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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the past 15 years we treated at the ENT department and ophthalmological department of the hospital with policlinic type III in Nitra 10 patients with orbital phlegmons or an abscess of the eyelid after an eye injury treated and cured by antibiotic treatment and external drainage. Twelve patients had a rhinogenic phlegmon or abscess in the orbit (one patient had a dentogenic aetiology of the inflammation). This group of 12 patients were treated in addition to antibiotics in different combinations also surgically (in one case also by drainage of the abscess from a lateral quadrant of the orbit). In five instances the authors found in addition to the phlegmon of the periorbital tissue also an abscess in the depth of the orbit and six times an abscess of the eyelid. Despite the radical approach to the inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and inflammation of the orbit, two patients developed blindness of the damaged eye and one patient died from rhinogenic suppurative meningitis.
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PMID:[Rhinogenous phlegmons of the orbit]. 222 63

The clinical picture of an acute orbit, as manifest by preseptal cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess or orbital cellulitis, is still frequently seen in ENT practice. The commonest cause is sinusitis and the authors advocate early surgical intervention in acute orbits due to sinusitis. Clinically, it can be difficult to distinguish between a subperiosteal abscess and orbital cellulitis and a CAT scan may be helpful. Surgically, a subperiosteal abscess is the more important (and probably more frequent) entity as it may require drainage. It may be suspected in an acute orbit which progresses rapidly or fails to settle on treatment and it may require drainage to allow the condition to resolve and avoid potentially damaging sequelae. A classification of the stages of the inflammatory processes seen in the acute orbit is given and the management of 34 cases due to sinusitis is discussed. The other causes of acute orbits are discussed and the further complications that may occur are also mentioned. Blindness, cavernous sinus thrombosis and cerebral involvement are still frequently recorded and death may still occur.
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PMID:The acute orbit. Preseptal (periorbital) cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess and orbital cellulitis due to sinusitis. 347 26

While the effects of early visual deprivation on auditory and tactile functions have been widely studied, little is known about olfactory function in early blind subjects. The present study investigated the potential effect of early blindness on the electrophysiological correlates of passive odour perception. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in eight early blind humans and eight sighted controls matched for age, sex and handedness during olfactory stimulation with 2-phenyl ethyl alcohol and trigeminal stimulation with CO2 Latencies, amplitudes and topographical distributions were analysed. As expected, the olfactory and trigeminal ERP components showed normal latencies, amplitudes and topography in both groups. Olfactory stimuli generated responses of smaller amplitude than those observed in response to trigeminal stimulation. In addition, ERP analyses did not reveal any major difference in electrocortical responses in occipital areas in early blind and sighted subjects. These results suggest that passive olfactory and trigeminal stimulation elicit the same electrophysiological responses in both groups, confirming that the neurophysiological correlates of the cross-modal compensatory mechanisms in early blind subjects do not appear during passive olfactory and trigeminal perception.
B-ENT 2011
PMID:Chemosensory event-related potentials in early blind humans. 2156 51

Taste is a chemical sense responding to chemical stimuli. In our daily practice as ENT practitioners or Neurologists we do come across patients complaining of taste disturbances. Tests for taste have to be performed regularly in the clinical centres as well as in neurological labs as a part of complete work up for neurotology cases. Assessment of taste sensation can be easily done in a neurological clinic by chemogustometry as described by Claussen. The stimuli used are chemicals, representative substances for the four qualities of sweet, salty, sour and bitter, in graded solutions. These semi-quantitative results are plotted on a pentagon scheme devised by Claussen. The points of the best results for glucose, sodium chloride, citric acid, phenylthio-urea and quinine then are connected with a coloured line. That gives a linked graphic structure, which can be read by the physician at one glance. Different patterns are obtained for normal taste, taste-blindness for phenylthio-urea, ageusia, partial ageusias for glucose, or sodium chloride or citric acid or quinine or their combinations and parageusias. In this article we present different patterns of taste disturbances depicted on the pentagon chart highlighting the easy interpretation of chemogustometry.
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PMID:Qualitative and quantitative representation of taste disturbances: how we do it by pentagon chart. 2231 96

Congenital/developmental cataract is a significant cause of blindness in children worldwide. Full knowledge of clinical features is essential for early diagnosis and proper treatment to prevent irreversible visual impairment. We conducted a retrospective chart review on 520 congenital/developmental cataract cases based on a five-year clinical data from Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Clinical features including age at the surgery, chief complaints, interval between initial identification of cataract-related manifestations and surgery, etc. were summarized. 56.3% of children were bilateral. The age at surgery ranged from 0.25 to 17.4 years, only 9.2% receiving surgery below 1 year. Interval between initial identification of manifestations and surgery ranged from 2 days to 17 years. Concomitant congenital abnormalities were present in 67 patients, with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and congenital heart disease as the most frequent ocular and systemic disorders. Strabismus and nystagmus were seen in 20.6% and 11.9% of patients. In bilateral cataract patients with strabismus, axial lengths of esotropia-affected eyes were statistically shorter than exotropia-affected eyes. These findings provide information on characteristics of congenital/developmental cataract in China and may assist in achievement of comprehensive treating strategies in these cases.
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PMID:Clinical Features of Congenital and Developmental Cataract in East China: A Five-year Retrospective Review. 2865 74