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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vertigo in children is rarer than in adults and the examiner in cases showing these symptoms must rely on the parents' or relatives' observations and details. Besides the equilibrium disorders caused by hereditary malabsorption or lesions in the peripheral or central vestibular structures, e.g. ototoxic drugs, tumours in the brain, meningitis, encephalitis, otitis, labyrinthine fistulas or head trauma, we only known of typical diseases, associated with vertigo, that develop during childhood. These are: so-called benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood, benign paroxysmal torticollis, basilar migraine, spasmus nutans, visual-cliff phenomenon, and kinetosis. Careful examinations are necessary to differentiate these illnesses from vestibular epilepsy, brain tumours, and hereditary episodic vertigo. Neuro-otologic examination in children, especially small children, is a kind of "stepchild" in ENT departments. The reasons are the time-consuming examination necessary in the case of children and by problems connected with a plethora of troublesome individual tests. Additional difficulties arise in cases of sensory, mental, and other impairments. - The paper gives an overview of vestibular disturbances during childhood and diagnostic procedures for determination by means of Frenzel glasses, electronystagmography, cranio-corpography, and posturography.
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PMID:[Equilibrium disorders and their diagnosis in childhood]. 174 79

An evaluation was made of results of electrocochleography (ECoG) in a group of 75 children, tested during the last four years in the ENT department of the Leiden University Hospital. Eleven years was taken as the upper age limit; 79% of our group were younger than three and a half years. In only 60% of the children the cause of the hearing loss was clarified. In this group maternal rubella followed by meningitis and retardation were the most frequent cases of deafness. Cochlear microphonics (CM) could be measured in all the children. Examples are given of cochlear responses of children belonging to 6 different threshold categories. The responses of the largest category (56 children) with the highest loss (larger than 80 dB) were very abnormal. For the categories with less hearing loss the ECoG was not restricted to threshold determination and the origin of the hearing loss could be demonstrated, while a contribution of conduction loss could be derived from a horizontal shift of the latency-intensity function to higher intensity levels. The potentialities and limitations of ECoG and brainstem electric response audiometry (BERA) for threshold determination are discussed, particularly against the background of the time consumption of both procedures and the invasive character of ECoG.
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PMID:Evaluation of electrocochleographic audiogram determination in infants. 189 59

The problem of otogenic intracranial complications is very important for medical practice. This paper presents data on the incidence, clinical development and outcome of intracranial complications of purulent otitis media. During 1979-1988 the ENT Department of the City First Aid Hospital treated 82 patients with otogenic intracranial complications, which developed often in the case of acute than chronic otitis media. The lethality rate caused by otogenic meningitis and meningoencephalitis was 0.95% in the patients with acute otitis media and 0.5% in the patients with chronic otitis media. In view of this, it is recommended to extend the list of indications for hospitalization of patients with acute otitis media. It is strongly recommended to admit to hospitals patients with acute otitis media caused by severe flu, pregnant women, patients with severe visceral pathologies, and old age patients.
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PMID:[Otogenic intracranial complications in an urban emergency service hospital]. 215 Jan 38

During the past 15 years we treated at the ENT department and ophthalmological department of the hospital with policlinic type III in Nitra 10 patients with orbital phlegmons or an abscess of the eyelid after an eye injury treated and cured by antibiotic treatment and external drainage. Twelve patients had a rhinogenic phlegmon or abscess in the orbit (one patient had a dentogenic aetiology of the inflammation). This group of 12 patients were treated in addition to antibiotics in different combinations also surgically (in one case also by drainage of the abscess from a lateral quadrant of the orbit). In five instances the authors found in addition to the phlegmon of the periorbital tissue also an abscess in the depth of the orbit and six times an abscess of the eyelid. Despite the radical approach to the inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and inflammation of the orbit, two patients developed blindness of the damaged eye and one patient died from rhinogenic suppurative meningitis.
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PMID:[Rhinogenous phlegmons of the orbit]. 222 63

At the ENT clinic in Luanda, Angola, 110 consecutive cases of children with chronic otitis media (COM) were studied to find out some clinical characteristics regarding age of onset and duration of otorrhea as well as the general state of health of the children. Eighty-five percent of the children had had longstanding otorrhea. In 75% of all the cases ear discharge had started during early childhood. It was possible to institute a simple conservative treatment of COM. Fifty percent returned to the clinic for a follow-up. The majority of the children came from families who lived under fairly good social conditions. One-hundred and five children with sensorineural hearing loss consulted the clinic. Many of them had had their hearing loss for several years before coming to the clinic. The etiology was in 39 cases infectious disease, meningitis being the most common one. Seventy-two percent had severe to profound hearing loss. Children with slight to moderate hearing loss rarely appeared at the clinic. Some of the hearing-handicapped children could be sent to a special school for rehabilitation.
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PMID:Otitis media and hearing loss in children attending an ENT clinic in Luanda, Angola. 228 6

