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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this paper are considered the etiology, the clinical findings and the management of anaesthesia for a certain number of ENT emergencies, situations of respiratory distress which may lead rapidly to death, or be the cause of severe complications, e.g. -haemorrhage (epistaxis or tonsilar haemorrhage, haemorrhage from carcinoma..), -dyspnea of the adult, neonatal dyspnea and dyspnea of infants and children, -foreign bodies, burns and perforations of the esophagus.
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PMID:[Anesthesia and emergencies in otorhinolaryngology]. 1 Aug 20

A technique of anesthesia is considered for laryngoscopy in suspension, and certain acts of surgery of the vocal cords, e.g. myxoma, and of the trachea, e.g. destruction of papillomatosis. The patient is in apnea, unventilated, a catheter brings down to the level of the carena a current of oxygen of 15 liters per minute, the gaseous acidosis is buffered by injections of a solution of molar sodium bicarbonate. After briefly recalling the notions which justify this technique, its repercussion on homeostasis is studied by arterial gasometry. General anaesthesia with apneic oxygenation may offer the ENT surgeon increased possibilities of exploration and operation at the level of the larynx and trachea, but owing to its biological consequences, it should be used only with circumspection and its indications should be totally justified, for acts of limited duration. The technique seems, at present, difficult to adapt to surgery with laser.
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PMID:[Apneic anesthesia in unventilated patients for various operations and explorations in laryngotracheal surgery]. 1 87

Anesthesia, during suspension laryngoscopy should permit the ENT surgeon to work in a field without the hindrance of an intra-tracheal tube, and with a calm larynx. After rapid review of anesthesias of brief duration, which are eliminated, several techniques of anesthesia of variable duration are discussed. Neuroleptanalgesia is nevertheless exclused owing to the environmental conditions necessary for its use. Gamma OH was reserved for patients in poor general health, and gave satisfaction. Alfatisine was used here and procured anesthesia of good quality, with minimal respiratory depression, provided a precise protocol is respected, but one cannot hope for success of suspension laryngoscopy without local anesthesia in addition.
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PMID:[Choice of anesthesia technic for suspension larygoscopy]. 1 94

A retrospective study over a period of 10 years, involving different hospital departments, revealed a total of 26 patients with post-intubation and/or post-prolonged tracheotomy stenosis which required surgical treatment. Predisposing factors included poor general condition, infection, iatrogenic factors related to intensive therapy (respiration, inadequate nursing) and the duration. Stenosis were situated from the sub-glottis to the carina. After surgical treatment, there were ten cases of restenosis, two multiple, and one inflammatory granuloma. Intubation may be life-saving, but must be performed by an individual competent in the procedure, under strictly aseptic conditions, and using non-traumatic disposable material. The patient should undergo thorough ENT examination at the time of extubation, repeated one month and six months later.
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PMID:[26 cases of tracheal stenosis after prolonged intubation or tracheotomy. Personal retrospective study]. 2 2

Thiamine deficiency in the chronic alcoholic would appear to have a triple origin: inadequate intake, absorption and utilisation. Its consequences are well known: peripheral neuropathy, WERNICKE and KORSAKOFF type encephalopathies and cardiac problems (with asystole at the extreme). The active principle of thiamine, TPP or cocarboxylase, is involved as a coenzyme of pyruvate decarboxylase and of alphaketoglutarate decarboxylase in the ocidative decarboxylation reactions of the Krebs cycle. TPP is involved as a coenzyme of transketolase in the transketolisation reactions of the pentose pathway. The stimation of transketolase demonstrates a deficiency in thiamine. Fourteen patients suffering from surgical ENT malignancies were involved in the present study. Seven patients received vitamin B therapy before and after the operation. The results showed a significant decrease in thiamine deficiency. Seven were used as controls and did not receive vitamin B therapy. Transketolase estimations showed and increase in the deficiency. Thiamine deficiency exists in the chronic alcoholic and may be corrected by the administration of B vitamins.
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PMID:[Thiamine deficiency in chronic alcoholics. Value of pre- and postoperative treatment]. 2 27

Each stage of life is characterized by the prevalence of certain affections; among others, inflammatory diseases of the ear, nose and throat are frequent in old age. Therefore, specific problems of chemotherapy in old age are dealt with in general terms in the introduction, with special stress being placed on the functions of individual organs, mainly of the kidneys, and on questions of disturbed absorption. Inflammations caused by streptococci, requiring at least ten days of antibiotic treatment, always deserve particular attention, and so do staphyloccocal diseases, requiring the selective administration of semi-synthetic pencillines (sioxazol preparations). Penicillin is still the first choice among all antibiotics, penicillin substitutes, to be used in case of allergies, are listed according to their order of value. As anaerobic germs may also be present in the ENT area, the effective modern therapy by means of special antibiotics is also referred to. Finally, due consideration is given to local antibiotic therapy, with an emphasis on the ototoxicity of chemotherapeutical agents, such as amino-glycosides.
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PMID:[A meaningful antibiotic therapy of diseases of the ear, nose and throat in old age (author's transl)]. 3 Mar 29

