Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Meningeal defects and primitive ENT infections are known to promote pneumococcal meningitis. Other risk factors can be identified in the occurrence of community acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) and play a key role either in the frequency of this kind of infection, the type of bacteria concerned, the prognosis or the risk of recurrence. Thus, epidural infiltrations are rarely responsible for staphylococcal or streptococcal meningitis. Cochlear implants are also known to increase the risk of pneumococcal meningitis. The occurrence in children of aseptic meningitis or meningitis due to Staphylococcus aureus or Enterobacteriaceae is strongly suggestive of congenital spinal or cerebral anomalies (dermal sinus or spina bifida). MRI must be rapidly performed. In cases of splenectomy or asplenism, pneumococcal meningitis is common and must be prevented. According to the larger series available on this topic, age over 60, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism and immune deficiency are found to promote CABM in about 25% of cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent causative bacteria in elderly patients, in case of alcoholism, as well as Listeria monocytogenes and some Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae). L. monocytogenes is frequently isolated in immunodepressed patients and patients treated by anti-TNF molecules (infliximab notably). Finally, some genetic polyphormisms promote CABM: complement and properdin deficiencies (meningococcal meningitis), mannose-binding lectin deficiency, Fcgamma receptors alteration or interleukin-1 and IL-1R polymorphisms. Screening for such genetic disorders may be discussed in case of CABM but is mandatory in case of recurrent meningococcal infections.
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PMID:[Predisposing factors of community acquired bacterial meningitis (excluding neonates)]. 1941 29

Complement deficiency represents 5% of primary immunodeficiencies worldwide. A total of seven patients with deficiencies of the classical complement pathway were reported in the Czech Republic by the end of 2015. Typical manifestations of complement deficiency are recurrent meningitis, other bacterial infections, autoimmunity and kidney disease.Two case reports are presented of patients with molecularly confirmed C7 (compound heterozygote, c.663_644del in exon 6 and c.2350+2T:>C in intron 16) and C8 (homozygous c.1282C>T in exon 9) deficiency. The first patient had four attacks of meningococcal meningitis and an episode of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in childhood. The second had six attacks of meningitis. He also suffered from recurrent infections (otitis media, tonsillitis, chronic mucopurulent rhinitis and subsequent pansinusitis complicated by nasal polyposis) since childhood. No autoimmune disease was documented in either patient. They both received meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccines. Antibiotic prophylaxis was used only in the second patient, leading to a decline in the number of ENT infections.Complement deficiency should be suspected in patients with recurrent meningococcal infections, especially if combined with other infections caused by encapsulated bacteria or autoimmunity diseases. Prophylaxis with conjugate polysaccharide vaccines is recommended and antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered in individual cases.
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PMID:[Recurrent meningitis and inherited complement deficiency]. 2807 1