Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dysphagia is a common symptom presenting to ENT departments. Two cases of tetanus with dysphagia as a major symptom are discussed, together with a review of previously reported cases. Although tetanus is a rare disease in the United Kingdom, the possibility of this diagnosis should be borne in mind in patients presenting with progressive dysphagia, especially if there are other head and neck symptoms present.
 ...
PMID:Dysphagia as a major symptom of tetanus. 147 20

A 69-year-old woman was examined because of progressive dysphagie. A barium esophagogram showed no obstruction but a swallowing in trachea suggested a neuromuscular disorder. ENT examination showed no specific signs of infection. The clinical diagnosis of tetanus was confirmed by electromyography. This case demonstrates an uncommon cause of dysphagia where the classical signs of tetanus in the early stages of this disease were absent and dysphagia was the initial and sole presenting symptom.
 ...
PMID:[Dysphagia as initial symptom in tetanus. A case report]. 175 7

Tetanus is a CNS disorder characterized by muscle spasms that is caused by the exotoxin of an anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium tetani. This disease is killing tens of thousands of neonates in developing countries. Although the incidence and mortality of tetanus has dramatically dropped in developed countries due to effective vaccination, appropriate wound management, and recent advances in intensive care, treatments remain difficult. From among developed countries, Japan has had a relatively high incidence of tetanus, and prevention is the problem especially in the elderly. We analyzed the data from 12 patients admitted to our hospital during 1997-2010. Their age ranged from 50-82 years; median 72 years with male to female ratio 5: 7, and all patients lacked a reliable history of toxoid immunization. Five patients out of 12 had history of cancer and one each had diabetes mellitus, pulmonary emphysema and Sjogren syndrome. In some cases, the patients had been initially misdiagnosed with ENT disorders, dental problems, or psychosis. Therefore to date, observation of clinical symptoms such as difficulty in mouth opening is considered the most crucial for diagnosis. The shorter was a period from onset to generalized convulsion (onset time), the longer was a duration of hospital stay. A notable complication was intramuscular hemorrhage in the lumbar muscles, which occurred in 2 patients. No patients died due to ICU managements, in which the most useful were propofol for spasm control and sedation, and magnesium sulfate for autonomic overactivity. Retrospectively, the Tetanus Severity Score (TSS) for mortality proposed by Thwaites et al (2006) is considered a useful tool also for predicting the clinical outcome at discharge. Although tetanus has been traditionally classified into the generalized, local, and cephalic types, a simpler severity-based classification into "severe", "moderate", and "mild" types may be more practical with regard to disease management.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical features of tetanus: a review with case reports]. 2198 66

Management of burn wounds of the head and neck region. Management of the severely burned patient is ery often a challenge, not only due to major disturbances in anatomy and physiological processes, but also because the relatively low incidence of this pathology in both civilian and military practice results in care providers'lack of experience. The purpose of this educational document is to provide doctors confronted with these formidable trauma patients with basic management guidelines as well as some practical tips. In summary, and most importantly, these patients should be reated as any other multitrauma patient. First aid is essential and can be provided by non-medical staff. Initial medical nanagement should focus on the usual, familiar trauma algorithms of ABCDEF from the emergency management of evere burns (EMSB) manual' or the ABCDEs of the manual of advanced trauma life support (ATLS)2 or advanced burn life support (ABLS). Medical care should proceed through the following steps - Step one: establish a reliable intravenous nfusion; step two: protect the airway; step three: establish and maintain a haemodynamic state compatible with sufficient organ perfusion in order to reduce aggravation of the burn wounds and increase overall survival likelihood; step four: provide analgesia with adequate sedation and provide anaesthesia for escharotomy, fasciotomy or other surgical injuries; step five: maintain normothermia; step six: feed the patient by starting enteral nutrition as early as possible; step seven: prevent infection using antiseptic wound management, systemic antibiotics and tetanus prophylaxis. All of these intricate steps require continuous reassessment and adjustment, but the existence of other wounds (blast injuries, penetrating and blunt trauma) even further complicates the management of burn casualties.
B-ENT
PMID:Management of burn wounds of the head and neck region. 2946 37