Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since vaccination legislation was revised in 1994, rubella vaccination has been changed from application to all junior high school girls with no history of clinical rubella to application to individual infants and junior high school students. This may decrease the vaccination acceptance rate and increase the chance of pregnant women's infection with rubella causing congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). We studied 5 children with CRS developed after a 1987-1988 epidemic in Japan to determine how their mothers were infected, and reviewed auditory findings. They were CRS-confirmed or CRS-compatible cases who met CRS diagnostic criteria formulated by the U.S. Center for Disease Control (CDC) in 1983. Two mothers had not been vaccinated because this was not legislated when they were in junior high school. Three were eligible for vaccination at 14, but 2 were not vaccinated. The children were born in 1991-1997. Complications were low birth weight in 3, delay in neck stabilization in 2, and cataract in 1. No case was serious. Ages at first ENT examination ranged from 3 months to 1 year and 8 months. ABR showed hearing loss of > or = 90 dBnHL. They started using hearing aids at 6 months to 1 year and 10 months. Tsumori mental development tests showed delays in developmental age in 2 who started auditory training after ages of 1 year and 6 months. Findings indicated that infants, students, and potentially pregnant women should be vaccinated. Complete serologic testing are important in pregnant women and fetal rubella infection should be diagnosed early by PCR.
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PMID:[Congenital rubella syndrome developing after a 1987-1988 epidemic in Japan]. 1121 37

Autism is a behavioural syndrome, present from early life and defined by deficient social interaction, language and communication, and play. Variations in symptomatology and in prognosis among characteristic persons display a variety of other signs such as attention deficits, mental retardation and seizures that are not specific to autism and that denote dysfunction in other brain systems. Its aetiology is unknown in the vast majority of cases. There is a small minority of persons in whom autism has a known aetiology, such as fragile X chromosome abnormality, congenital rubella, tuberous sclerosis and a variety of structural abnormalities and metabolic diseases of the brain. A causal treatment is so far not possible, and there remains a regrettable lack of evaluated treatment standards. Prognosis depends on many factors, most notably the limiting factor provided by the severity of the underlying brain dysfunction and its consequences for communication, cognition and other behaviour. ENT specialists are confronted with children, adolescents and even adults in whom autistic disease has already been diagnosed in the course of investigations/treatment. If the suspicion of hearing impairment as the cause of problems in daily life is not confirmed in a patient not hitherto known to have autism ENT specialists should also consider autism in the differential diagnosis. In this report the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies currently applied for autism and its importance for ENT specialists are presented.
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PMID:[Autism spectrum disorders. Current knowledge and importance for ENT specialists]. 1821 5