Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Caustics are products which produces necrosis on contact place with chemical affinity to organic substance. Destroying intensity depend of types, concentration and quantity of product ingested. Poisons could be accidental and suicidal. Concentrated caustics rapidly produces necrosis, strong pain and severe general reaction on acute trauma, shock. Except the fact that acute burns with caustics products require an immediate diagnostic and therapeutic approach, this problem remains controversial. A retrospective analysis of 97 cases in last five years, including the war, in our ENT clinic done. Sex, age types and frequency of product ingested. Accidental, suicidal and the most often month it is happened analyzed. The acute diagnostic procedure in caustics ingestion are primarily directed toward the recognition of life-threatening complication such as shock, airway obstruction, perforation of inner organs and in severe acid ingestion, metabolic acidosis. esophagoscopy and endoscopy is accurate in predicting degree of esophageal injury. The aim of therapeutic procedures is to preserve homeostatic balance, to prevent shock and complication of acute hemorrhage or perforations as well as in the development of scar tissue and nepotistic strictures over time. The aim is to preserve the patients own esophagus. During long time experience treatment with diet, cortisone, antibiotics was successful in the prevention in the development of scar tissue and neoplastic strictures over time from esophageal II and III grade lesions.
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PMID:[Acute states in poisoning with corrosive substances]. 960 81

Otalgia is a common symptom in general practice and represents the sensation of pain in the ear. In four patients, three women aged 63, 57 and 37 years, and a man aged 64 years, ear pain was found to be caused by laryngeal carcinoma (two patients), oropharyngeal carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (in a Turkish patient). Referred otalgia is an earache that is caused by a nonotologic source. In many cases it is difficult to identify the underlaying disease of referred otalgia. It may be the first symptom of a head-and-neck carcinoma. In case of otalgia with normal otologic findings, the differential diagnostic process must be specifically directed to the common sensory innervation of the ear and the head-and-neck structures. By carefully taking the patient's history with special attention to epidemiological factors such as smoking and drinking habits, racial traits, a positive family history of head-and-neck neoplasms and accompanying complaints and by performing repeated ENT examination including advanced imaging techniques, long delay in diagnosing head-and-neck cancer can be prevented.
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PMID:[Referred earache; an important symptom of head-and-neck cancers]. 1002 59

Anecdotal evidence from several ENT departments suggests that pain following tonsillectomy is worst on the second and/or third days after surgery. This study tests this hypothesis. A pilot study with 19 subjects suggested this theory might well be true. A fuller study was then carried out on 91 subjects with standardised surgical and anaesthetic techniques, and standardised analgesia for five days postoperatively. Pain on the second and third postoperative days was compared with that eight hours after the operation and on the first, fourth and fifth postoperative days. No statistically significant difference was found. There is increasing pressure for early discharge from hospital after surgery. If pain following tonsillectomy is not going to become worse at home, this will tend to make early discharge more acceptable to patients.
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PMID:On which day is pain worst following adult tonsillectomy? 989 72

Corticosteroid therapy is a key element in the treatment of acute subglottic laryngitis as well as certain types of sinusitis and seromucous otitis. Insufficient or lacking compensatory mechanism in the physiological regulation of the ENT mucosa favors the progression of these different conditions to chronic or life threatening situations, particularly for acute laryngitis. Corticosteroid therapy is one of the management steps; it should be adapted to each individual and of short duration. The goal of corticosteroid therapy is to decrease inflammation, provide pain relief and reestablish the physiological state of the ENT mucosa.
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PMID:[Corticotherapy in ENT. Subglottic laryngitis in children, acute sinusitis, naso-sinusal polyposis, sero-mucous otitis]. 1002 4

It was the aim of this study to compare total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with balanced anaesthesia using modern short-acting anaesthetics for ENT-surgery in children regarding the influence on haemodynamics, recovery, side-effects and costs. After approval of the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Rostock, 80 children in the age of 3 to 12 years, rectally premedicated with midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) and atropine (0.01 mg/kg), were randomly assigned to TIVA (group 1, n = 41) and balanced anaesthesia (group 2, n = 39), respectively. TIVA was induced with propofol (2 mg/kg) and remifentanil (1 microgram/kg) and maintained with propofol (6 mg/kg/h) and remifentanil (0.2 microgram/kg/min). Controlled ventilation was performed with an air/oxygen mixture (1:1). Balanced anaesthesia was induced with the method of "single breath induction" using sevoflurane (8 Vol.%) in a mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen (2:1). For maintaining balanced anaesthesia under low flow conditions, sevoflurane concentration was reduced to 1 Vol.% while the nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture was kept constant. Additionally 0.1 microgram/kg/min of remifentanil was given. For controlled ventilation, the patients of both groups were primarily relaxed for intubation with mivacurium (0.2 mg/kg) under continuous monitoring using TOF-stimulation (TOF-Guard). Further relaxation was performed with doses of 0.05 mg/kg of mivacurium after relaxometric control reached T1-level > 20% and T2-level > 0. Haemodynamic parameters (heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure), awakening time (time until the first spontaneous movements occurred), recovery time (according to Aldrete-Score > 8), side-effects (sevoflurane-induced excitation and propofol-induced pain due to the injection during induction of anaesthesia, postoperative vomiting) and costs for anaesthetic agents and relaxants were registered. The investigation showed significantly higher heart rate (p < 0.05) and significantly lower mean arterial pressure (p < 0.05) during balanced anaesthesia than during TIVA. Between the two groups there were no statistically significant differences regarding awakening time, recovery time and incidence of postoperative vomiting. In the TIVA-group, pain due to injection of propofol occurred in 10 patients (24.4%) and in group 2 sevoflurane-induced excitation during induction was registered in 22 patients (56.4%). Based on our presently existing purchase prices for the drugs used, there were no significant differences between the costs for TIVA and balanced anaesthesia. We conclude that both TIVA and balanced anaesthesia performed with short-acting anaesthetics, are suitable anaesthetic methods for ENT operations in children. Because balanced anaesthesia with sevoflurane led to higher heart rates, this kind of anaesthesia should be used with caution in children with heart diseases. The main advantage of both methods is their short recovery time.
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PMID:[Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and balanced anesthesia with short-acting anesthetics for ENT surgery in children]. 1022 Sep 41

