Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum immunoglobulins and some complement components (C1q, C3c, C4, factor B, C9) have been evaluated in 99 malnourished patients. The sole abnormality which seems related to protein calorie malnutrition is a C1q decrease significantly correlated to serum albumin, thyroxin binding prealbumin and retinol binding protein. The immunoglobulins modifications seem to be related to pathological conditions associated with malnutrition (sepsis, liver diseases).
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PMID:[Serum immunoglobulins and complement fractions in protein malnutrition]. 642 29

A study of 214 neonates (with 87 premature infants) reveals that C-reactive protein (CRP), orosomucoid and prealbumin are the most interesting proteins for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and for studying its follow-up. Orosomucoid is high in 85% of bacterial infections and CRP in 75%. Early type strep B infections give often false negative results. The evolution of CRP and of prealbumin corresponds to the effects of treatment and the evolution of orosomucoid is parallel to the healing of the patients. The ratio orosomucoid/prealbumin allows an earlier appreciation of the healing.
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PMID:[Course of inflammatory and nutrition proteins in bacterial infections in newborn infants]. 652 81

Non-fasting plasma amino acids, proteins, anthropometric measurements, urea, and creatinine for 17 hemodialysis patients were compared with values in normal patients of similar age and sex. Values were characteristic for renal failure but with similarities to protein-energy malnutrition. Partial correlation coefficients, correcting for age and height, identified nutritional and non-nutritional factors. Plasma valine was the most correlated variable and was used to rank and group the patients. The group with valine less than 150 micrometers/liter had low values for 17 variables. Valine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, asparagine, weight, and arm muscle circumference were interrelated and reflected malnutrition whereas fat correlated with calorie intake, and histidine and serine with protein intake. Taurine, aspartic acid, cystine, citrulline, urea, creatinine, prealbumin and retinol-binding protein were decreased in malnutrition but were higher than normal due to a loss of renal function. Fourteen variables, less affected by malnutrition, were changed by specific non-nutritional factors. Hemodialysis patients of long standing (1 to 11 years) apart from two patients with recurrent sepsis, were adequately nourished, but those on hemodialysis for less than 15 months, most of whom had previously received peritoneal dialysis, were malnourished. Malnutrition in dialysis patients was due to protein and energy deficiency enhanced by metabolic abnormalities of amino acids. Our study shows that plasma valine is interrelated with other nutritional variables and may be used to assess protein-energy malnutrition.
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PMID:Anthropometry and plasma valine, amino acids, and proteins in the nutritional assessment of hemodialysis patients. 680 21

A prospective nutritional evaluation of 84 unselected patients admitted to a multidisciplinary ICU was performed using anthropometric measurements, creatinine height index (CHI), and serum protein assays. All values tested were significantly lower than those of 40 healthy controls. A matrix of correlation coefficients showed many similarities among the variables studied. Fatal outcome and poor prognosis indices, such as sepsis and renal failure, were analyzed separately. Anthropometric measurements and CHI were not different in the separate groups. Albumin (Alb) and transferrin (Tr) were not different in patients with or without sepsis. Retinol binding prealbumin was significantly higher in patients with renal failure. Thyroxin-binding prealbumin (TBPA) was significantly lower in all the groups. We emphasize the interest of this rapid turnover protein in evaluating nutritional status. We suggest: (1) a systematic nutritional assessment, and (2) an aggressive nutritional support in the ICU patient.
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PMID:Nutritional status in intensive care patients: evaluation in 84 unselected patients. 682 85

An acute depletion of plasma fibronectin or FN has been observed in critically ill, surgical, or trauma patients, but there is little information on the relationships between FN levels and the final outcome in such cases, and on the simultaneous behaviour of other serum proteins. The daily values of FN, antithrombin III, IgG, C3, prealbumin, and transferrin were monitored in 98 intensive care patients after major elective surgery or trauma. According to their clinical course, they were divided retrospectively into three groups. Group A (33 patients) had sepsis. Group B (31 patients) had nonseptic complications, and group C (34 patients) had no complications in the ICU. The individual, nadir levels of FN, AT III, prealbumin, and transferrin were lower (p less than 0.01) in the septic group A than in B and C. Within the septic group, the nadir levels of AT III, but not those of FN, were lower (p less than 0.01) in the 14 nonsurvivors than in the 19 survivors. The FN and AT III levels had returned at least temporarily to the normal range in the six ultimate fatalities from sepsis who survived for more than two weeks. In the septic group, transferrin showed the highest percentages of actually subnormal levels and differed from FN in this respect with p less than 0.05. Furthermore, all six proteins showed a significant overall pattern (p less than 0.01) of parallel variations. The results confirm other reports on the behavior of fibronectin in septic patients as a group, but it was not informative as to the individual outcome, and its reduction might be viewed as part of a general plasma protein depletion associated with acute septic disease. This pattern is probably attributable to a combination of intravascular consumption and an overall excess of protein catabolism over synthesis.
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PMID:Plasma fibronectin and associated variables in surgical intensive care patients. 683 Mar 38

The authors submit the results of the follow-up of the dynamics of 10 acute stage plasma proteins (up to the 7th day) in two surgical model situations: 1. planned operation of colorectal carcinoma by an intraabdominal approach and 2. operation of extensive varicosities of the lower extremities. As reference groups 3. healthy subjects (blood donors) were used and 4. patients with developed postoperative sepsis. Based on the results, the authors provide evidence of the asset of some selected indicators they assessed such as transferrin, prealbumin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) and C reactive protein, for the early diagnosis of postoperative septic complications.
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PMID:[Early diagnosis of septic complications in the postoperative period by determination of acute phase proteins]. 750 38

