Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The average concentration in 75 female/male patients was 1.90 +/- 1.10/1.55 +/- 0.62 mg/l in serum, 0.81 +/- 0.42/0.74 +/- 0.48 mg/kg in bone, 2.40 +/- 1.16/1.94 +/- 0.87 mg/kg in cartilage, and 2.35 +/- 1.28/1.99 +/- 1.02 mg/kg in mucosa. In each case the highest serum or tissue concentrations were observed 2 hours after the last ofloxacin administration (serum 2.60 +/- 0.41 mg/l, bone 1.10 +/- 0.75 mg/kg, cartilage 3.40 +/- 0.86 mg/kg, mucosa 3.50 +/- 1.05 mg/kg), but even 8 hours after the last dose the levels still exceeded the MIC 90% of e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus or Haemophilus influenzae. The clinical investigations carried out show that ofloxacin represents a new oral therapeutic agent of significant value in otorhinolaryngology, particularly in the treatment of problematic infections. As the investigations show, the level in healthy tissue is definitely within the therapeutic region for a period of 8 hours. In ENT (nasal and paranasal) infections, ofloxacin should be given for defined indications, e.g. for oral therapy of problematic infections due to P. aeruginosa, and if possible after identification of the pathogen.
Infection
PMID:Penetration of ofloxacin into nasal tissues. 844 87

The otorhinolaryngological signs of AIDS are reviewed (both analysis and synthesis) following the chronological order of the literature. The earliest clinical pictures, their frequency and time of onset, are described by the authors studied. In 1986 the ENT signs of this disease were well known, and in our region the same multiple, polyfacetic aspects are seen. Personal experience of this is described, emphasizing how seldom the diagnosis has been made, except early on. Usually the cases seen and diagnosed by the Department of Infectious Diseases were referred for specialist opinion. The commonest findings were, amongst the opportunist infections: oropharyngeal and oesophageal candidiasis, and tuberculous adenopathies. Classical ENT pathology was represented by sinusitis and to a lesser extent by otitis and tonsillitis. The tumours seen were non-Hodgkin lymphomas, but no Hodgkin's or Burkitt's lymphomas. There was an unusual case of 'high grade centroblastic lymphoma', localized to the tonsil and presenting as necrotic tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess. Recently a patient with a large pharyngeal tumour (still being investigated) has been provisionally diagnosed as having a cavernous angioma. Both these patients were diagnosed by us, since we saw the first sign of the disease. We have seen few Kaposi's sarcomas, since cutaneous and oral lesions are not usually referred to us.
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PMID:[AIDS manifestations in otorhinolaryngology]. 906 87

Recently, in daily newspapers and on television, attention of the audience has been focused on the overuse of antibiotics and on the role it plays in the emergence and dissemination of resistance mechanisms in the human environment. The role of food from animal origin in relation to the use of antibiotic resistance, infectious diseases, medical practice and ENT infections have accepted to answer a series of questions concerning risks versus usefulness of antibiotic usage. From the answers, we may note convergent views and discrepancies: (i) there was agreement concerning the unnecessary prescription of antibiotics in rhinopharyngitis and few other common viral infections; (ii) the risk of misuse of antibiotics in patients with poor compliance and further risk of erroneous self prescription of the remaining tablets has been cited; (iii) in the problem of resistance resulting from growth promoting antibiotics in animals, it has been experimentally shown that from 2 bacteria of the same species introduced in the animal gut, one susceptible, the other resistant, the latter will be eliminated by means of the "barrier effect"; similarly in case of transfer of resistance from an exogenous bacteria to a "resident" organism of the gut, the latter will be eliminated by the homologous susceptible ones; only an antibiotic therapy may confer importance to the resistant bacteria. In this respect, care should be taken for resistance spread such as that concerning penicillin-resistant pneumococci and surveillance and control of resistance mechanisms has become necessary. However we should look with reluctance at the diffusion of inevitably simplified and truncated information from Media, showing the negative aspects of antibiotics only. Moreover, as underlined by the expert from the Institut Pasteur, there are new perspectives in the development of effective new agents based on the modern "genomic" research.
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PMID:[Forum on bacterial resistance]. 985 Jun 99