The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the status and function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory system in patients with habitual snoring and obstructive apnoea after 2 years nocturnal treatment with a mandibular advancement splint. Thirty-two patients participated in the study, ranging from 43.0 to 79.8 years of age (mean 54.4 years, SD 8.78) at the start of treatment. All patients had been referred from the ENT department for treatment with a mandibular advancement splint. The acrylic splint advanced the mandible 50-70 per cent of maximal protrusion, opened 5 mm vertically, and was used 6-8 hours per night and 5-7 nights per week. Overjet, overbite, and molar relationship were measured on dental casts. The patients were asked to answer a questionnaire concerning symptoms of craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD). They were also clinically examined in a standardized manner, including registration of range of mandibular movements, TMJ sounds, pain on movement, and palpatory tenderness of the TMJ and the masticatory muscles. None of the patients showed more than five symptoms of dysfunction either at the start of or after 2 years of treatment. A decrease in the frequency of headache was found for nine of those 18 patients that reported headache (P = 0.004). A minor, but significant decrease in overjet and overbite was found and the molar relationship was also changed. It was concluded that 2 years' treatment with a mandibular advancement splint had no adverse effects on the craniomandibular status and function, but the observed occlusal changes requires further evaluation.
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PMID:Craniomandibular status and function in patients with habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea after nocturnal treatment with a mandibular advancement splint: a 2-year follow-up. 1072 Dec 45

A psychiatric study was carried out to seek correct diagnosis and effective therapy for patients with various pain symptoms in ear, nose and throat area, and the unknown cause of pain and invalid treatment. There were 12 patients who coincided with the diagnostic criteria of depression. The therapeutic effect was satisfactory with antidepression medicine. It is suggested that the practicing ENT doctors should have some knowledge of psychiatry, understand the symptoms of depressive state, avoid misdiagnosis and offer correct management.
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PMID:[Symptoms of depressive state in otolaryngology]. 1074 45

Data are available on 14 patients with sarcoidosis of the face and upper respiratory tracts (11 females and 4 males, age from 29 to 71 years). 4 patients had isolated ENT lesion. In 3 cases, sarcoidosis was found at histological examination of the material removed in the course of surgery for chronic tonsillitis, recurrent purulent cyst, pyopolypous maxilloethmoiditis. Pain at the site of skin and mucosa affection was minor, ulceration was absent. Standard treatment was effective. 12 patients were followed up for 3 to 15 years. Good results were achieved in 2 patients, the rest were cured with a picture of mucosal atrophy in the lesion zone.
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PMID:[Sarcoidosis of face and upper respiratory tracts]. 1076 18

Five cases of malignant melanomata of the nasal cavities have been diagnosed and studied at ENT--and Anatomopathological Departments, between 1990 and 1997, the group ranging from 65 to 90 years, middle age 74.2. Paramount symptoms were epistaxis and lack of pain in all patients. Radical surgery was performed only in one case, followed by radiotherapy; the remainder were submitted to palliative treatment. We have reviewed the literature and also an immunohistochemical analysis about p53, p16INK4 and Rb oncogenes with the aim to establish its importance in these tumor's type. The whole group have showed high levels of p53 and MIB-1 and 60 percent a loss of oncogen p16 expression.
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PMID:[Malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity. Retrospective study. The analysis of p53 and p16INK4 expression]. 1145 87

Pediatric tonsillectomy is a common procedure in the ENT practice, usually in a Day-surgery basis. The aim of the present work is to further investigate postoperative morbidity to improve both treatment and quality of assistance. 126 children operated in our Day-surgery unit were included in the study, and a questionnaire with items related to postoperative pain, otalgia, halitosis, vomitig, fever and other aspects was filled by their parents or relatives in charge. Significative pain lasting until the third or fourth day was recorded in half of the cases. At the end of the first week most of the children are improved, although only 55% are eating normally. Vomitting, usually the day of the surgery, is described by one third of cases. In our experience, ambulatory tonsillectomy is a safe procedure with low incidence of complications, which are mild. However, the delay in returning to a normal diet and the relative high incidence of vomiting bring into question the inclusion of tonsillectomy in a Day-Surgery program, making necessary to implement treatment protocols to avoid such problems.
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PMID:["Usual" morbidity of pediatric tonsillectomy: a study of 126 cases]. 1152 45


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