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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper is concerned with the results of a comparative analysis of clinical signs in cerebral crises, strokes and other symptoms seen in 2 groups of patients younger than 45 years of age, and differing only in the presence (104 cases) or absence (108 cases) of hereditary-familial aggravation by a cardio-vascular pathology. Although in the first group of patients there was a certain tendency towards a more severe disorder of cerebral circulation, it was not possible to mark any statistically significant differences in the clinico-biochemical indices. At the same time different negative environmental influences (alcohol abuse, brain injuries, severe acute and chronic mental traumatization, frequent exacerbations of focal chronic infections of the ENT and the lungs, etc.) and a combination of 2 or 3 of them were significantly more frequently seen in patients without hereditary aggravation (34.8%) rather then with it (10.7%). A conclusion is being made that genotypical factors do not play a decisive role in the etiology of cerebral vascular disorders in young people. They only condition a lesser stability of the organism to unfavourable environmental factors and their different combinations.
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PMID:[Role of genotypic and environmental factors in the origin of cerebral circulatory disorders in young persons]. 85 27

Epidemiology of nonspecific pulmonary diseases in the Transbaikal region was studied with regard to the extremal climatic conditions, industrial specificity, and mass migration of the population to the construction sites of the Baikal-Amur railway (BAR). A total of 7.495 persons were examined. Of these, the population of the northern regions accounted for 39 percent, the workers of the mining integrated works for 9.1 percent, and builders of the BAR for 51.9 percent. The persons examined were divided into 3 groups. Group I was constituted by normal persons, group II by subjects with a disease risk (a premorbid group), and group III included patients suffering from chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases (CNPD). It has been shown that in the region under study, the disease was encountered in 20.2 percent of the local population, in 30.6 percent of the natives (Evenks), in 35.5 percent of the workers of the mining industry. and in 6 percent of the builders of the BAR. In the newcomers, acute pneumonia ran a graver course and was encountered 1.5 times more frequently than in the natives, that was connected with alterations in the people's immune status during adaptation. The risk factors of CNPD development in the region were as follows: industrial occupational hazards, tobacco-smoking, age and length of service, extremal climato-meteorological conditions, chronic diseases of the ENT organs, respiratory diseases experienced in childhood, migration of the population from other climatic areas, and alcohol abuse. The risk factors were enumerated in accordance with their significance.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of nonspecific pulmonary diseases in the Transbaikal region]. 274 Nov 23

Between 1960 and 1987, a total of 709 carcinomas of the floor of the mouth, tongue and oropharynx (BOPC) were diagnosed at the first ENT Clinic of the University of Vienna (555 men, 154 women). Patients under 50 years of age increased steadily in number of proportion. Age-specific rates in men based on the actual population of eastern Austria showed a highly significant increase in younger patients and a slight decrease in older patients. Crude regional mortality increased considerably in men during the whole period, and in women since 1982. The evolution of age-specific mortality in men was similar to that of the incidence at our clinic. In women the increase affected all ages. The rate of tobacco and alcohol consumption of male patients between 1977 and 1983 was compared with that of patients with chronic otitis and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Smoking and drinking rates were substantially higher in the BOPC group than in the otitis group, and their distribution differed from that of the hypopharyngeal cancer group: heavy consumption of both tobacco and alcohol was equally frequent, but smoking rates were lower and heavy drinking more frequent in the BOPC group. High consumption in BOPC patients was more common in patients under 60 years of age. The increasing incidence of the disease and the shift to younger patients may be linked with the alcohol component within the field of influence of combined tobacco and alcohol abuse.
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PMID:[Incidence and age at onset of cancers of the mouth and oropharynx since 1960. The epidemiologic context in East Austria]. 279 31

The aim of this study was to assess if differences in etiology and risk factors among 372 cases of bacterial meningitis acquired after surgery (PM) or in community (CBM) have impact on outcome of infected patients. Among 372 cases of bacterial meningitis within last 17 years from 10 major Slovak hospitals, 171 were PM and 201 CBM. Etiology, risk factors such as underlying disease, cancer, diabetes alcoholism, surgery, VLBW, ENT infections, trauma, sepsis were recorded and mortality, survival with sequellae, therapy failure were compared in both groups. Significant differences in etiology and risk factors between both groups were reported. Those after neurosurgery had more frequently Coagulase negative staphylococci (p<0.001), Enterobacteriaceae (p=0.01) and Acinetobacter baumannii (p=0.0008) isolated from CSF and vice versa Streptococcus pneumoniae (p<0.001), Neisseria meningitis (p<0.001) and Haemophillus influenza (p=0.0009) were more commonly isolated from CSF in CBM. Neurosurgery (p<0.001), sepsis (p=0.006), VLBW neonates (p=0.00002) and cancer (p=0.0007) were more common in PM and alcohol abuse (p<0.001) as well as otitis/sinusitis (p<0.001) and Roma ethnic group (p=0.001) in CAM. Initial treatment success was significantly more frequently observed among CAM (p<0.001) but cure after modification was more common in PM (p=0.002). Therefore outcome in both groups was similar (14.6% vs. 12.4%, p=NS).
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PMID:Comparison of postsurgical and community acquired bacterial meningitis--analysis of 372 cases within a nationwide survey. 1803 Feb 63

