Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since the last 30 years metered-dose pressurised aerosols have largely contributed to the treatment of asthma with inhaled beta-2 stimulants and corticosteroids. Two problems, however, are associated with these aerosols: (1) small amounts of active substance are deposited in the lungs and larger amounts in the mouth and pharynx; (2) aerosols are uneasy to use because of lack of coordination between actuation and inhalation and absence of apnoea at the end of inspiration. An elegant solution of these problems is the inhalation chamber: a reservoir inserted between the patient's mouth and the aerosol, which increases the lung deposition, reduces the ENT deposition and makes coordination unnecessary. The inhalation chamber is primarily indicated for patients with poor coordination. When beta-2 stimulants are inhaled the therapeutic benefit can be measured by a gain of efficacy in poor coordinators. When corticosteroids are inhaled the benefit is measured by a better local tolerance and, to some extent, by a gain in therapeutic effectiveness; the inhalation chamber here is indicated for patients with ENT complications (e.g. candidiasis, dysphonia) or for the most severe cases requiring high-dose therapy. The introduction of inhalation chamber must be regarded as an improvement in the management of asthma, taking into account the potential risk of poor compliance, and in such cases the development of powder inhalers may be envisaged.
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PMID:[Inhalation chambers]. 168 75

This retrospective hospital study concerns 159 infectious episodes observed in 60 patients with chronic lymphoid leukaemia (CLL) staged A, B or C on first admission. The most frequent site of infection was pulmonary (33%), followed by ENT and stomatological infections (15%), septicaemia (9%), urinary and genital tracts infections (9%), herpes virus infections (9%), skin and soft tissue purulent sepsis (8%), digestive tract (3%) and meningeal (1%) infections and isolated fever (8%). Seventy nine bacteria were isolated, including 35 Gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus spp. 12, Streptococcus spp. 13, D. pneumoniae 5, Enterococcus spp. 5), 43 Gram-negative bacilli (Enterobacteriaceae 36, Pseudomonas spp. 5, Haemophilus influenzae 2) and 1 M. tuberculosis. The other documented infections were: candidiasis 11, viral infections 19 (including 17 of the herpes group) and 2 parasitoses (1 pneumocystosis, 1 toxoplasmosis). Sixteen patients died of toxic -infectious shock (9 cases, including 1 meningitis) or pneumonia (7 cases, including one chicken-pox). Stage C leukaemia and granulopenia (less than 1 X 10(9) PN/l) were associated with significantly more frequent and severe infections.
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PMID:[Severe infections associated with chronic lymphoid leukemia. 159 infectious episodes in 60 patients]. 294 30

The authors report two cases of bullous rashes with an ENT onset: 1. a benign mucosal pemphigoid; 2. a pemphigus vulgaris. On the basis of these cases, they indicate the need to consider the possibility of bullous lesions in the presence of any persistent erosion of the nasal or bucopharyngeal mucosa, the diagnosis of which should be dominated by the identification of a possible pemphigus, the prognostic and therapeutic consequences of which remain serious. The clinical onset may be confined for a long period to the E.N.T. musoca. It may present with dysphagia and pain, or sometimes by simple epistaxis. The commonest diagnostic errors are aphthous ulcers and candidiasis which may, in the case of the latter, be associated with bullous lesions. They also report the possible problems which may result from endoscopic manoeuvres in the case of pemphigus. Any persistent erosion of the mucosae in the E.N.T. area should be evaluated by diagnostic cytology which would offer positive identification of pemphigus.
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PMID:[Problems of bullous lesions in E.N.T. Based upon two cases (author's transl)]. 699 56

The ENT manifestations of HIV infection are well known and the findings in AIDS patients have been described, nevertheless there are no reports of the frequency of head and neck involvement during the various stages of the disease. From 1987 to 1991, 210 HIV positive patients had ENT evaluation without symptoms-related selection. The majority of them were men and intravenous drug users. The frequency of enlarged neck nodes, neck mass, nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue hypertrophy, extranodal localization of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Kaposi's sarcoma, oral hairy leukoplakia, candidiasis and other less common findings is reported, in relation to the stage of the disease. Overall 84 per cent of the observed patients had head and neck manifestations. An ENT evaluation in every HIV infected patient is suggested.
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PMID:Head and neck manifestations during HIV infection. 849 46

Mycotic diseases are ubiquitous pathologies. Candidiasis frequently affects oral and pharyngeal mucosa (oropharyngeal candidiasis). The immunodeficiency conditions are the key factors responsible for the development of mycoses. Colonization of pharyngeal mucosa by yeast-like fungi is a frequent consequence of local and systemic antibacterial therapy. Clinical manifestations of ENT diseases caused by microscopic fungi depend on the localization of the pathological process. Mycotic lesions in the pharynx are especially often caused by fungi of the genus Candida. Mild cases are possible to manage by the local treatment. Severe infection refractory to local therapy and characterized by regular relapses require systemic antimycotic agents to be applied. The application of fluconazole is generally accepted to be the method of choice for the elimination of different strains of Candida.
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PMID:[Oropharyngeal candidiasis in the practical work of the otorhinolaryngologist]. 2131 55

The objective of the present study was to estimate the efficacy of laripront intended for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the laryngopharynx in the children. Available for the observation were 50 patients aged between 4 and 14 years suffering from the following ENT pathologies: adenoiditis, lacunar tonsillitis, acute laryngitis, chronic tonsillitis, oropharyngeal candidiasis, chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis, atrophic pharyngolaryngitis after the chemical burn of the mouse cavity and laryngopharynx or in the case of gastroesophageal reflux disease. All the patients enjoyed the positive outcome of the treatment that was especially efficacions in the patients with acute pathologies. No adverse effects of the treatment were documented.
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PMID:[The application of laripront in the pediatric otorhinolaryngological practice]. 2325 May 35

The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of chronic pathology of ENT organs and mucous membrane of the oral cavity in the HIV-infected patients depending on the number of cells containing CD4 markers in 1 mcl of blood plasma. It was shown that the prevalence of chronic pathology of ENT organs and oral mucosa in the HIV-infected patients depends on the number of cells carrying CD4 markers in 1 mcl of blood plasma. This pathology was found in 64.6% of the patients at immunological stage I of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (over 500 CD4 per 1 mcl plasma), in 73.4% of the patients at stage II of HIV infection (200-499 CD4/1 mcl), and in 90.7% of the patients at stage III of HIV infection (less than 200 CD4/1 mcl). The frequency of individual nosological forms of ENT disease at different stages of infection with human immunodeficiency virus is discussed. Certain diseases pathognomonic for HIV-infected adult subjects were identified including adenoid vegetations, cheilitis, oral hairy leukoplakia, and oropharyngeal candidiasis. Combined chronic pathology of ENT organs as well as certain clinical features of the above diseases may suggest diagnosis of immunodeficiency and require the assessment for the HIV status.
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PMID:[The prevalence of chronic pathology of ENT organs and oral mucosa in the HIV-infected patients depending on their immune status]. 2352 60