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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The development of deliberate hypotension for ENT surgery is described. A hitherto unrecorded case of paraplegia complicating hypotensive anaesthesia is reported. The use of sodium nitroprusside as a hypotensive agent is assessed. Indications and contraindications to deliberate hypotension are reviewed. Possible neurological damage is considered.
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PMID:Deliberate hypotension in ENT surgery. 47 89

On the basis of our own experiences and the current literature, the following guidelines were established for the evaluation of scubadivers: 1. The ENT physical examination must include otoscopy and the valsalva manoeuver. The scubadiver should be able to promptly and symmetrically inflate his middle ear spaces. A central perforation is a relative contraindication, while a marginal ear drum perforation is an absolute contraindication for scubadiving. 2. Recommendations to the diver: Ear pressure equalibration should be performed continuously with increasing and decreasing water depth. Ear plugs should never be used. 3. Management of diving injuries: Barotitis should be treated in a manner similar to acute otitis media. Transient vertigo while ascending (alternobaric vertigo) without nystagmus or hearing impairment needs no further vestibular examination. A middle ear exploration is indicated when there is suspicion of a perilymphatic fistula.
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PMID:[Middle and inner ear barotrauma caused by scubadiving (author's transl)]. 52 29

Over 500 ENT diagnoses made by general practitioners when referring patients to one ENT department were examined and compared with the diagnoses by the specialist department. A broad grouping of the categories of referral was made and topics highlighted which seemed particularly appropriate for further postgraduate training for general practitioners.We believe the amount of postgraduate training in ENT currently available to trainees in the UK may be too low and ought to be increased and that this approach offers a logical starting point for constructing educational objectives for such training.
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PMID:An audit of ENT referrals assessing training needs for general practice trainees. 53 81

Most of the hypophyseal adenomas can be removed by extracranial operation techniques. The ENT specialist prepares the approach to the pituitary gland while the neurosurgeon will resect the adenoma after having given the indication for this procedure. In this paper special attention is called to one of the extracranial techniques i.e. the sublabial-transseptal-transsphenoidal approach in hypophysectomy. It seems to be more advantageous than the other because the pituitary gland can be exactly removed oppositely. By that way the damage of the sinus, the carotid artery or the optic nerve can be avoided. The possibility of perforation of the nasal septum, deformation of the nose or atrophic rhinitis is of small importance especially if the otorhinologist will prepare the extracranial part of the operation. Moreover the neurosurgeon meets with a great and clear operation area because the anterior wall of the sella turcica can be resected extremely. Besides further advantages discussed in the paper the transseptal-transsphenoidal approach is rather simple, distinct and shortens the operation time.
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PMID:[The transseptal-transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary gland--a common problem of otorhinolaryngology and neurosurgery (author's transl)]. 54 67

The efficacy and tolerance of the new oral cephalosporin cefaclor was tested in 61 patients treated for a variety of moderate to severe ENT infections which were not expected to undergo a spontaneous remission without antibacterial therapy. The most frequently isolated pathogens were streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. The dosage consisted of 500 mg cefaclor three times daily, and the treatment lasted between 4 and 43 days (average 14 days). In 35 cases, some of whom had already been treated unsuccussfully with another antibiotic, the results were very good. In 22 patients locally applied medicaments or surgery contributed to the good result. In four patients an unequivocal evaluation was not possible or therapy was not successful. The frequently noted rapid response to treatment with cefaclor was impressive. No relapses were recorded. In pharmacokinetic studies a cefaclor concentration of 2.8 mcg/g was obtained in the tonsils 90 minutes after oral administration of 1000 mg. Clinical examinations in 61 patients and a complete range of laboratory tests in 47 patients did not reveal any case of allergic reaction. One patient only complained of nausea and diarrhoea. In two patients temporary low grade thrombopenia and thrombocytosis respectively were observed. In several patients a slight transitory rise in transaminases was seen. Cefaclor thus proved to be an effective and well-tolerated antibiotic. Its indications in the treatment of ENT infections are discussed.
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PMID:[Experience with cefaclor in the treatment of ear, nose and throat infections. Indications for cefaclor therapy (author's transl)]. 55 Oct 89

