Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To study the role of thromboxane in systemic sepsis and renal failure, peritonitis was induced surgically in 22 sheep, leading to local and systemic sepsis. A selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, U63,557A (Upjohn Co, Kalamazoo, MI) was given before surgery in five animals and 30 minutes after surgery in five animals. A typical picture of volume-loaded, normotensive, vasodilated septic shock developed in all animals. Twenty four hours after induction of sepsis, the control group showed a marked reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine volume, and urinary sodium excretion. Pretreated animals showed no change in GFR and a smaller reduction in urine volume and sodium excretion. The posttreatment group showed no change in any parameters of renal function. Plasma renin activity, urinary TXB2 excretion, and urinary 6-keto PGF1 alpha excretion increased after 24 hours only in the control group. Urinary TXB2 excretion was reduced by 80% in animals given U63,557A before surgery. The results indicate a significant protective effect of U63,557A on renal function during septic shock, probably related to reduced thromboxane synthesis, with no apparent deleterious systemic effects. The results support a role for thromboxane in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure in systemic sepsis.
 ...
PMID:The protective effect of thromboxane synthetase inhibition on renal function in systemic sepsis. 291 66

The effects upon survival of large doses of steroid administered to dogs prior to challenging them with lethal sepsis was evaluated in this study. Dogs were given 30 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day of methylprednisolone sodium succinate for one, two or eight days and then were infused with 9.72 +/- 0.35 X 10(9) Escherichia coli per kilogram of body weight. All dogs in group 1 (n equals six) not given steroid died within 25 hours. Of the dogs in group 2 (n equals 12) given one or two doses of steroid previously, 42 per cent permanently survived (more than seven days). All dogs in group 3 (n equals five) given eight daily doses of steroid prior to infusion of Escherichia coli died within 17 hours. Dogs in group 4 (n equals six) were given eight daily doses of steroid prior to infusion of Escherichia coli and treated on the day of infusion of Escherichia coli with a regimen of methylprednisolone and gentamicin sulfate which results in a 100 per cent survival rate when given to dogs that have not received prior treatment with steroid. Thirty-three per cent of the dogs in group 4 permanently survived. One or two daily large doses of steroid did not detrimentally affect survival of the dogs. Eight days of steroid administration suppressed endogenous cortisol production. When the dogs were treated with six hours of steroid-antibiotic therapy, survival benefits were limited.
 ...
PMID:Effects of prior administration of steroids upon recovery from lethal sepsis. 294 72

Sepsis is occasionally accompanied by jaundice which is marked by an intrahepatic cholestasis and scant hepatocyte necrosis. The pathogenesis is unknown. The bile fistula rat was used in this study to investigate the possibility that intrahepatic cholestasis is one of the many systemic effects of the major endogenous pyrogen, interleukin-1. The effect of acute administration of endotoxin, interleukin-2 and recombinant rat interferon gamma on biliary secretion and biliary transport mechanisms was also studied. Basal bile flow, peak bile flow and peak sodium taurocholate output were measured after 1 h in all cases, except with recombinant rat interferon gamma where the time interval was 3 h. Endotoxin significantly reduced basal and sodium taurocholate-stimulated bile flow, as well as sodium taurocholate secretion. No such effect was noted after acute administration of any of these lymphokines or chronic administration of interleukin-1. The cholestasis induced by endotoxin administration is not mediated by interleukin-1, interleukin-2 or recombinant interferon gamma.
 ...
PMID:Lymphokines and bile secretion in the rat. 295 76

Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities of erythrocyte membrane, microsomal fractions of rectus muscle, and liver were measured colorimetrically in the biopsy specimens of 14 control, 7 uncomplicated trauma (group 2), and 14 severe trauma or septic patients (groups 3-A and 3-B). In erythrocytes, these three ATPase activities in group 2 were not significantly changed but sepsis of both the acute (group 3-A) and ongoing type (group 3-B) decreased all of the ATPase activities. In muscle, there was a significant loss of three ATPase activities in the acute insult of severe trauma or sepsis (group 3-A), while Na+-K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities were not significantly changed in ongoing, severe trauma (group 3-B). In the liver, a tendency for all three ATPase activities to decrease is noted in the severe traumatic group. However, a statistical difference between the control and severe traumatic group showed only for Na+-K+ ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase in group 3-A and Ca2+-ATPase in group 3-B. Correlation coefficients between erythrocyte, muscle, and liver for three ATPase activities are between 0.4 and 0.5. The mechanism which alters ATPase activity remains unknown in this study, but it may account for the variation in traumatic insult, in hemodynamic and hormone changes, and in tissue energy stores.
 ...
PMID:Alterations of Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase activities in erythrocyte, muscle, and liver of traumatic and septic patients. 304 Feb 90

Variceal hemorrhage is frequently a lethal event. Mortality among patients who have bled is high, with survival over the short term of only 25% to 50%. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 177 patients in whom variceal bleeding was treated with variceal sclerosis during a 5-year period from 1981 to 1986. All patients were treated by freehand injection of 25% sodium morrhuate with 35% dextrose, 4 ml per injection, through a fiberoptic endoscope. Of this group, 46 patients were treated with sclerosis followed by liver transplantation (group 1). These were compared to 36 nonalcoholic Child's class B and C patients treated with sclerosis alone (group 2). Survival at 4 years was poor in group 2 (17%). Liver failure and continued gastrointestinal bleeding were the most frequent causes of death. Survival among the liver-transplant group was significantly better (73%, p less than 0.001). Causes of death in this group were primarily due to sepsis, often in the setting of acute graft rejection. Group 1 patients were younger (39.8 +/- 10.8 vs 49.8 +/- 16.5 years, p less than 0.01); this difference is influenced by the deliberate selection of younger patients for liver transplantation. We conclude that sclerotherapy followed by liver transplantation significantly improves survival compared to conventional therapy in selected patients with advanced liver disease and portal hypertension. Donor organ availability will seriously limit the applicability of this approach to patients with bleeding esophageal varices.
 ...
PMID:Bleeding esophageal varices: treatment by sclerotherapy and liver transplantation. 305 93

Sodium fusidate ointment and mupirocin ointment were compared in 354 patients with superficial skin sepsis. The ointments were applied 3-times daily, or once daily when covered by a dressing, and the response assessed after 6 to 8 days. Both preparations proved effective clinically with 86% of patients responding. There was no difference between the two preparations in cases of primary infection (85% to both ointments), including a sub-group with impetigo (sodium fusidate 88% and mupirocin 84%), or secondary infection (sodium fusidate 81% and mupirocin 89%). Sodium fusidate ointment (98%) was significantly better (p less than 0.05) than mupirocin (82%) in patients with other superficial infections. Both ointments were equally effective in cases where Gram-positive, Gram-negative or mixed Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria were isolated. Adverse effects were reported in 1.0% of patients using sodium fusidate ointment and in 7.4% of patients using mupirocin ointment. The majority of complaints concerned the greasiness of mupirocin ointment.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of sodium fusidate ointment and mupirocin ointment in superficial skin sepsis. 314 65

