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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

"Theragenic" diseases produce common ENT complaints. They are frequently and predictably induced by self or physician treatment. Fifteen percent of first office visits in various practice situations stem from therapeutically-induced disease. Self treatment by cotton tip applicator ear cleaning, nasal decongestants, mouth washes, and lozenges produce symptoms which mimic other etiologies. Prescription medications produce diseases with ENT symptoms which are based on pharmacologic toxicity, multiple drug therapy, drug intolerance, and occasional idiopathic hypersensitivity. The treatment of these diseases is simple and effective once their etiology is discovered.
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PMID:Physician and patient-induced diseases in otolaryngology office practice. 96 17

The involvement of the ENT sphere in HIV infections is fairly common, but the relative manifestations, though not to be considered atypical, are not pathognomonic. The present study has been set up for the otoiatric assessment of a group of HIV patients and the correlation of ENT symptoms with the various stages of the disease. To this end, 60 patients were examined (35 belonged to groups 2-3 and 25 to group 4) of whom 50% were drug addicts, 36% homosexuals and 14% heterosexuals. All patients underwent a complete ENT examination as well as the assessment of hearing and vestibular function, of olfactory and taste functions, of respiratory and nasal mucociliary functions along with an anti-HIV antibody check of nasal secretion. Results showed a prevalence of otologic and rhinosinusal symptoms as well as cervical-facial swelling. Testing revealed a hearing loss of mainly conductive origin caused by otitis and tubal stenosis; vestibular hyporeflexia; mixed hyposmia and hypogeusia owing to the involvement of multiple cranial nerves; respiratory and mucociliary changes due to rhinitis and hypertrophy of the nasal mucosa. In all cases anti-HIV antibodies were found in nasal secretion. From a diagnostic point of view there was a prevalence of specific pathologies: oropharyngeal candidosis, stage 4; cervical lymphoadenopathy, stages 2-3; chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal vestibulitis and nosebleed; mainly chronic otitis media. All such manifestations suggest a marked involvement of ENT organs, which can be attributed to the anatomical characteristics of the area, with the relative diagnostic and prognostic implications of HIV infection.
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PMID:Otorhinolaryngological aspects of HIV infections: personal experience. 784 19

This study identified the ENT symptoms of 66 HIV infected children over an 8 year period (1986-1993) at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children. The incidence, nature and age of onset of ENT symptoms were investigated; 91% of the children had ENT symptoms, the most common being cervical lymphadenopathy, oro-oesophageal candidiasis and otitis media. The HIV infected children suffered from the common ENT diseases of childhood. They also presented with specific conditions such as diffuse parotid swelling. Therefore, their clinical features differed from HIV infected adults as well as non-infected children. An increasing incidence of paediatric HIV infection was demonstrated by the study. Most were due to vertical transmission. ENT surgeons are likely to see more HIV infected children in future, either with the usual ENT diseases of childhood (to which they seem more susceptible) or with HIV-specific conditions. Although the diagnosis of HIV may be known, the ENT condition could be the initial presentation suggestive of immunodeficiency.
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PMID:The ENT manifestations of HIV infection in children. 867 20

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of snoring and assess the extent of associated ENT symptoms in children up to 10 years of age. A questionnaire was presented to the parents of 245 children chosen at random from the General Practice list of the town of Frome, Somerset, UK. The prevalence of snoring was found to be 27%. This increased to 47% in the presence of an upper respiratory infection. Snoring was found to be significantly (P < 0.001) associated with a history of poor hearing, restless sleep, and having a cold. Less significant (P < 0.01) associations occurred with parental smoking, eczema, sleep talking, moving around the bed at night, sore throats, having a runny nose and mouth breathing. Snoring is a common symptom in children up to 10 years of age. Without evidence of other ENT disease the snoring child does not require referral to an ENT department for further investigation.
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PMID:Snoring, apnoea and ENT symptoms in the paediatric community. 873 97

We report five cases of seronegative inflammatory rheumatism associated with nasal polyposis. The patients were four women and one man, mean age 49.5 years (range 42-59 yrs.). Two patients had polyarthralgia predominating in the hands, wrists and knees and two patients had symmetrical acromelic polyarthritis. The fifth patient, a woman, had oligoarticular arthritis. In a single female patient, X-rays showed moderate erosions of both tarsometatarsal bones. The inflammatory syndrome was moderate with mean ESR 23 (12-38) and immunological investigations were negative except for the presence of pANCA (50-200 U) in three patients. HLA-A1, B8, and Bw35 antigens were found in three of the five patients. In all cases, nasal and sinus polyposis (NSP) preceded rheumatism and the joint symptoms were accompanied by worsening of the ENT symptoms. NSP was confirmed by CT scan of the nasal fossae and sinuses. Polyps were surgically removed in four patients and the histology showed neither granuloma nor vasculitis. In four patients the joint symptoms, which responded poorly to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), improved markedly after ENT treatment (surgery and topical steroids) and synthetic antimalarials. The concomitant course of the joint and ENT symptoms suggests there may be a link between inflammatory rheumatism and NSP.
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PMID:Inflammatory rheumatism and nasal polyposis. 909 5

