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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thiamine deficiency in the chronic alcoholic would appear to have a triple origin: inadequate intake, absorption and utilisation. Its consequences are well known: peripheral neuropathy, WERNICKE and KORSAKOFF type encephalopathies and cardiac problems (with asystole at the extreme). The active principle of thiamine, TPP or cocarboxylase, is involved as a coenzyme of pyruvate decarboxylase and of alphaketoglutarate decarboxylase in the ocidative decarboxylation reactions of the Krebs cycle. TPP is involved as a coenzyme of transketolase in the transketolisation reactions of the pentose pathway. The stimation of transketolase demonstrates a deficiency in thiamine. Fourteen patients suffering from surgical ENT malignancies were involved in the present study. Seven patients received vitamin B therapy before and after the operation. The results showed a significant decrease in thiamine deficiency. Seven were used as controls and did not receive vitamin B therapy. Transketolase estimations showed and increase in the deficiency. Thiamine deficiency exists in the chronic alcoholic and may be corrected by the administration of B vitamins.
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PMID:[Thiamine deficiency in chronic alcoholics. Value of pre- and postoperative treatment]. 2 27

Significant increase of plasma level beta2-microglobulin in cancer patients (breast, bronchus, colorectal and ENT) occurs rarely. More, the highest levels observed are within the range of non malignant diseases. We cannot assume that beta2-microglobulin assay will be useful as tumor marker.
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PMID:[Determination of beta2-microglobulin in breast, lung, colorectal and ENT carcinoma (author's transl)]. 8 82

Von Recklinghausen's Disease (VRD) is a neurocutaneous, systemic disease characterized by CNS tumors and disorders, cafe-au-lait spots, generalized cutaneous neurofibromata, skeletal deformities, and somatic and endocrine abnormalities. It is an autosomal dominant, hereditary disorder found in approximately 1:2500 to 3300 births. There are many manifestations of this disease in the head and neck region of interest to the otolaryngologist. Case reports of three patients with multiple ENT involvements are detailed. A review of the literature is presented with a brief discussion of diagnosis and treatment. The most common intracranial tumor in the adult is the acoustic neuroma, usually bilateral, while in the child it is the astrocytoma. A defect in the sphenoid bone is common and may produce temporal lobe herniation into the orbit causing pulsatile exophthalmos. Involvement of the facial bones usually causes radiolucent defects secondary to neurofibromata within nerve pathways, and a variety of asymmetrical changes, especially within the mandible. "Elephantiasis" of the face is a hypertrophy of the soft tissues overlying a neurofibroma, often quite extensive and disfiguring. Laryngeal and neck involvement may compromise the airway and early and repeated surgical intervention is required. The over-all malignancy rate approaches 30%, indicating that the patient with VRD may be predisposed to developing a malignancy. There appears to be an increased surgical risk in these patients, with some demonstrating abnormal responses to neuromuscular blockade.
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PMID:E.N.T. manifestations of Von Recklinghausen's disease. 10 Jun 61

At the ENT-Univ. Clinic Halle/Saale 1231 patients suffering from an histological verified cancer of the larynx have been observed over the last 33 years. The numbers of male cases have been trebled within the last 30 years. This trend could not be observed in women. The increase is connected with a remarcable concentration of the supraglottic localisation. Despite of intensive information of the population most of the patients only turn to our clinic in the stage II and III (TNM-system). Only in 9.9% of the cases their fate remained unknown.
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PMID:[Statistics on 1231 patients with cancer of the larynx 1940 to 1974 (author's transl)]. 14 35

At the ENT Clinic of the Regional Hospital in Orebro, cytological investigation of fine-needle biopsy specimens has been carried out to a steadily increasing extent for more than ten years as a complement to clinical methods in investigation and laboratory tests in cases of goiter. Evaluated here are the method's diagnostic accuracy and its value in investigatory work. The material consists of 303 patients with goiter who were operated from 1964 to 1971 following fine-needle biopsy. Cases where biopsy only was undertaken are not included. Assessable cytological material was obtained in 284 cases (94%). Although not less than 15 doctors carried out the fine-needle biopsies there was approximately a 93% agreement between the cytological and histological diagnoses. In 15 of 28 cases of thyroid carcinoma it was possible to make a definite diagnosis preoperatively, while in 12 of the remaining cases atypia suspected of malignancy was found. The possibility of being able to demonstrate or suspect a carcinoma preoperatively is of greate importance for the surgeon, as a more extensive intervention can be planned in advance and the patient informed before the operation.
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PMID:Fine-needle biopsy of the thyroid gland: a cytohistological comparison in cases of goiter. 64 91

The diagnostic and therapeutic approach to tumors of the salivary glands is discussed on the basis of 327 cases of parotid gland tumors seen at the ENT Department of the University of Zurich between 1959 and 1976. In view of the slow growth rate of salivary gland tumors, history and clinical findings cannot be used to identify malignant neoplasms. The histological diagnosis is therefore the prerequisite for correct therapy. Diagnostic errors may result when the total tumor mass is not available for histological investigation. For this reason we advise "surgical biopsy" (total extirpation of the tumor) when a malignant tumor cannot be ruled out by aspiration biopsy or examination of frozen sections. Radical surgical removal plays the major role in the therapy of salivary gland tumors. Highly malignant neoplasms demand a combined oncological approach usually involving surgery and radiotherapy. Familiarity with the temporal bone is necessary for the complete removal of highly malignant tumors of the parotid gland, because of their frequent infiltration of the intratemporal portion of the facial nerve. The application of the modern principles of reconstructive surgery and of microsurgical techniques has widened the scope of radical surgery of salivary gland tumors and considerably reduced the subsequent morbidity.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and therapy of salivary gland tumors]. 66 81

