Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this work was to study the bacterial flora of purulent secretions during chronic rhinosinusitis. We studied a total of 533 patients divided into two groups. The control population consisted of 139 adults (> 16 years) of both sexes seen in the community or hospitalized for less than 72 hours for non-rhinological conditions. The rhinosinusitis group consisted of 394 patients referred to the ENT clinic with chronic rhinosinusitis. All the patients with rhinosinusitis had had a post-nasal discharge for at least three months, associated with purulent or mucopurulent secretions originating from the involved sinus cavity. All samples were obtained endonasally under endoscopic guidance from the sinus ostium or from the sinus cavity during surgery. Cultures were positive in 81.3 per cent of the control subjects and 83.1 per cent of the patients with rhinosinusitis. Corynebacteria, coagulase-negative staphylococci, propionibacteria and peptostreptococci were the main commensal organisms, while Haemophilus influenzae, streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Prevotella spp and Fusobacterium spp were probable causative pathogens. Anaerobes were isolated from approximately 25 per cent of the patients in the rhinosinusitis group. Betalactamase producers represented 27.5 per cent of H. influenzae and 28 per cent of Prevotella spp isolates. Diminished susceptibility to penicillin was found in 13 per cent of S. pneumoniae isolates. The amoxycillin-clavulanate combination was the most active oral antibiotic tested against the pathogenic species in vitro.
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PMID:Bacteriology of chronic purulent secretions in chronic rhinosinusitis. 1020 12

Little is known about the bacteriology of the middle meatus in children. Therefore, middle meatal samples were obtained from 50 children who underwent adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy, while a group of 50 children submitted to minor non-ENT surgical procedures, were used as a control group. Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the most frequent cultured organisms, not only in the ENT group (in 68, 50 and 60% of the children respectively) but also in the control group (40, 34 and 50%). These three potential pathogens were more frequently seen among the children of the ENT group but only for H. influenzae was the observed difference statistically significant (P = 0.009). On semiquantitative analysis, there seemed to be more negative cultures or cultures with only a few colonies in the control group, while the richer cultures were obtained from the ENT group. Again, only for H. influenzae, these differences reached a statistical significance (P = 0.003). Streptococcus viridans and Neisseria species, both organisms that might be able to inhibit colonisation by some of the pathogens, were more frequently cultured in the control than in the ENT group: Strep. viridans 30 vs. 10% (P = 0.025) and Neisseria species 14 vs. 2% (P = 0.069).
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PMID:Bacteriology of the middle meatus in children. 1037 42

The aim of the study was elaboration of optimal antibiotic treatment in acute pyoinflammatory ENT pathology basing on the results of updated microbial tests and basic rules of microflora suppression by antibiotics. A total of 200 patients were examined. Of them, acute purulent sinusitis was diagnosed in 15, acute purulent otitis media in 25, paratonsillar abscess in 12 cases. Their microflora was studied for antibiotic sensitivity, the ability to form beta-lactamase was evaluated, microbiological examination of the content from purulent foci was made. It was found that the majority of acute purulent ENT diseases were caused by streptococci, gram-negative microorganisms (H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Klebsiella spp. et al), staphylococci and obligate anaerobes most of which produce beta-lactamase (up to 79%). From 88 to 100% pathogens were sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanate, 18-59% -- to cephasoline, lincomycin or ampicillin. The treatment with antibiotics of different groups was assessed by dynamics of clinical symptoms and results of repeated microbiological analyses. The optimal antibiotic to start therapy of patients with acute purulent ENT diseases was amoxicillin/clavulanate in a new form -- 1000 mg (twice a day for 7 days).
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PMID:[Microbial view and optimal antibiotic therapy in acute purulent ENT diseases]. 1560 87

Observations on 277 children aged 3 months to 4 years with lesions of the nervous system, immunized with vaccine Act-HIB (Aventis Pasteur, France), were carried out in groups of children. The significant decrease of the level of Hib nasopharyngeal carrier state in 3.3 times and the decrease of total morbidity in acute infections of respiratory and ENT organs in 2.7 times occurred after immunization was revealed. The immunological effect of immunization on the level of protective titers against H. influenzae, type b, in children with organic CNS lesions in children was shown.
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PMID:[Clinical and immunological effect of vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae, type B, in children with disorders of the nervous system]. 1653 36

We studied the role of Haemophilus influenzae in ENT inflammation in children, in purulent otitis and rhinosinusitis in particular, basing on the results of microbiological investigations of microflora. Examination of 59 patients aged 3 months to 17 years (39 patients with otitis media purulenta and 20 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis) has established that main pathogens in these diseases are streptococci, H. influenzae (HI) and M. catarrhalis. HI is a frequent associated microorganism in children of Uzbekistan. It occurs in 22% patients with acute otitis media purulenta and in 25% patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.
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PMID:[The role of Haemophilus influenzae in pyoinflammatory diseases of the ear and paranasal sinuses]. 1691 65

Meningitis associated with bacteremia is rare. Bacteremic form of meningitis occurred in 28 of 201 cases of community acquired meningitis (14%) in Slovakia within last 17 years. Bacteremic meningitis was associated with diabetes (21.4% vs. 7.5%, p=0.02) and with higher treatment failures (32.1% vs. 9.5%, p=0.01) and higher mortality (25% vs. 12.4%, NS). In univariate analysis comparing 28 cases of bacteremic community acquired bacterial meningitis (BCBM) to all CBM, no significant risk factor concerning underlying disease (cancer, ENT infection, alcohol abuses, trauma, splenectomy, etc.) or etiology was observed apart of diabetes mellitus, which was more common among bacteremic meningitis (21.4% vs. 7.5%, p=0.02). Mortality (25% vs. 12.4%, NS) insignificantly but therapy failure (32.1% vs. 9.5%, p=0.01) was significantly more frequently observed among meningitis with bacteremia. N. meningitis was the commonest causative agent (8 of 28 cases) followed by Str. pneumoniae (6), gram-negative bacteria (6), S. aureus (4) and H. influenzae (2).
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PMID:Bacteremic meningitis is associated with inferior outcome in comparison to community acquired meningitis without bacteremia. 1803 Feb 72

Infections of the ENT area are frequent and otitis media in children, sinusitis in adults are generally attributed to viruses or bacterial species. However many non infectious factors play an important role and may lead to useless antibiotic treatments. In otitis media, several factors such as mechanical defect in Eustachian tube, immature immunity, passive tobacco environment are capable to initiate a first viral step of otitis media, followed by bacterial infection due to S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis. Sinusitis are associated to multiple factors and mechanical as well as infective agents (viruses and bacteria) are well established. But several non infectious factors should be analysed and one major factor is allergy which is responsible for repeated sinusitis. Diabetes, anatomical factors, inappropriate muco-ciliary structure, HIV immunodepression can play a significant role in non infectious sinusitis. More work should be done to improve understanding of these complex mechanisms.
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PMID:[Infectious and non infectious factors in otitis media and in sinusitis]. 3228 30


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