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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Upper airways inflammations (rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, polyposis, otitis, pharyngitis, etc) the pathologies most commonly encountered in the daily clinical practice and they represent, because of the high sanitary costs, an important social problem. The Literature suggests that almost all the symptoms, which characterize upper airways inflammations, are induced by the production of prostaglandins by cyclooxigenase (COX); it is obvious the need of a therapeutic action at this level. The non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) block the activity of both COX-1 and COX-2, whereas the selective inhibitors of COX-2 (the coxibs) act only on this isoform. Actually, the therapeutic effects of both NSAIDs and coxibs are due to their actions on COX-2, while the system toxicity of NSAIDs (gastrointestinal perforation or ulcer, reduction of glomerular filtration rate, prolongation of bleeding time) is ascribable to the inference of these drugs with the COX-1. In conclusion, a correct approach to ENT inflammations must implies the use of drugs efficacious against the typical symptoms of the inflammatory process (and specifically the symptom: pain), eventually joined with an appropriate antibiotic treatment; in this context, a selective inhibitor of COX-2 short course treatment offers the double advantage of managing the inflammation and avoiding damages to the gastric mucosa.
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PMID:[Rationale of the use of COX-2 inhibitors in ENT pathologies]. 1570 56

New Information on Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Polyposis Nasi Chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is more common than inflammatory or degenerative diseases of the joints or arterial hypertension. The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis has still not been completely worked out. It is known that in particular the administration of antibiotics is incapable of healing the condition. Once the diagnosis has been established by an ENT specialist, topical or systemic steroids may be helpful. In most cases, however, it is necessary to combine these substances with surgical treatment. For this purpose, endoscopic sinus surgery is an approach that is capable of providing good long-term results.
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PMID:[New information on chronic rhinosinusitis and polyposis nasi]. 1624 78

In this article the authors describe a rare case of olfactory neuroblastoma in a 55-year-old woman surgically treated because of nasal polyposis. Three years earlier she had been operated for nasal polyposis on the same side in another ENT department. Unfortunately these lesions may had not been evaluated histologically. One of the surgically removed polyps was atypical. In histopathological examination it was confirmed to be olfactory neuroblastoma. CT scan revealed abnormal thickness of the mucosa in the upper part of the nose and ethmoidal sinuses on the right side. The tumor was classified as stage B in Kadish classification of olfactory neuroblastoma. The histopathologic diagnosis and CT scan made after the surgery resulted in necessity of further oncological treatment. The olfactory neuroblastoma is rare, difficult to diagnose, malignant, slowly growing tumor arising from the olfactory epithelium in the upper nasal cavity. The treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Another objective of this paper is to point out that histopathological examination is crucial in each surgically removed tissue.
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PMID:[Olfactory neuroblastoma in 55 year old woman]. 1635 2

These guidelines are modified from the recent EAACI Position Paper. Nasal polyposis is characterized by an inflammatory process, the factors of which are summarized. Recently, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins have been identified to modify the disease. A classification system for polyps, grading systems and epidemiologic data are given, frequent comorbidities are discussed. The diagnostic management is based on endoscopy and CT scanning. A score of severity is proposed. The therapeutic management consists of the medical treatment options, which are given with evidence-based recommendations. Surgical treatment is indicated after failure of medical treatment and commonly performed by endoscopy. Nevertheless medical therapy must be continued after surgery to prevent recurrences. Algorithms of decision are finally proposed [corrected]
B-ENT 2005
PMID:Management of nasal polyposis. 1636 69

Olfactory disorders may have several causes. Nasal polyposis or chronic sinusitis can result in nasal obstructions that block the access of odorants to the olfactory epithelium, and this can explain the development of olfactory disorders. On the other hand, when nasal endoscopy has revealed that the nasal cleft is free of inflammatory or tumoural disease, olfactory disorders may be explained by neuroepithelial or central nervous system disturbances. This paper will provide information about current approaches to smell disorders in otorhinolaryngology. Major causes will be reviewed as outcomes after medical or surgical treatment. An algorithm will also be given to standardise clinical investigations, including psychophysical olfactory testing, imaging and electrophysiological examinations.
B-ENT 2005
PMID:Smell disorders in ENT clinic. 1636 71

Benign congenital lesions resulting from the deficient regression of neuroglial tissue in normal embryonic development are called gliomas. They are usually located in the nasofrontal region and are diagnosed in the postnatal period. They are included in the differential diagnosis of nasofrontal midline masses. We present a case of the 9-year-old boy treated in the ENT Department of Wroclaw Medical University with the initial diagnosis of nasal polyposis or tumour which appeared to be glioma in the postoperative histological evaluation. The tumour was removed endoscopically. We present magnetic resonance imaging of the case together with the review of the literature concerning gliomas. We conclude that each doctor has to be aware of possible neoplasm even in the youngest groups of the patients.
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PMID:[Nasal glioma--case report]. 1647 Dec

