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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy and tolerance of the new oral cephalosporin cefaclor was tested in 61 patients treated for a variety of moderate to severe ENT infections which were not expected to undergo a spontaneous remission without antibacterial therapy. The most frequently isolated pathogens were streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. The dosage consisted of 500 mg cefaclor three times daily, and the treatment lasted between 4 and 43 days (average 14 days). In 35 cases, some of whom had already been treated unsuccussfully with another antibiotic, the results were very good. In 22 patients locally applied medicaments or surgery contributed to the good result. In four patients an unequivocal evaluation was not possible or therapy was not successful. The frequently noted rapid response to treatment with cefaclor was impressive. No relapses were recorded. In pharmacokinetic studies a cefaclor concentration of 2.8 mcg/g was obtained in the tonsils 90 minutes after oral administration of 1000 mg. Clinical examinations in 61 patients and a complete range of laboratory tests in 47 patients did not reveal any case of allergic reaction. One patient only complained of nausea and diarrhoea. In two patients temporary low grade thrombopenia and thrombocytosis respectively were observed. In several patients a slight transitory rise in transaminases was seen. Cefaclor thus proved to be an effective and well-tolerated antibiotic. Its indications in the treatment of ENT infections are discussed.
Infection 1979
PMID:[Experience with cefaclor in the treatment of ear, nose and throat infections. Indications for cefaclor therapy (author's transl)]. 55 Oct 89

Infection from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is well known for the particular host susceptibility to a variety of opportunistic infections and unusual malignant neoplasms. Although no tumor develops exclusively in concomitance with HIV infection, malignancies in these patients have different clinical behaviour, response to treatment and prognosis than the pattern observed in HIV negative hosts. Kaposi's sarcoma (EKS) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are tumors per se diagnostic of AIDS in patients with HIV infection. From 1987 to 1991, 210 HIV positive patients underwent ENT examination without symptom-related selection: 128 were intravenous drug users, 50 homosexual males, 22 heterosexuals, 4 intravenous male homosexual drug users, 3 blood recipients and 3 subjects without known risk factors. Sixteen were allocated in group II, 37 in III, 9 in IV A, 2 in IV B, 31 in IV C1, 37 in IV C2, 48 in IV D and 30 in IV E. Fourteen had head and neck EKS localization. All were males, with a median age of 40 of which 11/14 were homosexuals. The concomitant involvement of skin and mucosa was the most common manifestation and the palate was the most frequently affected mucosal site. Twenty-four had NHL localized within the head and neck: 21 males and 4 females with a average age of 38, 10 intravenous drug users, 9 homosexual males, 3 heterosexuals, 1 blood recipient, 1 subject without known risk factors. Extranodal localization was the most frequent characteristic while the gums were the most commonly involved site. The main characteristics of head and neck manifestations of EKS and NHL are reported with references to literature. The majority of HIV infected patients with EKS or NHL have ENT localizations, perhaps because lymphatic tissue, a HIV target, is well represented in this area and contamination by infectious agents (such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, probably involved in the pathogenesis of EKS and NHL) can easily occur in the head and neck. The otolaryngologist should be aware of the various, and sometimes misleading, characteristics of these diseases.
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PMID:[The cervicofacial manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma and of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in HIV-infected patients]. 141 19

The purpose of this research study was to determine whether the clean technique of tracheotomy care is the same, or more, secure from the aseptic, by testing the difference in the level of postoperative pulmonary infection between tracheotomized patients receiving aseptic and those receiving clean tracheotomy care. The sample consisted of 103 patients with tracheotomy (transient or permanent) from ENT or IC units of four big hospitals of Athens. The level of the patient's pulmonary infection was defined using the Weighted Level of Pulmonary Infection Tool, which was constructed especially for this research study. The data were analysed using the x2 statistical test, and the coefficients phi, Cramer's V and Kendall's, while, with the same statistics, the relationship between certain important external variables and the dependent variable was examined. The findings indicated that no statistically significant difference exists between clean and aseptic technique as to the level of pulmonary infection when used for tracheotomy postoperative care of tracheotomized patients.
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PMID:[Study of clean versus aseptic technique of tracheotomy care based on the level of pulmonary infection]. 144 5

2 g ampicillin and 1 g sulbactam were given by infusion to 24 patients who were to be operated on in the ENT region. About 1 hour later during the operation samples of serum and of various tissues were taken and analysed for ampicillin and sulbactam. The mean serum concentrations of ampicillin and sulbactam were 59.2 mg/l and 31.6 mg/l, respectively. At the same time the concentrations of the two drugs were usually lower in the tissues than in serum. About 1 hour after the infusion the mean tissue concentration of ampicillin was 33.5 mg/kg and of sulbactam 19.5 mg/kg. The results show that ampicillin and sulbactam penetrate within an hour into the different tissues affected by the operation and maintain about the same ratio as in serum (2:1). The concentrations of ampicillin and sulbactam measured in the different compartments are capable of inhibiting the bacteria most frequently involved in ENT infections. These measurements unequivocally support the use of the ampicillin/sulbactam combination in the treatment and perioperative prophylaxis of bacterial infections of the ENT tract.
Infection
PMID:Concentrations of ampicillin and sulbactam in serum and tissues of patients undergoing ENT surgery. 201 13