We investigated the association between plasma catecholamines and the renal response to nonhypotensive sepsis. Arterial plasma catecholamines were measured in 16 sheep, before and 24 h after surgical induction of peritonitis. Animals were volume loaded with lactated Ringer's solution (8 L/24 h) before and after surgery; non became hypotensive. For analysis, animals were retrospectively divided into those with increased serum creatinine after 24 h of sepsis (group 1, n = 8) and those without (group 2, n = 8). Group 1 showed increased cardiac index and decreased systemic vascular resistance typical of severe sepsis, with decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), oliguria, sodium retention, increased plasma renin activity (PRA), decreased urinary kallikrein excretion, and increased urinary 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1 alpha excretion. Group 2 showed insignificant hemodynamic disturbance, and no significant renal response. Plasma catecholamines were equal in both groups at baseline. In group 1, there were uniform increases after 24 h in plasma norepinephrine (474 +/- 115 to 1183 +/- 158 [SEM] pg/ml; p less than .01) and plasma epinephrine (108 +/- 8 to 309 +/- 70 pg/ml; p less than .05). In group 2, neither plasma norepinephrine (343 +/- 59 to 330 +/- 56 pg/ml) nor plasma epinephrine (116 +/- 16 to 116 +/- 13 pg/ml) changed significantly. Plasma norepinephrine correlated inversely with GFR; plasma epinephrine correlated with PRA. The sympathetic nervous system may be involved in the renal response to nonhypotensive sepsis, both directly and via effects on other vasoactive hormone systems.
 ...
PMID:Association between renal and sympathetic responses to nonhypotensive systemic sepsis. 316 6

Gram-negative, enteric bacilli of the indigenous gastrointestinal tract microflora translocated primarily to the mesenteric lymph nodes in mice given either oral penicillin G sodium or clindamycin hydrochloride. These bacteria also translocated to the mesenteric lymph nodes in mice injected with cyclophosphamide or prednisone. However, in mice treated with the combination of an oral antibiotic plus an immunosuppressive drug, the translocating bacteria spread systemically to the peritoneal cavity. When the treatment with clindamycin and prednisone was extended to 12 days, the mice died of lethal sepsis beginning eight days after treatment. Thus, the combination of intestinal bacterial overgrowth and host immunosuppression synergistically promoted bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract that resulted in lethal sepsis.
 ...
PMID:Immunosuppression and intestinal bacterial overgrowth synergistically promote bacterial translocation. 317 84

Three mistakes are commonly made in managing metabolic disorders. 1. Oral fluids may be pushed to treat simple volume depletion. However, almost all fluids used for this purpose are sodium-poor and do not restore salt and water balance. 2. The physician may not be aware of common causes of hypophosphatemia, such as hyperventilation, sepsis, stress, use of antacids or diuretics, and alcoholism. If the patient is not monitored adequately, severe hypophosphatemia may develop with serious consequences. 3. Low serum bicarbonate levels may be attributed to metabolic acidosis only, when in actuality metabolic acidosis may coexist with respiratory alkalosis. Arterial blood gas studies differentiate the conditions and direct attention to the cause of respiratory alkalosis when present.
 ...
PMID:Common mistakes in managing metabolic disorders. 318 62

Twenty three neonates and young infants were treated with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) and its clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Ages of the patients ranged from 0 to 83 days, and their body weights ranged from 750 to 4,760 g. Doses of IPM/CS ranged from 17.4 to 21.5 mg/kg as IPM every 6 to 12 hours for 3 to 12 days. Sixteen patients with infections including sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia, appeared to have responded to the IPM/CS treatment. Among them, clinical results were excellent in 2, good in 12 and fair in 2 patients. The drug was well tolerated, but 1 patient had diarrhea, 1 had redness of body during infusion, 1 had elevated GOT and GPT, and 2 patients showed only elevated values of GOT only among the 23 patients. The pharmacokinetics of IPM/CS were studied in 7 patients. Their ages ranged from 0 to 9 days, and body weights ranged from 2.5 to 4.0 kg. Serum concentrations of IPM were between 18.0 and 96.9 micrograms/ml and those of CS ranged 31.7 and 144.5 micrograms/ml in 6 patients at the end of intravenous drip infusion 20 mg/20 mg/kg during 30 or 60 minutes. Elimination half-lives of IPM ranged from 1.2 to 2.0 hours, and those of CS ranged from 1.4 to 2.7 hours. Serum concentrations of IPM was 14.7 micrograms/ml and that of CS was 32.4 micrograms/ml in 1 patient at the end of 30 minute-drip infusion 10 mg/10 mg/kg. The elimination half-lives of IPM was 1.5 hours, and that of CS was 2.9 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonates and young infants]. 321 Feb 99


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>