The National Research Institute for Prescriptions and Consumption of medicines which was founded under the authority of the Minister of Health, is charged with the following missions: improved evaluation of the therapeutic needs of the population; more precise knowledge of therapeutic management; the identification of possible deviations in relation to systems of reference; recommendations in favor of correct use of medicines; and the optimization of patient management. Its first report concerned the antibiotic therapy of respiratory infections. In France, the average annual increase rate of the frequency of antibiotics consumption was in the region of 3.7%, between the periods 1980-1981 and 1991-1992. It essentially concerned cephalosporins and quinolones. Between 1991 and 1996 antibiotics sales increased on average by 2.1%, in units, per year. The increase of this consumption, which was not justified by any epidemiological evolution, is partly explained by the high frequency of antibiotic prescriptions during respiratory or ENT affections presumed to be of viral etiology: in 40% of rhinopharyngitis, 80% of acute bronchitis and more than 90% of anginas, whatever the age. Moreover the antibiotic treatments were not prescribed optimally: too long duration, insufficient dosages. Such phenomena are disturbing with regard to their consequences on the evolution of bacterial resistances. A comparison between French practices and those of Germany and the United Kingdom suggests that recourse to treatment is more frequent in France for the infectious diseases mentioned above, with more intensive utilization of antibiotics, in particular broad-spectrum penicillins. Recommendations have been made in favor of a rationalisation of practices.
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PMID:[French National Institute for observation of prescriptions and consumption of medicines. Prescription and consumption of antibiotics in ambulatory care]. 1043 89

A diagnosis-antibiotic prescribing study initiated by the Swedish Strategic Programme for the Rational Use of Antimicrobial Agents and Surveillance of Resistance was performed in 5 counties in Sweden (total 1,290,000 inhabitants) during 1 week in November 2000. The aims of the study were to analyse diagnoses and antibiotics prescribed for outpatients and to appraise the feasibility of the data collection method. Physicians in primary care and departments of ENT, paediatrics and infectious diseases completed a questionnaire for each patient with an infectious disease complaint, including information about age, sex, diagnosis, diagnostic methods used and treatment. When an antibiotic was prescribed, the type and duration of treatment were noted. A total of 7,071 forms were returned, of which 7,029 included information on diagnosis; infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract and the skin or soft tissues were responsible for 70%, 14% and 10% of the visits, respectively. Antibiotics were prescribed in 59% of all cases and phenoxymethylpenicillin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic. Of the forms returned, 94% emanated from primary care centres. In conclusion, this study provides information on the treatment pattern associated with various diagnoses and the pattern of use of various antibiotics. Such a study is relatively simple to perform and entails only a small extra workload for the participants.
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PMID:Antibiotic prescribing in outpatients: a 1-week diagnosis-prescribing study in 5 counties in Sweden. 1216 Jan 72

In order to investigate the effect of oxidative damage due to free radicals on ENT infectious diseases, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GRt) and the total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured by spectrophotometry on tonsillar tissue obtained from tonsillectomy in 538 patients, who were divided in three groups according to their surgical indication: tonsillar hypertrophy (n = 235), recurrent tonsillitis (n = 280) or peritonsillar abscess (n = 23). SOD concentration were also measured on adenoid tissue and middle ear exudate in 75 patients from the first two groups. Erythrocyte and tonsillar SOD levels were significantly greater in the abscess group, and lower in the hypertrophic one. These differences were similar for GPx and TAS. For GRt, its level in abscess were lower than in the other two groups in a statistically significant way. There were strong correlations between erythrocyte and tonsillar SOD, tonsillar SOD and GPx, tonsillar SOD and TAS, and tonsillar GPx and TAS. SOD concentrations from adenoid tissue and middle ear exudate did not affect its blood level. So, we can conclude that tonsillar oxidative damage is determined by the frequency or the severity of local infections, and it can be evaluated by measuring the SOD concentration in the tonsillar tissue or in the peripheral blood. So, it can be considered a good marker of tonsillar damage.
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PMID:[Oxidative profile of tonsil infection. Study of antioxidant enzymes in tonsil and blood]. 1240 89