The serum concentrations of 5 "nutritional" and 5 "acute phase" proteins were prospectively studied in 3 groups of newborns with nephelometric methods. Group A: 22 healthy breast fed term newborns aged 4 days; group B: 28 healthy enterally fed preterm newborns (mean gestational age 33.3 weeks); group C: 49 preterm newborns (mean gestational age 29.5 weeks) on parenteral nutrition (PN). Infants with surgical procedures, sepsis and liver or renal diseases were excluded. The serum concentrations of almost all proteins were similar or only slightly different among the 3 groups and never related to the weight and chronological or post-conceptional age. Only prealbumin, apolipoprotein A and B and C4 levels were significantly different between term and preterm newborns. Enterally fed preterm infants had lower concentrations of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein and higher albumin, transferrin and apolipoprotein A than PN fed infants. Since the observed differences were usually quite small, we suggest that--at least in clinical practice--common serum reference values of these proteins should be adopted for all healthy growing newborns, whether preterm or at term, enterally or parenterally fed. The inter-relationships between different proteins were studied. Four of the five nutritional proteins were highly correlated one with another and the same was observed for the 5 acute phase proteins. Nutritional proteins as a group did not correlate with acute phase proteins, with the only exception of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein and apolipoprotein A. Thus, the 2 groups of proteins seem to be regulated by different metabolic systems.
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PMID:[Nutritional and acute phase proteins in preterm newborns: reference standards and interrelations]. 753 83

After trauma or sepsis, the liver undergoes a reprioritization of export protein synthesis with elevated production of some acute-phase reactants and reduced production of others. We have examined the effects of combinations of insulin and the counterregulatory hormones (dexamethasone, glucagon, and epinephrine), in the presence or absence of interleukin (IL)-6, on the production by isolated hepatocytes of the positive acute-phase proteins C-reactive protein, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and haptoglobin, and the negative acute-phase proteins prealbumin and transferrin. The effect of IL-6 on the production of the above proteins was influenced significantly by insulin and all of the counterregulatory hormones. Significant three-way interactions as well as higher order interactions between the stress hormones and insulin were seen in the case of C-reactive protein. The results indicate that both positive and negative acute-phase proteins respond differently to insulin and the counterregulatory hormones and that the potential exists for the regulation of synthesis of individual acute-phase reactants by interaction between the cytokine network and the classical endocrine hormones.
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PMID:Insulin and counterregulatory hormones influence acute-phase protein production in human hepatocytes. 754 33

The metabolic response to trauma and sepsis involves an increased loss of body proteins. Specific sites of changes of protein and amino acid metabolism have been identified. In skeletal muscle, the rate of proteolysis is accelerated greatly. The rate of protein synthesis also may be increased but not enough to match the increase in degradation. Intramuscular glutamine concentration is decreased because of increased efflux and possibly decreased de novo synthesis. In the liver, the rate of synthesis of selected proteins (i.e., albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, and fibronectin) is decreased, whereas acute phase protein synthesis is accelerated. Tissues characterized by rapidly replicating cells, such as enterocytes, immune cells, granulation tissue, and keratinocytes, exhibit early alterations in the case of decreased protein synthesis capacity. In these tissues, glutamine use is accelerated. Increased stress hormone (cortisol and glucagon) and cytokine secretion, as well as intracellular glutamine depletion, are potential mediators of altered protein metabolism in trauma and sepsis. However, the relative importance of these factors has not been clarified. Therapy of acute protein catabolism may include the use of biosynthetic human growth hormone, possibly in combination with insulin-like growth factor-1, and the administration of metabolites at pharmacologic doses. We recently studied the effects of carnitine and alanyl-glutamine administration in severely traumatized patients. We found that both carnitine and the glutamine dipeptide restrained whole-body nitrogen loss without affecting selected indices of protein metabolism in the skeletal muscle.
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PMID:Metabolic response to injury and sepsis: changes in protein metabolism. 929 Jan 10

Patients with sepsis or after major surgery have decreased plasma levels of the anticoagulant protein antithrombin. In such patients elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) are present and this interleukin is known to induce positive and negative acute phase responses. To investigate the possibility that antithrombin acts as a negative acute phase response-protein we performed studies on the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 in vitro and baboons in vivo. HepG2 cells were treated with recombinant human IL-6, IL-1beta, or combinations of the latter two, and tested for production of antithrombin, fibrinogen and prealbumin (transthyretin). This treatment resulted in a dose dependent increase in fibrinogen concentration (with a maximum effect of 2.8-2.9-fold) and a dose dependent decrease in prealbumin (with a maximum effect of 0.6-0.7-fold) and antithrombin concentrations (with a maximum effect of 0.6-0.8-fold). Simultaneous treatment of the HepG2 cells with IL-6 (1,000 pg/ml or 2,500 pg/ml) and IL-1beta (25 pg/ml), provided more extensively decreased prealbumin (0.8 and 0.6-fold, respectively) and antithrombin concentration (0.7 and 0.6-fold, respectively) compared to the single interleukin treatment at these concentrations. Baboons treated with 2 microg IL-6 x kg body-weight(-1) x day(-1) showed increased plasma CRP levels (59-fold, p <0.05) and decreased prealbumin (0.9-fold, p <0.05) and antithrombin (0.8-fold, p <0.05) plasma levels, without evidence for coagulation activation. Our results indicate that antithrombin acts as a negative acute phase protein, which may contribute to the decreased antithrombin plasma levels observed after major surgery or in sepsis.
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PMID:Antithrombin acts as a negative acute phase protein as established with studies on HepG2 cells and in baboons. 930 58


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