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Query: UMLS:C0262471 (ENT)
 5,307 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From 1 July 1990 to 31 December 1991, all patients referred to the Allergy Section of the ENT Department, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, (n = 678) answered a 134-item questionnaire presented on the screen of a personal computer by pressing Y (for yes) or N (for no) on the keyboard. The objective of this study was to compare the questionnaire responses from patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) with those of patients with perennial nonallergic rhinitis or vasomotor rhinitis (VMR). Nasal blockage was the predominant symptom in the VMR group, whereas the AR patients mainly suffered from eye irritation, sneezing, and, to some extent, rhinorrhea. Concomitant asthma was more prevalent in the AR group than in the VMR group, whose histories were characterized by symptoms associated with airway infections. About 60% of both groups reported problems with such nonspecific airway irritants as cigarette smoke and perfumes. With respect to the diagnostic reliability of the history, in the AR group the order of accuracy (according to the skin prick test results) of reported hypersensitivity to allergens was as follows: cat > timothy > birch > dust mite > mugwort. A history of hypersensitivity to molds as a cause of symptoms was of no diagnostic value. The findings suggest that there are several differences in the medical histories of AR and VMR patients that merit further investigation.
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PMID:Comparison of allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis patients on the basis of a computer questionnaire. 811 59

The objective of this investigation is to study the involvement of the psychological process in the etiology of perennial allergic rhinitis. Thirty patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, submitted to a Program of Hyposensibilization to Home Dust at the ENT Department, were selected. All patients were studied through psychological interviews and Pfister Colored Pyramid Test. Our results were compared to those obtained by Robert Heiss in his studies of standardization parameters (non rhinitic sample). The study revealed that our patients present intrinsic psychological difficulties characteristic of failures in the affective--emotional development and points out to a neurotic line of personality structuration.
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PMID:[A psychosomatic approach to perennial allergic rhinitis]. 824 5

Allergic rhinitis is conventionally treated with anti-histamine or immunotherapy, although in many cases the results are unsatisfactory. Using a contact type Nd:YAG laser we have succeeded in relieving the symptoms of rhinitis by thermocoagulating only the inferior turbinate, making this a quick and effective form of treatment. The subjects were 60 patients with severe house-dust induced allergic rhinitis presented to the out-patient clinic of the ENT department of Nagoya City University Hospital. There were 25 men and 35 women ranging in age from 17 to 53 years. Patients were irradiated at an output of 10 W for 0.5 s for a total of about 386 joules for both nasal cavities. Prior to the procedure, surface anesthesia was applied using 10% cocaine. The irradiation was completed in only one out-patients session. The effects of this therapy were evaluated using 4 points to express the degree of subjective symptoms and intranasal findings. From one week before surgery the patient was asked to record symptoms (sneezing, blowing, blockage) every day, and to continue this recording until 4 weeks after surgery. After surgery no drugs were used. The effects were evaluated by adding up the total scores for sneezing, blowing, and blockage at one week intervals, and comparing the total scores between one week pre-operatively and those 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks post-operatively. Full effect, including disappearance of symptoms, was obtained in 80%, good effect in 10%, fair effect in 5%, and no effect in 5%.
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PMID:Severe perennial allergic rhinitis treated with Nd:YAG laser. 890 63

In some patients, symptoms of allergic rhinitis can be severe and therefore rapid relief is required. There are many treatment options for allergic rhinitis but histamine H1 blockers and topical corticosteroids represent the first-line treatment. Although the latter drugs are usually very effective on nasal symptoms, their onset of action is around 24 h. Thus drugs that are more rapidly effective are of interest. Recently 400 French specialists (in Allergy, ENT and Pneumology) met together to define the criteria for selecting a drug for the treatment of rhinitis. Twelve criteria were proposed and rapid onset of action (less than 24 h) was among the foremost designated criteria. In the first trial, a comparison of mizolastine (10 mg once daily [od]) with cetirizine (10 mg od) and placebo was carried out in the management of seasonal allergic rhino-conjunctivitis (SAR) with special focus on onset of action. A total of 375 patients were included in this European multicentric, randomized, parallel group and placebo-controlled study. By comparison to placebo, both cetirizine and mizolastine reduced significantly nasal and ocular symptoms during the 28-day follow-up trial. The percentage of responders ranged from 40% in the placebo group to 55% in the mizolastine group and 53% in the cetirizine group. Both active drugs were effective from the first intake with a rapid onset within 2 h. However, mizolastine was more rapidly and more profoundly effective than cetirizine during the first 12 h. A second trial included 257 patients suffering from perennial allergic rhino-conjunctivitis (PAR) in a 4-week double-blind placebo-controlled multicentric study. During the study, patients recorded, using a diary card, ocular and nasal symptoms, including nasal blockage. The mean values of nasal score between day 1, 14 and 28 in the mizolastine group were statistically significantly lower than those in the placebo group. The mean values of ocular score showed a statistical difference in recordings between day 1 and day 14 in favour of the mizolastine group. Mizolastine was an effective drug both in SAR and PAR with a rapid onset of action. Mizolastine relieved symptoms more effectively than cetirizine (SAR) and placebo (SAR and PAR) at the beginning of treatment.
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PMID:Rapid symptom relief in rhinitis. 1020 2

Various diseases of the upper airway, such as acute or chronic sinusitis, otitis media, pharyngitis or laryngitis, snoring and sleep apnea syndrom, may be associated with allergic rhinitis. The relationship between these pathologies and the allergic rhinitis has been well established from a clinical and epidemiological point of view, but the pathophysiological mechanisms remain uncertain. A good knowledge of symptoms and the performance of explorations, such as nasal endoscopy for sinusitis, are important in order to take care of these associated diseases. When upper airway diseases are associated with allergic rhinitis, treatment of rhinitis must generally be reinforced. Treament of associated disease will be specific to each disease, and sometimes surgery is required, specially in case of chronic sinusitis. In all cases, the pneumologist, allergologist and ENT physician should work in close collaboration.
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PMID:[ENT diseases associated with allergic rhinitis: a review of the literature]. 1086 2