Infection is the main factor of morbidity and mortality in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). The objective of this study is to determine it's epidemiologic outline in senegalese children and adolescents with SCD. We retrospectively studied infection data in all the charts of a cohort of 323 patients with SCD (307 SS, 13 SC and 3 s beta + thalassemia) followed at Albert Royer children hospital from january 1991 to december 1997. Serum sampling was systematically made for HIV and antigen HBs serology in all patients we received in the last 3 months (october to december 1997). Patients were aged from 5 months to 22 years (medium age = 8 years). 813 infection episodes were diagnosed, concerning 184 patients (56 per cent). SS patients were more affected (59 per cent) than the others (23 per cent, p = 0.04). ENT and broncho-pulmonary onsets were more frequent but had a generally benign course. Menigitidis, septicemia and osteomyelitis were exclusively diagnosed in SS patients. Their prevalences in this group were respectively: 1.0 per cent, 4.9 per cent and 9.8 per cent. HIV serology was determined in 155 patients, including 41 per cent with blood transfusion antecedents. All tests were negative. HBs antigen was determined in 104 patients and seroprevalence was 7.7 per cent in the whole group and 6.0 per cent in patients with transfusion antecedents and 7.7 per cent for the others. Plasmodium falciparum malaria onset was observed in 9.6 per cent of our patients and there was no case of cerebral malaria. Infection was involved in 9 of the 11 cases of death. Then infection constitute the major problem in children and adolescents with SCD in Dakar. However prevalences of severe onsets are comparable to data in Europe despite our poor follow up conditions. Senegal haplotype may lead to a good tolerance of SCD. Negative HIV serology and low HBs antigen seroprevalence in transfused patients are attributed to a relatively low level of HIV prevalence in the general population and a good transfusion security in Senegal.
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PMID:[Infections in Senegalese children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia: epidemiological aspects]. 1466 92

Our main goal was performing a retrospective study about peritonsillar cellulitis and abscess to prove the efficiency of treatment. So that we have collected 100 clinical histories of admitted patients in our ENT Service between 1990 and 2001 with such pathology and analysed a serie of variables and the treatment given in each case. It is one of the most common infectious diseases of the head and neck region. If aspiration positive, it require an incision and drainage to improve the symptoms (throat pain, fever, dysphagia and trismus). We have made no immediate tonsillectomies. All the patients were hospitalized and average stay was 3 days. 21 patients were re-admitted because of a recurrence pathology before the later programmed surgery.
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PMID:[Peritonsillar phlegmons and abscesses. Retrospective study of 100 cases]. 1497 Nov 36

A cohort trial of hypoacusis was made in three districts of the Central Federal Region for three years. 11.6% of all hypoacusis and deafness were children under 14 years of age: under 1 year -- 6.3%, 1-3 years -- 9.4%, 4-7 years -- 39.8%, 8-14 years -- 44.4%. Hearing problems were detected in 4% of children under 1 year. In 1-3-year-olds hypoacusis was detected in 13.3%, in 4-7-year-olds -- in 43.2%, in 8-14-year-olds -- in 39.5%. It was established that only in 33.6% junior children hearing defects were related to ENT pathology. 30.4% of hearing lesions in children arise due to pathological pregnancy and labor, 12.5% -- after infectious diseases.
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PMID:[Hearing in children of the Central Federal Region]. 1570 3

Endo larynges tracheal stenoses due to endo luminal or extra luminal processes of benign or malignant character in majority of cases demand the resection of a stenosed part. The use of a stent represents a necessity. In this paper we analyzed 10- year experience of the ENT Clinic of the University Clinical Center Sarajevo regarding the use of stents. 26 patients underwent surgery in a period 1995-2005. Prolonged endo tracheal intubations are encountered as a primary cause of stenoses (73 %). Infection and granulations are noted as a complication in 15,3% of cases. Stent is removed in 16 patients within 3 months and in 7 patients after 12 months.
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PMID:[Stents in treatment of laryngotracheal stenoses]. 1671 39


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