Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A technique of anesthesia is considered for laryngoscopy in suspension, and certain acts of surgery of the vocal cords, e.g. myxoma, and of the trachea, e.g. destruction of papillomatosis. The patient is in apnea, unventilated, a catheter brings down to the level of the carena a current of oxygen of 15 liters per minute, the gaseous acidosis is buffered by injections of a solution of molar sodium bicarbonate. After briefly recalling the notions which justify this technique, its repercussion on homeostasis is studied by arterial gasometry. General anaesthesia with apneic oxygenation may offer the ENT surgeon increased possibilities of exploration and operation at the level of the larynx and trachea, but owing to its biological consequences, it should be used only with circumspection and its indications should be totally justified, for acts of limited duration. The technique seems, at present, difficult to adapt to surgery with laser.
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PMID:[Apneic anesthesia in unventilated patients for various operations and explorations in laryngotracheal surgery]. 1 87

The healthy dentition of 432 patients treated by radiotherapy for ENT and salivary gland lesions was preserved and subjected to a programme of strict hygiene and daily local fluoride application using a gel containing 1% of sodium fluoride. Effectiveness in terms of the prevention of caries was satisfactory. Caries developed in only 7% of the patients. None of the patients in whom there was a clear indication and who followed treatment carefully to an extent greater than 70% suffered decay. Thorough initial assessment, and very careful selection of cases should make it possible in the future to avoid the majority of sources of failure observed. The prevalence of osteo-necrosis secondary to dental preservation was 1.2%, identical to the prevalence of trophic complications seen in patients who underwent total extraction before radiotherapy. The technique of fluoride application is simple, with no risk of toxicity, but must be continued indefinitely. Preservation of the dentition must be undertaken only with the close cooperation of the responsible medical and odontological teams, the latter being responsible for the initial assessment, care and surveillance. Preservation of a healthy dentition together with the possibility of early fitting of a prosthesis if necessary contribute to the rapid functional rehabilitation of patients irradiated for malignant disease in the ENT area.
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PMID:[Prevention of caries and osteonecrosis through daily local fluoridation in radiotherapy patients]. 27 8

The development of deliberate hypotension for ENT surgery is described. A hitherto unrecorded case of paraplegia complicating hypotensive anaesthesia is reported. The use of sodium nitroprusside as a hypotensive agent is assessed. Indications and contraindications to deliberate hypotension are reviewed. Possible neurological damage is considered.
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PMID:Deliberate hypotension in ENT surgery. 47 89

A sudden hearing loss (SHL) research clinic to which 30 members of an ENT Society refer patients, accumulates information about incidence, prognosis, recovery patterns, and treatment of SHL. The diagnostic protocol includes laboratory, audiometric, and radiologic studies; patients are followed for a minimum of 10 months. Among 76 patients seen in 1973, the diagnosis of idiopathic SHL was retained in 52; more specific diagnoses were established in 24. The incidence of SHL in the general population is estimated at 10.7 cases per 100,000. Although the therapeutic protocol was individualized, all patients with idiopathic SHL were advised to restrict dietary sodium, to discontinue use of stimulants, and were given instructions regarding activity. Twenty-six patients received prednisone. Results indicate that prednisone may have a beneficial effect when administered before the 10th day of SHL. Increasing age, hypertension, diabetes, and severe vertigo were found to be poor prognostic indicators. Outcome was significantly better in patients seen early in the course of their illness than in those seen later. Possible etiologic factors include vascular dysfunction and inflammatory response. Further studies of controlled series are needed to establish standards for diagnosis of SHL and its recovery pattern.
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PMID:Seventy-six cases of presumed sudden hearing loss occurring in 1973: prognosis and incidence. 85 Apr 55

Over an 18-month period 31 patients (27 female and 4 male) were referred to the ENT department of our clinic for a 1-month to 14-year history of isolated non-productive cough. As ENT examination, including posterior rhinoscopy, was normal, these patients were sent to the pneumology department. Physical examination and X-ray films of the chest were negative, and the patients did not take an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor that could have induced this cough. Inhalation of acetylcholine lowered vital capacity by 32 +/- 14% and forced expiratory volume by 34 +/- 16%, a test which is the hallmark of bronchial hyperreactivity. Three patients were atopic. We believe that this cough can be the only manifestation of bronchial asthma. In these patients, cough was suppressed or strongly attenuated by the inhalation, 5 times a day, of salbutamol 200 mg puffs and beclomethasone dipropionate 250 mcg. In addition, the atopic patients were prescribed 10 puffs of sodium cromoglycate per day. Complaints of isolated non-productive cough must always suggest that possibility of bronchial asthma, and a bronchial provocation test must be performed to confirm this diagnosis.
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PMID:[Isolated cough and bronchial asthma]. 175 3

The local tolerance of intramuscular co-trimoxazole and a combination of penicillin-G-sodium, clemizol-penicillin-G and lidocain-hydrochloride (PCPL) was investigated in an open comparative trial in two groups of patients of the ENT-Department of the Medical School Hanover. 15 male and 15 female patients received co-trimoxazole injections and 18 male and 12 female patients PCPL-injections both for three days. The injections were given deep intramuscularly in the morning and evening alternating into the right respectively left exterior quadrant of the gluteal region. Frequency of local disturbances was obviously connected with the period of treatment in both preparations. There was no difference between both preparations as concerns subjective and objective local symptoms. In 90% of the cases of both groups the local tolerance was regarded as good, in 10% as medium. As the frequency of local symptoms increases in correlation with the period of treatment, intramuscular co-trimoxazole should not be given longer than absolutely necessary.
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PMID:[Local tolerance for co-trimoxazole i. m.. Comparison with an intramuscularly administered penicillin combination]. 612 25