(1) Apart from acute laryngitis in children, the use of steroids in acute ENT infections is not supported by clinical data. (2) A single dose of steroids (oral or intramuscular dexamethasone, 0.6 mg/kg) has only moderate efficacy in children with acute laryngitis, but it can hasten symptom relief. Available clinical data fail to show whether steroid therapy reduces the frequency of severe respiratory complications in this setting, or if it is helpful in minor cases. (3) There are no published data justifying the use of steroids as adjuvant treatment in other acute ENT infections, such as non allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and otitis. Two randomised trials have shown an analgesic effect of steroids in pharyngitis, but there are no published comparisons with standard analgesics such as paracetamol. (4) Severe complications appear to be rare with single-dose and short-term steroid therapy (for less than a week). However, there is a potential risk of rare but severe complications of chickenpox, and avascular necrosis of the femoral head. (5) Routine use of steroids for recurrent ENT infections has the same risks as long-term steroid therapy.
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PMID:Steroid therapy of acute ENT infections: rarely indicated. 1193 78

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the sublingual-swallow allergen-specific immunotherapy (SLIT) in a paediatric population suffering from allergic rhinitis and related pathologies. From March 1994 through March 2000, at our ENT Department 4000 children (1800 male and 2200 female), aged 3 to14 years, were examined for recurrent nasal obstruction and nasal polyps. 2400 (60%) of them were allergic and underwent the following investigations: Impedance test, Pure tone audiometry, rhinomanometry, Prick test, RAST, nasal provocation test and paranasal sinus TC without contrast media. Of the allergic group we admitted 288 patients(12%) to a 3 yr SLIT, meeting the following criteria: children aged 5 years or more, mono-sensitised to one allergen and with family cooperation support. After three years of SLIT, we observed complete symptom remission and a marked improvement in instrumental examinations in 80% of these children. The improvement was poor in 8% of patients, while in 12% of the subjects no changes in symptoms and instrumental results were detected. These results are in agreement with previously published studies and confirm that SLIT can be a valid tool for treating allergic upper respiratory tract diseases in children.
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PMID:Sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis and related pathologies: Efficacy in a paediatric population. 1259 86

140 patients of ENT-clinic and 484 patients of immunological clinic with nasal and paranasal polyposis were examined to characterize clinical features and therapeutic policy in polypous rhinosinusitis (PRS) in various allergic pathology. PRS was frequently associated with allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, aspirin intolerance, atopic dermatitis, asthmatic triad). This allows considering PRS as a particular manifestation of general allergic pathology. Therapeutic policy consists in selection of basic therapy of the underlying (allergic) disease, management of chronic infection, adequate examination of the patients and individual selection of drugs in preoperative preparation and postoperative management of patients.
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PMID:[Clinical features and treatment of polypous rhinosinusitis combined with allergic diseases]. 1266 98

Allergic rhinitis is not fatal illness, but its high prevalence and several symptoms result in substantial medical cost. There is increasing interest in the use of economic evaluations in healthcare; therefore, we investigated patients' willingness to pay (WTP) for prevention and cure from Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP), and compared WTP values assessed in non-pollination season (June 1998) and pollination season (February-March 2003). Japanese economic woes got worse in 2003 than in 1998. Patients were randomly selected from ENT clinical sites in Osaka, 175 and 645 patients completed WTP questionnaire in 1998 and 2003, respectively. WTP value was lower in 2003 than in 1998, which related to part-time employees and housewives' reducing WTP. Declining WTP value did not associated with the differences in patient characteristics between 1998 and 2003 including age, duration of disease, nasal symptom severity and comorbid condition. These results show that we have to take employment status into account in economic evaluations. Decline in WTP for JCP in 2003 was strongly affected by Japanese sluggish economy, and the WTP seemed to be stable value in individual patients.
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PMID:[Willingness to pay for Japanese cedar pollinosis: comparison between pollination and non-pollination seasons]. 1524 21

The clinical effect of bipolar radiofrequency thermotherapy on allergic rhinitis was evaluated. A bipolar radiofrequency system (CelonLab ENT) was used to treat 16 patients suffering from allergic rhinitis between February 2003 and August 2003. The thermotherapy was performed under local anesthesia at the otolaryngology outpatient clinic of St. Marianna University Toyoko Hospital. Data were collected by questionnaire and rhinomanometry preoperatively and 2 months postoperatively. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) score for intraoperative pain was 31 mm (range, 0-100), and nearly all the patients felt no or a subtle pain during the thermotherapy. Postoperative pain was also well tolerated, with nearly all the patients not requiring analgesic drugs. Postoperative bleeding was minor, and none of the patients required additional treatment for bleeding. Nearly all the patients reported an improvement in their nasal patency, rhinorrhea, headaches, and sleeping. Statistically significant improvements were observed for all the measured VAS scores: nasal patency, rhinorrhea, headache, and olfactory function. Nasal resistance, as measured by anterior rhinomanometry, significantly improved after treatment. The effect of decongestion was also measured using anterior rhinomanometry. The ratio of nasal resistance before and after decongestion was significantly higher after thermotherapy, suggesting that nasal decongestion had a smaller effect on nasal patency after treatment. The current results suggest that the CelonLab ENT device is an effective and safe treatment for allergic rhinitis.
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PMID:[Clinical effect of bipolar radiofrequency thermotherapy on allergic rhinitis]. 1534 97


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