Recurrent meningitis in children is not only a potentially life threatening condition, but often involves the child in the trauma of repeated hospital admissions and multiple and invasive investigations to try and find an underlying cause. Symptoms and signs of CSF rhinorrhoea or otorrhoea are infrequent in these patients. Unilateral deafness may be difficult to diagnose in the young child. Full ENT examination may be normal. We report seven cases of children with recurrent meningitis in whom inner ear abnormalities were only indicated as the site of entry of infection by hypocycloidal tomography or high resolution CT scanning of the temporal bone. Subsequent tympanotomy confirmed the site of the CSF leak as the oval window in the majority of cases; packing the vestibule with muscle halted further attacks in these patients.
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PMID:Recurrent meningitis in children due to inner ear abnormalities. 275 16

A 53-year-old female patient who presented with recurrent meningitis as a result of a meningioma, is reported. The meningioma was found to be wholly contained within the left mastoid antrium. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of a meningioma localised to the mastoid antrium. The patient had been assessed in the ENT department on two separate occasions, 17 years and 19 years previously for nebulous symptoms related to the left ear which had cleared spontaneously. Following a second episode of pyogenic meningitis, both of which were associated with aural symptoms, radiological examination suggested an intramastoid pathology which prompted mastoid exploration. Histological examination of the mass confined to the mastoid antum provided the diagnosis of meningioma. There was no clinical or radiological evidence of extratemporal spread of tumour.
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PMID:Recurrent meningitis associated with meningioma of the mastoid cavity. 292 64

A multidisciplinary approach by the neurosurgeon, ENT surgeon, and plastic surgeon has been used in seven patients with extensive tumors involving the middle and posterior skull base. Wide resection of these tumors was accomplished, and the resultant defect of the cranial base was reconstructed using free rectus abdominis muscle flaps. The free muscle flap has been used to reconstruct defects in the posterior and lateral walls of the nasopharynx, obliterate the exposed paranasal sinuses, and cover tenuous dural repairs or dural grafts overlying the temporal lobe and posterior fossa to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage and ascending meningitis.
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PMID:Free rectus abdominis muscle flap reconstruction of the middle and posterior cranial base. 294 17

This retrospective hospital study concerns 159 infectious episodes observed in 60 patients with chronic lymphoid leukaemia (CLL) staged A, B or C on first admission. The most frequent site of infection was pulmonary (33%), followed by ENT and stomatological infections (15%), septicaemia (9%), urinary and genital tracts infections (9%), herpes virus infections (9%), skin and soft tissue purulent sepsis (8%), digestive tract (3%) and meningeal (1%) infections and isolated fever (8%). Seventy nine bacteria were isolated, including 35 Gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus spp. 12, Streptococcus spp. 13, D. pneumoniae 5, Enterococcus spp. 5), 43 Gram-negative bacilli (Enterobacteriaceae 36, Pseudomonas spp. 5, Haemophilus influenzae 2) and 1 M. tuberculosis. The other documented infections were: candidiasis 11, viral infections 19 (including 17 of the herpes group) and 2 parasitoses (1 pneumocystosis, 1 toxoplasmosis). Sixteen patients died of toxic -infectious shock (9 cases, including 1 meningitis) or pneumonia (7 cases, including one chicken-pox). Stage C leukaemia and granulopenia (less than 1 X 10(9) PN/l) were associated with significantly more frequent and severe infections.
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PMID:[Severe infections associated with chronic lymphoid leukemia. 159 infectious episodes in 60 patients]. 294 30

Twenty-four patients have undergone resection of tumours involving the cranial base by a multidisciplinary team consisting of a neurosurgeon, ENT surgeon and plastic surgeon. The resultant defects of the cranial base have been reconstructed using local fascial flaps, transposition of local muscle flaps and microsurgical transfer of free muscle flaps. Indications for reconstruction have included obliteration of paranasal sinuses, coverage of tenuous dural repairs or dural grafts and separation of the nasopharynx from the dura of the frontal and temporal lobes and posterior fossa to prevent CSF leakage and meningitis.
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PMID:Reconstruction of the cranial base following tumour resection. 303 19


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