Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ceftazidime has the same antibacterial spectrum as the other third generation cephalosporins, but it is the most active of all against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A review of the literature concerning severe infections shows that ceftazidime has been used in children mainly to treat superinfections on cystic fibrosis, infections in immunocompromised subjects and neonatal infections. The results in large series of patients were highly satisfactory and the drug was well tolerated. Other diseases treated in shorter series were: urinary tract infections in paediatric urology, ENT infections caused by P. aeruginosa, cellulitis and post-operative infections. A multicentre trial involving 344 children has recently been reported, showing very good results (clinical cure in 95 per cent of the cases). Ceftazidime dosage varies from one study to another, but a mean daily dose of 150 mg/kg is often necessary in septicaemias and infections associated with cystic fibrosis.
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PMID:[Role of ceftazidime in severe infections in children. Review of the literature]. 297 92

In bacterial infections of the sinuses and the middle ear Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus are most frequently isolated, whereas in tonsillopharyngitis Streptococcus pyogenes is the most important pathogen. S. aureus is found in up to 40 % in acute and chronic sinusitis and causes severe complications in otitis media, therefore antibiotics used as empirical initial treatment should also be effective against this pathogen. To decrease duration of illness and to avoid serious complications antibiotic treatment of bacterial ENT-infections is necessary. The new ketolides and the third and fourth generation quinolones are very effective and the second generation cephalosporins like cefuroxime axetil have proven excellent clinical and bacteriological efficacy in numerous clinical trials combined with an excellent resistance pattern over the years. Efficacy of short course therapy (5 days) in sinusitis and tonsillopharyngitis has been proven in clinical trials and is cost saving. In more severe infections treated in hospital sequential i. v./oral therapy offers pharmaco-economical benefits. Both regimen demonstrate cost savings while maintaining high clinical efficacy. In more severe infections like otitis externa diffusa, otitis externa maligna, otitis media chronica and perichondritis Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dangerous pathogen that has to be covered by initial antibiotic treatment. Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime are widely used and effective. Ciprofloxacin resistance has increased, while Ceftazidime susceptibility is unchanged (> 90 %). A dose reduction study with ceftazidime in severe ENT-infections showed equivocal efficacy between 3 x 1 g and 3 x 2 g daily that offers a cost benefit of 50 %.
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PMID:[Current therapeutical management, new antibiotics and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bacterial ENT-infections]. 1184 1