]. 1054 76

We are concerned in this paper with learning classification procedures from known cases. More precisely, we provide a diagnostic model that discriminate between cerebellum-pontine angle (CPA) tumors and otorhinolaryngological (ENT) disorders. Usually, in order to distinguish between CPA tumors and ENT disorders one must perform clinical-neurological examination together with expensive radiological imagery (CT and MRI). The proposed model was obtained through artificial intelligence methods and presented a good accuracy level (88.4%) when tested against new cases, considering only clinical examination without radiological imagery results.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of cerebellum-pontine angle tumors using artificial intelligence techniques]. 1077 Aug 67

The osteoplastic frontal sinus surgery with obliteration of the sinus has been established in the therapy of frontal sinus diseases that can not be drainaged permanently or healed through an endonasal access. The obliteration of the frontal sinus is endangered in cases of multiple fracturing of the posterior frontal sinus wall or if it has been destroyed by an inflammatory process. In these problematic cases obliteration bears the danger of complications and cranialization of the frontal sinus is therefore the method of choice. We review 8 patients who were operated on using the cranialization technique. Indications for surgery were a combined fracture of the anterior and posterior frontal sinus wall (3), a pyocele of the frontal sinus with extensive destruction of the posterior wall (4) and a large osteoma of the posterior frontal sinus wall (1). The frontal sinus was exposed through a coronal incision, the mucosa and the posterior wall were completely removed and the frontal sinus obliterated with fat tissue. The anterior sinus wall was replaced after obliteration of the sinus or reconstructed with calvarian bone transplants. The follow up period was 1.8 years (11 months to 8 years). All patients underwent postoperatively a clinical ENT-examination and radiological assessment by CT-Scan or MRI. The overall functional and esthetic outcome was excellent. There were no serious complications nor any recurrence. The cranialization of the frontal sinus is a reliable and safe variation of the classical osteoplastic frontal sinus surgery with fat obliteration.
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PMID:[Cranialization of the frontal sinus. Indications, technique and results]. 1087 16

Primary systemic vasculitities play an important role in the differential diagnosis of systemic diseases. They can be classified according to newly developed classification criteria. In the past, systemic vasculitities were more diagnosed in the general phase of the disease. In the meantime limited forms can be diagnosed more easily. Prior to immunosuppressive therapy, a standardized staging-procedure is essential to define the extent of the disease. Therefore a program was established using methods that are easy to apply in all patients. In this setting the usefulness of this approach was investigated. Apart from the laboratory tests including antibody testing, the chest x-ray, consultation of the ENT specialist, ultrasound of the abdomen, and ECG were also very useful. The eye and neurological investigations, and the MRI of the head were of minor significance, but also important.
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PMID:[Relevance of a standardized staging study in patients with systemic vasculitis]. 1092 47

Diagnosis of cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex has become easier today with new imaging techniques such as MRI and CT. The therapy of choice is surgery, which is still considered a delicate procedure. The objective is to demonstrate hearing-preserving excision and drainage of cholesterol granulomas of the petrous apex using the Bernese system of computer-assisted navigation surgery. Between 1995 and 1999, 3 patients with severe temporal headache, tinnitus and nonspecific vertigo had surgery for cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex with drainage and excision in the University ENT Clinic, Berne. In the first patient, a combined transmastoidal and transtemporal approach was adopted with infralabyrinthine and subcochlear partial petrosectomy and extirpation of the granuloma in the petrous apex (surgery time 7 h). In the following 2 patients computer-assisted navigation surgery was used and transmastoidal infralabyrinthine-subcochlear drainage and excision of the granuloma in the petrous apex was performed after antefacial hypotympanal drilling with partial exposure of the internal carotid artery (surgery time 2.5 h). After surgery patients were rapidly releaved of symptoms. Postoperative CT showed the newly aerated cells in the petrous apex with permanent drainage. Hearing was preserved with slight residual conductive loss. The surgical method of choice for hearing-preserving excision and drainage is made through an infralabyrinthine-subcochlear approach. The application of computer-assisted navigation surgery in the lateral skull base allows permanent intraoperative monitoring of the precise position of the microsurgical instruments (accuracy < 1 mm) giving a high security level for minimally invasive function preserving surgery.
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PMID:[Excision and drainage of cholesterol granulomas of the petrous apex with preservation of hearing under computer-assisted navigation surgery (CANS)]. 1114 44

Vascular compression syndrome is the term used to classify a group of conditions though to be caused by the compression of cranial nerve by vessel. In the most cases the contact of vascular loop formed by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) with the eight and facial nerve correlated with unilateral auditory symptoms or hemifacial spasms. The vascular compression syndrome of vestibulocochlear nerve in 8 patients treated in I ENT Clinic of Silesian Academy and MRI Department in Katowice was observed. All patients were otologic findings such as a tone audiometry, ENG, ABR and radiological diagnostics included MRI and angio MRI. The prospective analysis was performed. The results suggest that the unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, vestibular disorders and positive findings on magnetic resonance imaging are the most reliable evidence for the presence neurovascular compression syndrome of the eight cranial nerve. The MRI and otologic studies provided quite detailed information about topography of relationship between the blood vessels and cranial nerves in the crebellopontine cistern.
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PMID:[Vascular compression syndrome of the vestibulocochlear nerve--otolaryngologic and radiologic diagnosis]. 1126 89

The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess during two periods (1991-1995 and 1996-2000) if MRI spreading had changed: (1) private ENT physicians screening habits; (2) the average tumor size at the time of diagnosis and the diagnostic delay of acoustic neuroma; and (3) the cost of acoustic neuroma diagnosis. In addition, the sensibility of each diagnostic test was calculated on 151 tumors. Our results show no significant change neither in the screening strategy (except a mild decrease in CT-scan utilization) nor in the tumor size, diagnostic delay or diagnostic cost between the two periods. Even if MRI is the gold standard for acoustic neuroma diagnosis, our 86%-sensibility of ABR, increased to 99% if combined with stapedial reflex and caloric test may still incline to use ABR in selected cases.
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PMID:[Contribution and Cost-Effectiveness of ABR and MRI in Acoustic Neuroma screening. Retrospective Study of 151 Cases]. 1201 90

900 patients with tinnitus were treated between January 1998 and August 2000 in ENT Rehabilitation Center in Poznan. Unilateral tinnitus was observed in more than 50% of the patients. In all the patients a history was taken paying a special attention to the loudness estimation by the patient and to the influence of the tinnitus on the everyday life. Laryngological, audiological and neurological examinations and laboratory tests were performed. In some cases endocrinological examination was performed. In the group of patients with unilateral tinnitus a special attention was paid to the possibility of ponto-cerebellar angle tumour. After audiological diagnostics CT or MRI examinations were performed. Authors emphasize, that in patients with unilateral tinnitus a proper observation is required to exclude expansive process within the acoustic nerve.
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PMID:[Unilateral tinnitus--diagnostics and treatment]. 1216 28


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