This review covers ongoing and planned research projects in Scandinavian university ENT facilities concerning laryngeal carcinoma. Scandinavia (Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Iceland) has a population of fewer than 22 million, and therefore each department has only a few patients with laryngeal carcinoma per year. Clinical surveys of therapeutic results were the most commonly performed investigation. Many departments are interested in cytostatics alone or in combination with radiotherapy. Histopathological classification and malignancy grading of laryngeal carcinoma with multifactor analysis, diagnosis and treatment of precancerous conditions, and whole organ serial sectioning occupy some departments. Etiological factors, diagnostic problems, and postoperative functional disturbances are other fields of interest. Immunology and experimental animal research are both studied to a lesser extent. A very great interest exists for inter-regional and inter-Scandinavian joint projects, which may hopefully become a reality after this survey.
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PMID:Research policies related to laryngeal cancer in clinical departments of Scandinavian universities. 120 88

At the Institute of Radiology, University of Belgrade, in close collaboration with ENT Hospital, a group of 772 patients were treated at various stages of laryngeal cancer with telecobalt therapy during the 1960-68 period. The supervoltage was consistently the primary approach in the treatment with curative intent, while surgery was resorted to for the failures only. One hundred and thirteen patients with recurrences following their exposure to irradiation, unfit for an operation or refusing surgery, were re-irradiated with telecobalt therapy. The authors studied several overall time, dose and fractionation schemes. The NSD concept of Ellis was employed to compare the biological effects of the different treatment factors. The optimum results were obtained with the doses fractioned over five or six weeks and NSD amounting to 1950. The five year absolute survival rate obtained at glottic cancer was 60.9 per cent. All stages of supraglottic cancer had a survival rate of 39.2 per cent. The five year survival after the second course of irradiation (113 patients) was 22.1 per cent, including 25 patients operated on after two series of irradiation. The authors consider that the risk of a radical re-irradiation has to be accepted in spite of possible complications because it is the only possibility to save a limited number of the patients unfit for an operation or who have a negative attitude to surgical treatment, especially to laryngectomy.
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PMID:Radiotherapy as the primary approach in the treatment of laryngeal cancer. 120 98

We report the results of immunological surveillance of 60 patients with advanced ENT, mammary and bronchopulmonary cancers or Hodgkin's disease, treated only by physical agents. These patients were explored by blastic stimulation testing before, during and after radiation therapy. The results confirm an immunodepressive effect of radiotherapy which increase as the irradiated areas increase, thus showing the importance of immunological surveillance of the cancer patients especially after irradiation. In effect the correlation existing between the importance of immunological repair after irradiation and a good short-term prognosis lead us to plan new radio-immunotherapeutic associations in the treatment of advanced cancers or cancers with a poor prognosis.
Bull Cancer
PMID:[Influence of treatment with ionizing radiations on the immune response of cancer patients]. 122 18

Infection from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is well known for the particular host susceptibility to a variety of opportunistic infections and unusual malignant neoplasms. Although no tumor develops exclusively in concomitance with HIV infection, malignancies in these patients have different clinical behaviour, response to treatment and prognosis than the pattern observed in HIV negative hosts. Kaposi's sarcoma (EKS) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are tumors per se diagnostic of AIDS in patients with HIV infection. From 1987 to 1991, 210 HIV positive patients underwent ENT examination without symptom-related selection: 128 were intravenous drug users, 50 homosexual males, 22 heterosexuals, 4 intravenous male homosexual drug users, 3 blood recipients and 3 subjects without known risk factors. Sixteen were allocated in group II, 37 in III, 9 in IV A, 2 in IV B, 31 in IV C1, 37 in IV C2, 48 in IV D and 30 in IV E. Fourteen had head and neck EKS localization. All were males, with a median age of 40 of which 11/14 were homosexuals. The concomitant involvement of skin and mucosa was the most common manifestation and the palate was the most frequently affected mucosal site. Twenty-four had NHL localized within the head and neck: 21 males and 4 females with a average age of 38, 10 intravenous drug users, 9 homosexual males, 3 heterosexuals, 1 blood recipient, 1 subject without known risk factors. Extranodal localization was the most frequent characteristic while the gums were the most commonly involved site. The main characteristics of head and neck manifestations of EKS and NHL are reported with references to literature. The majority of HIV infected patients with EKS or NHL have ENT localizations, perhaps because lymphatic tissue, a HIV target, is well represented in this area and contamination by infectious agents (such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, probably involved in the pathogenesis of EKS and NHL) can easily occur in the head and neck. The otolaryngologist should be aware of the various, and sometimes misleading, characteristics of these diseases.
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PMID:[The cervicofacial manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma and of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in HIV-infected patients]. 141 19


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