One hundred and sixty four ENT patients were observed at the Kashima village hospital located on the remote, isolated islands (Islands of Koshiki), Kagoshima prefecture, during two years of April 1987 to March 1989. They were composed of the following conditions; 1. Of the 164 individuals, 46 cases, showing 28.1% were admitted from the other inconvenient districts. 2. About a half of all the patients with acute infectious diseases might be treated by their home doctors. 3. The patients required operative care were contained in the individuals with chronic inflammatory diseases. 4. Most of the cases with acute otitis in summer were caused by naked diving to catch the fishes in these islands. 5. The incidence of the chronic ENT diseases such as perceptive hearing disturbances including the presbyacusis, chronic otitis media, chronic sinusitis, and laryngopharyngeal paresthesia in order, were the same as one of the previous reports in the other remote isolated islands. All the general practitioners worked in the remote isolated islands should be necessary to have a special training of fundamental knowledges and clinical skills in otolaryngology.
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PMID:[A clinical study on the patients with otolaryngological diseases in Koshiki Islands]. 203 48

The clinical efficacy and tolerance of cefixime were evaluated in an open uncontrolled clinical trial including 37 patients suffering from ENT-infections. The MIC90 values of this new oral cephalosporin against gram-negative pathogens are less than 1 mg/l. The antibacterial activity of cefixime against gram-negative pathogens is stronger than that of other oral cephalosporins. Cefixime was administered for five to twelve days twice daily in a dose of 200 mg. In one patient the treatment with cefixime was discontinued after five days due to perioral dermatitis. In 33 of 36 patients cure or distinct improvement was observed after cefixime treatment, showing a clinical success rate of 91.7%. Causative organisms were isolated in 17 of 37 patients (47.2%). After the cefixime therapy the causative organisms were eradicated in 13 of 17 patients (76.5%). The tolerance of cefixime is comparable with that of other oral cephalosporins.
Infection 1990
PMID:[Cefixime treatment in different bacterial infections in the ENT region]. 207 71

While headache frequently arises from local dysfunction, there are many systemic diseases in which headache may be the initial or sole manifestation of the underlying process. These include infectious disease, vascular disease, drug or heavy metal intoxication, metabolic abnormalities, migraine, cluster headache, headache associated with ENT disease and cranial neuralgias (these disease entities are described in detail in the International Headache Society Classification). The work up of a patient with headache must include a consideration of these entities.
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PMID:Headache as an initial manifestation of systemic disease. 209 55

At the ENT clinic in Luanda, Angola, 110 consecutive cases of children with chronic otitis media (COM) were studied to find out some clinical characteristics regarding age of onset and duration of otorrhea as well as the general state of health of the children. Eighty-five percent of the children had had longstanding otorrhea. In 75% of all the cases ear discharge had started during early childhood. It was possible to institute a simple conservative treatment of COM. Fifty percent returned to the clinic for a follow-up. The majority of the children came from families who lived under fairly good social conditions. One-hundred and five children with sensorineural hearing loss consulted the clinic. Many of them had had their hearing loss for several years before coming to the clinic. The etiology was in 39 cases infectious disease, meningitis being the most common one. Seventy-two percent had severe to profound hearing loss. Children with slight to moderate hearing loss rarely appeared at the clinic. Some of the hearing-handicapped children could be sent to a special school for rehabilitation.
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PMID:Otitis media and hearing loss in children attending an ENT clinic in Luanda, Angola. 228 6

Three hundred and one patients with maxillary sinusitis participated in a double-blind, randomized study at 11 ENT-clinics in Europe. Sinusitis was diagnosed by the presence of at least two signs and symptoms and sinus X-ray showing more than 6 mm swelling of the maxillary mucosa. A microbiological specimen was obtained by intrasinusal aspiration. The patients were randomly assigned to treatment either with bacampillin 800 mg b. i. d. or with amoxicillin 500 mg t. i. d. for ten days. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae (94 strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae (66 strains) and Branhamella catarrhalis (12 strains). In 96 of the patients, no microorganisms could be isolated. Beta-lactamase production was found in one H. influenzae strain and in three B. catarrhalis strains. Two hundred and seventy-one patients could be evaluated for efficacy at the follow-up visit day 8-25. The overall clinical outcome was the same in both treatment groups. Adverse events such as skin reactions and upper and lower gastrointestinal reactions occurred in 17.4% of the amoxicillin treated patients and in 10.8% of the bacampicillin treated patients (p = 0.101).
Infection
PMID:Efficacy of penicillin treatment in purulent maxillary sinusitis. A European multicenter trial. 314 Dec 90

In comparison to sexual contact the transmitted droplet infection or the mucosa contact are of minor relevance for HIV, the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency (AIDS). These channels of infections should nevertheless not be disregarded. Due to his activity, connected with a very close contact with exudations of a wound, blood, saliva and mucosae, the ENT-specialist increased hazard of infection by the HIV virus. Since 80% of the infected persons are able to discharge viruses free from symptoms for years, the ENT specialist should be informed about the pattern of distribution of this infectious disease as well as about suitable methods of prevention. Recommendations to practice and clinic for the prevention of transmitting HIV infections are given.
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PMID:[Prevention of HIV infections (AIDS) in ENT practice and the clinic]. 369 61


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