We investigated how many cases of bacterial meningitis in our national survey were associated with sinusitis or otitis media. Among 372 cases of bacterial meningitis within our nationwide 17 years survey, 201 cases were community acquired (CBM) and in 40 (20%) otitis media or sinusitis acuta/chronica were reported 1-5 weeks before onset of CBM. Diabetes mellitus (20% vs. 7.5%, p=0.01), alcohol abuse (35% vs. 15.4%, p=0.003) and trauma (30% vs. 14.9%, p=0.02) were significantly associated with CBM after ENT infections. Concerning etiology, CBM after sinusitis/otitis was insignificantly associated with pneumococcal etiology (50% vs. 33.8 %, NS) and significantly associated with other (L. monocytogenes, Str. agalactiae) bacterial agents (9.9 % vs. 25 %, p=0.008) . However those significant differences for new ENT related CBM had no impact on mortality (12.4 % vs. 5%, NS), failure after initial antibiotics (10 % vs. 9.5%, NS) and neurologic sequellae (12.5 % vs. 15.4 %, NS).
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PMID:Bacterial meningitis after sinusitis and otitis media: ear, nose, throat infections are still the commonest risk factors for the community acquired meningitis. 1803 Feb 66

Within last 17 years we went through all charts of bacterial meningitis within our nationwide survey and among 372 cases we found 62 cases of MM, in 12 cases with meningococcal disease (with shock, petechial effusions or disseminated intravascular coagulation or digital gangrenes). MM was usually observed in young adults without any of investigated risk factors like neoplasia, ENT (ear, nose, throat) focuses, elderly age, sepsis, diabetes, alcoholism, trauma, neonatal VLBW etc. Trauma, diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse and chronic sinusitis/otitis were significantly less frequently found as a risk factor for MM. Mortality was very low, only 4.8% and was lower than overall mortality in CBM (12.4%, NS). Also the proportion of neurologic sequellae (9.7%) and initial treatment failure (8.1%) were comparable or even lower. This positive outcome results are probably because all N. meningitis strains were susceptible to penicillin, chloramphenicol, cefotaxim, cotrimoxazol or ciprofloxacin. Other reason for low mortality was that most cases received oral antibiotic immediately, even before admission (50 of 62). 95.2% of cases survived, 90.3% without any transient neurological residual symptoms.
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PMID:Meningococcal meningitis is still the commonest neuroinfection in the community in tropics: overview of 62 cases. 1803 Feb 71

Aim. To present an up-to-date algorithm incorporating recent advances regarding its diagnosis and treatment. Method. A Medline/Pubmed search was performed to identify relevant studies published in English from 1990 until 2008. Only clinical studies were identified and were used as basis for the diagnostic algorithm. Results. The eligible literature provided only observational evidence. The vast majority of neck nodes from occult primaries (>90%) represent SCC with a high incidence among middle aged man. Smoking and alcohol abuse are important risk factors. Asiatic and North African patients with neck node metastases are at risk of harbouring an occult nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The remainder are adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, melanoma, thyroid carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) reaches sensitivity and specificity percentages of 81% and 100%, respectively and plays an important role as the second diagnostic step after routine ENT mirror and/or endoscopic examination. FDG-PET/CT has proven to be helpful in identifying occult primary carcinomas of the head and neck, especially when applied as a guiding tool prior to panendoscopy, and may induce treatment related clinical decisions in up to 60% of cases. Conclusion. Although reports on the diagnostic process offer mainly descriptive studies, current information seems sufficient to formulate a diagnostic algorithm to contribute to a more systematic diagnostic approach preventing unnecessary steps.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of a neck node swelling suspicious for a malignancy: an algorithmic approach. 2231 90

Chemotherapy may be indicated in head and neck cancer: as induction, associated with radiation therapy, or as a palliative solution, in case of local or locoregional progression if surgery and radiation therapy are contraindicated, and/or in case of metastatic progression. The most frequently used anticancer agents are platins, antimetabolites (5-fluorouracil, methotrexate) and taxanes. For several years now, in some indications, chemotherapy may be associated with targeted anti-EGFR antibody therapy. Prescription of chemotherapy and follow-up in head and neck cancer requires particular attention due to comorbidities related to alcohol abuse and smoking and frequent denutrition. Management thus requires close cooperation between the ENT physician, medical oncologists and radiation oncologists.
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PMID:Organization of primary care pathway in head and neck oncology (short version): Organization of chemotherapy in head and neck oncology. 2618 47

Surveillance is fundamental to the management of head and neck cancer. The present guidelines of the French ENT society (SFORL) were drawn up by a group of experts in the field, and are intended to specify the modalities of management, based on a review of the literature and, where data are lacking, to provide expert opinion. The present paper deals with guidelines for the diagnosis of local and regional recurrence and metachronous head and neck locations. Locoregional recurrence usually occurs within 3 years of primary treatment and is mainly related to the characteristics of the primary tumor and the treatment measures taken. Laryngeal location, safe primary resection margins, low level of lymph node invasion, unimodal primary treatment and early diagnosis of recurrence are factors of good prognosis. Systematic imaging surveillance may be considered for patients for whom a curative technique exists and when surveillance is difficult. The role of PET-scanning remains to be determined. Metachronous locations are frequent, even in the late course; prolonged surveillance is appropriate. The best preventive measure is cessation of alcohol abuse and smoking. Patient education is primordial.
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PMID:Guidelines of the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL), short version. Diagnosis of local recurrence and metachronous locations in head and neck oncology. 2629 73