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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The bronchial challenge test using isocapnic hyperventilation of cold air (IHCA) was used to evaluate bronchial responsiveness in 63 offspring of multiple pregnancies when they were 8-15 years old. At birth, 27 (43%) children had had intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR, birth weight <-2 SD, or birth weight difference between twin pairs >1.3 SD). The median birth weight was 2,050 g (range, 800-3, 150), and the median gestational age was 35 weeks (range, 28-38). None of the children had asthma or suffered from asthma-like symptoms. In the interpretation of the IHCA test, a fall of 9% or more in the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV(1)) was considered as abnormal, and these children were classified as "cold air responders." The number of responders was 16 (25%); their baseline FEV(1)/forced vital capacity ratio (FEV(1)/FVC) and forced expiratory flow between 25-75% FVC (FEF(25-75)), but not FEV(1) were significantly lower than the corresponding values in nonresponders. No differences were found in perinatal or neonatal factors between responders or nonresponders. Eight (30%) of the 27 IUGR and 8 (22%) of the 36 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) children were IHCA responders. In particular, IUGR was not correlated with maximal FEV(1) falls following the IHCA test. Respiratory infections after the neonatal period were equally common in IUGR and AGA children; but infections were associated with subsequent IHCA responsiveness. Adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, and/or myringotomy had been performed significantly more often in the responders than in the nonresponders. At least one of the above invasive procedures had been performed in 20 (32%) of the children; this group was termed the "ENT (ear, nose, throat) surgery group." Fifty-six percent of the responders, but only 26% of the nonresponders, belonged to the ENT surgery group (P = 0.02). We conclude that intrauterine growth retardation or prematurity is not associated with abnormal cold air responsiveness in the IHCA test.
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PMID:Determinants of bronchial responsiveness at school age in prematurely born children. 1058 14

The treatment of mandibular asymmetry often requires a late surgical orthodontic protocol that certainly allows an improvement but no complete correction. Ideal would be to control the etiological factors which are still controversial. The aim of the study is to identify per and postnatal factors associated with the development of mandibular asymmetry. This case-control study was performed with a cohort of 100 individuals divided in two subgroups. A subgroup of 50 subjects with mandibular asymmetry and another subgroup of 50 subjects without mandibular asymmetry. The subjects included in the study had to be from 6 to 16 years old, have a complete orthodontic file and no congenital syndrom or pathology. The following factors have been assessed: gender, mode and date of birth, dental trauma, visual disorders, ENT problems and parafunctions. An inter-group comparison had been performed by using statistical tests (Chisquare test, Fisher test and odds ratios calculation). The associated factors with mandibular asymmetry are male gender, oral ventilation, short-term vaginal nasalization, dental trauma and visual disorders. Asthma (symmetrical character of the anomaly ?), prematurity and caesarean section (by absence of trauma at delivery ?) would not be considered as associated factors. This case-control study is a first-line study that allows the identification of factors that may be associated with mandibular asymmetry. Ideally, a larger-scale prospective cohort study to increase the pertinence would clarify the risk factors for the development of mandibular asymmetry.
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PMID:[What are the factors associated with mandibular asymmetries? A case-control study]. 3314 17