POR 8 (ornipressin) at a concentration of 5 IU in 10 ml of 1% lidocaine was used as a local vasoconstrictor in 262 ENT operations. Anaesthesia was carried out with either halothane or enflurane, or with diazepam and fentanyl. The doses of POR 8 lay between 2.7 IU and 3.5 IU. Under inhalational anaesthesia there was a good vasoconstriction in 85% to 90%, and anaesthesia with diazepam-fentanyl in 60% to 83% of cases, depending on the site of operation. There should be a 10-20 minute interval between infiltration and the beginning of surgery. Under inhalational anaesthesia the systolic blood pressure fell by 10% after infiltration of POR 8, when the diastolic blood pressure rose by 6%. During diazepam-fentanyl anaesthesia the systolic blood pressure increased by 23%, the diastolic by 27%. POR 8 was not found to have an antidiuretic effect. There was no difference between the osmolality, sodium and potassium levels of 30 patients measured before infiltration and 24 hours later. Because of the minimal side effects of POR 8 on the cardiovascular system during inhalational anaesthesia we recommend the use of these substance as a local vasoconstrictor instead of epinephrine.
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PMID:[POR 8 (ornipressin). Local vasoconstrictive effect and hemodynamic activity during surgery in ENT clinics]. 672 Nov 28

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease among Caucasians. It is characterized by abnormal transepithelial sodium and chloride transport. The clinical expressions of the disorder are highly variable including nasal polyposis. Some authors have found that CF children with nasal polyposis form a distinct subgroup of patients within the clinical heterogeneity of the disease with milder gastrointestinal and pulmonary symptoms. The aim of this prospective study was to verify whether the clinical manifestations in CF children with nasal polyposis are different from control CF patients, and to identify any correlation between a phenotype of nasal polyposis and a genotype. Sixty-six CF children, aged 1-25 years, consecutively underwent ENT examination including nasal endoscopy. Twenty-one had nasal polyposis. The remainder formed the control group. There was no statistical difference in the mode and age of presentation of the disease between the two groups. The clinical manifestations (Schwachman and Kulczycki score, colonization by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were comparable between the two groups. We found no statistical difference in the repartition of genotypes between the polyposis and the control groups. Nasal polyposis does not seem to be genetically dependent, but a larger sample of patients is needed to reach an accurate conclusion.
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PMID:Is nasal polyposis in cystic fibrosis a direct manifestation of genetic mutation or a complication of chronic infection? 905 94

Nucleoside transporters have a variety of functions in the cell, such as the provision of substrates for nucleic acid synthesis and the modulation of purine receptors by determining agonist availability. They also transport a wide range of nucleoside-derived antiviral and anticancer drugs. Most mammalian cells co-express several nucleoside transporter isoforms at the plasma membrane, which are differentially regulated. This paper reviews studies on nucleoside transporter regulation, which has been extensively characterized in the laboratory in several model systems: the hepatocyte, an epithelial cell type, and immune system cells, in particular B cells, which are non-polarized and highly specialized. The hepatocyte co-expresses at least two Na+-dependent nucleoside transporters, CNT1 and CNT2, which are up-regulated during cell proliferation but may undergo selective loss in certain experimental models of hepatocarcinomas. This feature is consistent with evidence that CNT expression also depends on the differentiation status of the hepatocyte. Moreover, substrate availability also modulates CNT expression in epithelial cells, as reported for hepatocytes and jejunum epithelia from rats fed nucleotide-deprived diets. In human B cell lines, CNT and ENT transporters are co-expressed but differentially regulated after B cell activation triggered by cytokines or phorbol esters, as described for murine bone marrow macrophages induced either to activate or to proliferate. The complex regulation of the expression and activity of nucleoside transporters hints at their relevance in cell physiology.
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PMID:Complex regulation of nucleoside transporter expression in epithelial and immune system cells. 1139 15

In the present study, one has determined the relative role of plasma membrane equilibrative (Na+-independent) ENT nucleoside transport proteins (particularly ENT2) in the uptake of antiviral nucleoside analogues for comparison with the previously reported drug transport properties of concentrative (Na+-dependent) CNT nucleoside transport proteins. The human and rat nucleoside transport proteins hENT1, rENT1, hENT2 and rENT2 were produced in Xenopus oocytes and investigated for their ability to transport three 3'-deoxy-nucleoside analogues, ddC (2'3'-dideoxycytidine), AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine) and ddI (2'3'-dideoxyinosine), used in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy. The results show, for the first time, that the ENT2 transporter isoform represents a mechanism for cellular uptake of these clinically important nucleoside drugs. Recombinant h/rENT2 transported ddC, ddI and AZT, whilst h/rENT1 transported only ddC and ddI. Relative to uridine, h/rENT2 mediated substantially larger fluxes of ddC and ddI than h/rENT1. Transplanting the amino-terminal half of rENT2 into rENT1 rendered rENT1 transport-positive for AZT and enhanced the uptake of both ddC and ddI, identifying this region as a major site of 3'-deoxy-nucleoside drug interaction.
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PMID:Transport of antiviral 3'-deoxy-nucleoside drugs by recombinant human and rat equilibrative, nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-insensitive (ENT2) nucleoside transporter proteins produced in Xenopus oocytes. 1146 8


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