Nasal polyposis is a multifactor disease characterised by chronic eosinophilic inflammation of the nasal and sinal mucosae. Its aetiology is unknown, but it's often associated with other diseases: allergic rhinitis, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity in adult patients. In children, mucoviscidosis is possible. The aim of this paper is to determine the relationship between nasal polyposis and allergic rhinitis, and their link with idiopathic rhinitis. The study involved 100 patients of both sexes. Patients were divided into three groups: group I--with allergic rhinitis (65 patients), group II--with idiopathic rhinitis (25 patients), and group III--without any diseases of the upper airways (10 patients). All patients underwent ENT examinations, blood laboratory and microbiology tests, RTG tests, as well as skin prick tests on inhalant allergens. In the group with allergic rhinitis, 21 patients had nasal polyposis. In the group with idiopathic rhinitis, 7 patients had nasal polyposis. In the control group, all the patients exhibited normal endonasal findings. Statistically significant difference was present only between the group of patients with allergic rhinitis and the control group (p=0.034). Nasal polyposis is related to allergic rhinitis, although the reason why polyposis develops in some patients and not in others remains unknown.
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PMID:[Nasal polyposis and allergic rhinitis--our experience]. 1653 92

Antrochoanal polyp was described by Professor Gustav Killian, in 1906, giving a specificity among polyposis; it represents 4-6% of all nasal polyps and displays both analogies and differences with bilateral nasal polyposis. Antrochoanal polyp is a benign lesion originating from the mucosa of the maxillary sinus, growing through the accessory ostium into the middle meatus and, thereafter, protruding posteriorly to the choana and nasopharynx. Incomplete excision of antrochoanal polyp almost always leads to recurrence. The Authors, therefore, provocatively question? Whether the antrochoanal polyp is a benign tumour or not? The Authors analyse the largest series of antrochoanal polyps present in the literature and report on a series of 200 patients treated consecutively at the ENT Clinic at the University of Florence, Italy. Clinical-aetiological data related to these 200 patients, treated between January 1988 and April 2006, have been analysed. Evaluation of the data presents some analogies and some disagreement with results from other series. In conclusion, based on the data obtained, it is tempting to suggest that the antrochoanal polyp develops from an increase in pressure in the Highmoro antrum due to a phlogistic-anatomical alteration at ostio-meatal complex/middle meatus level, in patients with a pre-existing silent antral cyst, subsequently forced to herniation outside, through the accessory ostium.
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PMID:Antrochoanal polyp: analysis of 200 cases. 1960 78

An 88-year-old female patient presented at our ENT clinic following syncope for consultation regarding dyspnea. Nasal breathing and olfactory function had been absent for several decades. The nose was distended and showed a livid red, smooth invasive mass. Childhood onset of nasal polyposis was reported. In addition, hypertelorism and bilateral epiphora were present. Although the patient declined treatment, it was possible to establish the clinical diagnosis of a Woakes' syndrome.
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PMID:[Hypertelorism and an unclear sinonasal mass]. 2042 12

The paper presents recommendations of the current European and Russian documents concerning pathogenesis of polypous rhinosinusitis (International Consensus Conference on Nasal Polyposis (2006), European documents EAACI - EP3OS (2007), and Summit of the Russian Society of Rhinologists "Nasal polyposis and inflammation" (2009)). The bilateral polypous process in the nasal cavity is considered to be a "special form of rhinosinusitis" in which bacterial superantigens or fungal infection induce chronic eosinophilic inflammation. Researchers of the ENT Department, Rostov State Medical University, undertook analysis of the results of long-term comprehensive examination of patients with polypous rhinosinusitis that included clinical, bacteriological, histomorphological, and allergological studies as well as evaluation of local and systemic immunity. The data obtained allowed to describe one of the forms of polypous rhinosinusitis as chronic infection-dependent allergic rhinosinusitis with the manifestation of all four types of allergic reactions, formation of the autoimmune component, and development of persistent immune inflammation leading to remodeling of endonasal mucosa. In all these cases, the process progressed parallel to the development of combined secondary immune deficiency (SID). A hypothetical scheme of pathogenesis of chronic polypous allergic rhinosinusitis is proposed.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis and clinical features of polypous rhinosinusitis]. 2110 57


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