In otorhinolaryngology, the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and pharyngolaryngeal disorders is well-known. In fact, many patients with GER debut with head and neck symptoms or are first seen by an otolaryngologist. We proposed to identify the ENT symptoms most frequently associated with GER, to differentiate between physiological and pathological GER, and to confirm the effectiveness of antacid treatment. Our study included 20 ambulatory patients who presented pharygolaryngeal symptoms and clinical manifestations of GER (heartburn and regurgitation). The patients underwent a complete ENT examination and were referred to a gastroenterologist for esophagoscopy, manometry, and 24-hour pH monitoring. All patients received antireflux therapy for one month (ranitidine 150 mg given twice daily). We conclude that GER produces a variety of manifestations, but the most frequent pharyngolaryngeal symptoms and physical findings were globus pharyngeus and erythema of the arytenoids, respectively. Pathological GER was found in only one third of our patients and 90% responded well to treatment.
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PMID:[Head and neck symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux]. 964 61

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common esophageal disease. It typically presents with heartburn and regurgitation, but it may also cause atypical symptoms, either alone or in combination. About 20 to 60 percent of patients with GERD have ENT symptoms without any heartburn. The most common ENT symptom is a globus sensation, yet there are many possible clinical signs such as laryngitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, laryngospasm, laryngeal edema and granuloma that may mislead the initial work-up. In this work the pathophysiology, symptomatology, diagnostic measurements and therapeutic options of GERD are discussed. It is suggested that GERD has to be included into differential diagnostic approaches especially when routine treatment of these ENT diseases failes.
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PMID:[Reflux-associated diseases of the otorhinolaryngology tract]. 1155 31

Syphilis is a multisystemic disease that may also affect the inner ear. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency, clinical presentation and outcome of otosyphilis. A retrospective analysis of inpatients seen by a team of ENT specialists and dermatologists at a teaching hospital in Dresden, Germany, during 1986-2000. Six cases of otosyphilis had been diagnosed. None was related to risk factors such as HIV infection or drug abuse. We identified four female and two male patients, age range 25-58 years. Four patients suffered from syphilis stage II, one from syphilis stage and another from congenitial syphilis. ENT complaints included loss or impairment of hearing, tinnitus and nystagmus. All were treated with penicillin G. Adjuvant therapy included systemic corticosteroids oral pentoxifillin in two patients each. Improvement of ENT symptoms was achieved in all but one patient, who suffered from congenitial syphilis. This study confirms that otosyphilis is still a complication of syphilis in developed countries. The first line therapy is systemic penicillin G. There is a lack of controlled trials for adjuvant treatments such as corticosteroids and pentoxifillin. Clinical cooperation between dermatologists/venereologists and ENT specialists supports the best outcome.
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PMID:Otosyphilis: report on six cases. 1519 56

We are sometimes faced with psychic derangement or overlay in some of the ENT diseases and the link between patient's psyche and any ENT disease at times becomes signifi cant and troublesome. The conditions in the fi eld between otorhinolaryngology and psychiatry can be classifi ed as psychiatric symptoms resulting from ENT diseases or interventions and those expressing themselves as ENT symptoms due to mental ailment. The former include hearing impairment, dizziness, tinnitus, choked airway, bad oral breath, stuffy nose, traumatic interventions and external nasal deformities. The later include exaggerated and diminished pharyngeal refl ex, globus hystericus, speech disorders, vasomotor rhinitis, nose picking, choked feeling, dizziness and headache. At times diseases originate in the human mind (consciousness), causing negative thoughts like jealousy, anger, and depression due to frustration. p ]A healthy mind in a healthy body generates sound and noble thoughts. Once a healthy body-mind relationship is established, we can be reasonably sure that greater happiness and success is within our reach. Patient seeking help from ENT surgeons to change their physical appearances and or function may not understand that the ultimate goal of surgery is to bring about psychological change by modifying the physical change, which is important aspect in septorhinoplastic surgery. At times patients asking for corrective rhinoplasty for minor external nasal deformities may have underlying psychological disturbance and use even slight external nasal deformity as scapegoat for psychological upset. Males are more diffi cult patients psychologically for any facial cosmetic surgery. These days some patients read about their diseases or treatment on the Internet and get more confused and psychologically disturbed due to rare causes of their illness, rare complications and diversity of treatment available.
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PMID:Psychological implications in ENT diseases. 2312 Jun 13

Basic knowledge concerning the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is useful for ENT physicians. Although HIV patients are usually stably asymptomatic nowadays due to modern therapy, HIV often manifests in ENT symptoms, such as neck lumps, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and dysgeusia. After infection, an initial increase in viral load can cause, among other symptoms, oral ulcers and pharyngitis. Once the immune system is compromised by the attack on CD4 lymphocyte cells, HIV-related diseases can occur: oral mycoses (particularly candidosis) and viral infections (including warts), aphthous ulcers, gingivitis, salivary gland diseases and malignancies (e. g. intraoral Kaposi's sarcoma). Neck lymphadenopathy is frequent. Markers of disease severity are the clinical symptoms, viral load and CD4 helper cell count. HIV treatment (antiretroviral therapy, ART) is a combination of at least three antiviral drugs.
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PMID:[A practically orientated clinical HIV update for ENT physicians]. 2535 97


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