Optimal growth conditions have been established for production of heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) by both porcine and human strains of enterotoxigenic (ENT(+)) Escherichia coli. There were no unusual growth factor requirements, and some strains produced fairly high levels of LT in a basal salts medium containing 0.5% glucose if the pH was carefully controlled. Several amino acids markedly stimulated LT synthesis when added to the basal salts-glucose medium. Methionine and lysine were the most stimulatory for both human and porcine strains. Either aspartic acid or glutamic acid further enhanced LT synthesis in the presence of methionine and lysine, with aspartic acid being more stimulatory for porcine strains and glutamic acid more stimulatory for human strains. There were no apparent vitamin requirements and no unusual cations needed for toxin synthesis except that Fe(3+) was slightly stimulatory for porcine strains. The stimulation by Fe(3+) was observed only in the presence of the three amino acids, suggesting that the effect was indirect rather than on toxin synthesis. The carbon source also influenced the yield of LT. Glucose supported maximal synthesis, but other carbon sources which exhibit a high degree of catabolite repression also supported high levels of synthesis. Little or no LT was released below pH 7.0; therefore, because the pH drops during growth from 7.5 to 6.8, even in highly buffered media, it was necessary to adjust the pH to 8.0 to effect complete release of cell-associated toxin. The defined medium containing three amino acids reduced the amount of UV-absorbing material in culture supernatants about fivefold and increased LT activity for various strains from two- to fivefold over a complex Casamino Acids-yeast extract medium. Conditions found to be optimal for synthesis of LT were inhibitory for the heat-stable enterotoxin.
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PMID:Nutritional requirements for synthesis of heat-labile enterotoxin by enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli. 3

Subacute thyroiditis is often unrecognized and patients may be treated for pharyngitis, laryngitis, otitis media or similar disorders connected with otolaryngology. It is conceivable that these patients may seek treatment in ENT departments. The difficulties encountered in making a correct diagnosis are illustrated here on the basis of 12 consecutive cases. Eight of these patients were initially misdiagnosed resulting in useless therapy. Subacute thyroiditis is a self-limiting illness, and permanent myxoedema is rare. Nevertheless, one case with this sequela is reported.
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PMID:Subacute thyroiditis. A diagnosis in otolaryngology. 4 24

Local tissue effects caused by a selected group of topically applied ENT-drugs are analysed. By means of a testing system consisting of vital mircoscopy, infrared thermography and microangiography applied to hamsters and rabbits, an evaluation of the varying degree of tissue injury is made. According to the degree of tissue damage the tested substance could be graded in three groups (I-III). The drugs belonging to group I show fairly little microcirculatory disturbance, while those belonging to group III cause tissue necrosis. Our conclusion is that topically applied drugs should be used with caution, especially on previously injured tissues.
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PMID:Local tissue effects of surface-applied ENT drugs. 5 76

In the period 1931 to 1976 1,116 patients were admitted to our department--1,000 were treatable. The 5 year survival rate is 26.7% out of 975 cases with follow-up. There is a marked difference between the regions of the corpus and the radix linguae which present with different symptoms and--in relation to these--have a very different prognosis. The Ca linguae and sublinguale are without symptoms--after treatment--in 29.15%, the Ca radicis linguae in 10.5% only. The method of choice was in case of circumscribed invasion radio-surgery, in case of Radix Ca or diffusion or involvement of fixated lymphnodes irradiation with external beams: Radium, Cobalt, Betatron. 20 years ago, Wasserburger, the late leader of our departement, published the results of his investigations on data of 628 patients with Ca of the tongue. The good results which are due to a methodical approach and meticulous treatment were not equalled by another method, neither irradiation alone nor surgery. To preserve the unique homogeneity of this material we stuck to this therapy which consists in the coagulation of the tumor, interstitial implants of radium-needles in the layers adjacent to the electrocoagulation and in external radiation of the regional lymphnodes and additional chemotherapy if indicated. On january, 21st., 1976, the thousandst patient with Ca of the tongue was admitted to our departement to be treated and so continues the chain of patients which were extensively documented and are followed up in coordinative work with the ENT departement in our hospital. In summary there were 1,116 cases, 116 were too progredient to be treated.
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PMID:[On the radio-surgery of the carcinoma of the tongue (n = 1,000) (author's transl)]. 6 10


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