A patient with a chief complaint of epestaxis coughed persistently during her visit to the emergency room. Questioning revealed she also had vaginal bleeding and occasional bloody sputum. Gynecological examination, a Pap smear, and pathological evaluation showed choriocarinoma. A chest X ray disclosed metastatic pulmonary choriocarcinoma. An ENT examination was carried out and showed a suspected area in the nasal mucosa which was bleeding. A Pap smear and biopsy taken from the suspected area also revealed choriocarcinoma.
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PMID:Metastatic choriocarcinoma of the nasal mucosa. 55 84

The authors discuss briefly the definition of allergy. Then step by step all the stages of a thorough allergic examination of patients with mainly ENT complaints are described with special emphasis on: history, ENT examination, routine laboratory tests (total eosinophil count, nasal smear, skin tests, RIST, RAST) and nose challenge tests. The results of these investigations allow the authors to propose a useful scheme in allergic diagnosis. Finally the therapeutic possibilities in allergic rhinopathy are discussed.
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PMID:Allergy in otorhinolaryngology. 57 27

The rare solitary extramedullary Plasmacytoma is discussed and compared to the more common disseminated form. Based upon the pertinent literature, some diagnostic problems, clinical and pathological features as well as prognostic and therapeutic aspects of the solitary lesion in the ENT field are reviewed. In connection to one personal case, the authors analyze Trotter's Median Labiomandibular Glossotomy.
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PMID:[Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas (author's transl)]. 57 7

Formerly (1969) we have been able to demonstrate that during a lengthy inhibition of the DNA synthesis with 5-fluoro-uracil (FU), cells assemble just before, at the outset of, and within the S-phase. By taking off the inhibition, these cells start off together for the rest of the life cycle and pass the S, G2 and M phase like a wave. By the experimental condition given, the time required for passing the S phase was rather constant for all tissues. It generally took about 8 h. The sensitivity of cells to radiation depends on the current phase of their life cycle. Normally they are highly radiosensitive during the transition from G1 to S phase and within the G2 phase. Therefore we tried to improve the effectiveness of radiotherapy by radiating the synchronized cell population in the G2 phase. In clinical treatment we give an infusion with 1 g FU in 1000 ml 5.4% Glucose for 12 h. 8--9 h after the end of the infusion radiation will be applied (Betatron, individual doses: 500 rad). This treatment will be repeated until a total dose of 5000--6000 rad. Until now nearly 300 cases of patients treated in this way have been published. The 5 year-results show only in about 60% of the patients a fast reduction of the tumor. The long term results are unsatisfactory. Beside many other points the most important reason for these clinical results might be the individual length of the S phase of the tumors which prevents that radiation can be given exactly in G2 phase in each case. With mitotic-index determination, with cytophotometric investigations and the double labelling technique (3H- and 14C-Thymidine) we therefore tried to find an answer to the following questions: 1. How long is the DNA synthesis time in the individual case of human ENT tumors? 2. Does the application of FU influence the length of the S phase? 3. Will the synchronization-degree become higher by using other methods of cell cycle inhibition? With the above mentioned experimental methods we found that the length of the S phase in human tumor spreads from about 8--16 h in the individual case. The application of FU has no influence on DNA synthesis time. By using FU the degree of synchronization is about 2.5 in according to former experimental work and that of other authors. These results will be discussed in detail as well as the conclusion we draw from our experiments: to give radiation not in G2 but in G1/S of the cell cycle. Long-term observation of the patients and further animal experiments shall demonstrate whether this technique of synchronization therapy will improve the clinical results.
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PMID:[Critical reflections to the problem of timing in the synchronization therapy of human malignant tumors. Mitotic-index determination, cytophotometric and radioautographic studies (author's transl)]. 57 2

After more than ten years of experience with the inlaytechnic of tympanoplasties type I at the ENT-department of the University of Freiburg, and evaluating tha datas of 451 consecutive ears operated between 1970 and 1974, this technic proved to be good. The quote of recidive-surgery was about 19.9%. Hearing improved markedly in 80.4% of the patients. Complications like the appearence of Cholesteatoma, lateral migration of the transplant or flatening of the anterior tympanomeatal angle have not been noticed.
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PMID:[Experience with the inlaytechnic of tympanoplasties type I. (author's transl)]. 57 6


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