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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The treatment of Ceftriaxone and IgG in neutropenic (Group A), and in normal (Group B) mice were investigated in experimental E. coli sepsis. IgG was obtained from the rabbits immunized with same strain. The inoculum dose of infection was 4 x 10(8) bacteria/ml in the experiment. The two groups were divided into four subgroups; Control, IgG. Ceftriaxone and Ceftriaxone + IgG groups. The mortality rates of mice in both groups and bacteria growing in organ cultures are investigated and compared. IgG treatment reduced the mortality in the normal mice, but no significant difference was found between two groups. An addition of IgG to Ceftriaxone treatment significantly decreased the mortality rate in both of the groups (p less than 0.05). But a significant difference was not observed between two subgroups treated with IgG and Ceftriaxone.
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PMID:[IgG therapy of experimental E. coli sepsis in neutropenic mice]. 228 71

Experimental E. coli sepsis was constituted in two groups of mice. One of the groups have been immunosuppressed by steroid therapy of ten days (group A) and the other group was normal (group B). Ceftriaxone and Ig G, prepared by vaccinating rabbits with the same strain of E. coli, were used in therapy. The results of the therapy in both were compared. The mortality rate of mice on Ig G therapy was % 70 in group A and % 80 in group B and that on ceftriaxone therapy % 60 and % 50, respectively. The mortality rate was % 30 in both groups with Ig G + ceftriaxone therapy. There wasn't any significance between these. On this research, the treatment of antibiotic together with Ig G decreased the mortality rate. The statistical value of the mortality rate among the treatment groups was not found significant.
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PMID:[Antibiotic and specific immunoglobulin G in the treatment of E. coli sepsis in mice previously given steroids]. 228 91

Ceftriaxone (CTRX), a new long acting antibiotic in the 3rd generation cephem group, was administered intravenously once or twice a day in daily doses of 1-6 g for at least 3 days to 86 patients with severe infections complicating hematopoietic disorders. Underlying diseases were acute leukemia in 41 cases, chronic leukemia in 3 cases, malignant lymphoma in 19 cases, myeloma in 7 cases and others. Most patients (55 cases) suffered from sepsis or suspected sepsis. As for efficacy rates classified by underlying diseases, the treatment was effective in 61.0% of patients with acute leukemia. As for efficacy rates classified by infections, the treatment was effective in 60.0% of patients with sepsis. No side effects were noted except rash in 2 patients. Abnormal hepatic functions were recognized in 3 patients but were not attributed to the agent in any case. The results indicate that CTRX is a safe and useful antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections accompanied by hematopoietic disorders.
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PMID:[Effects of ceftriaxone on severe infectious complications in hematological disorders. Tohkai Research Group on Infections in Hematological Disorders]. 267 28

Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was administered to the newborn and its clinical effectiveness as well as its blood and cerebrospinal fluid levels were studied. 1. Average blood levels of CTRX 1 hour after single intravenous administration were 39 micrograms/ml in 2 cases receiving about 10 mg/kg, 70 micrograms/ml in 2 other cases receiving 20 mg/kg and 208 micrograms/ml in one receiving 52.6 mg/kg. As is apparent from these cases data, blood levels of CTRX were dose dependent. Blood levels of the drug were between 3.7 to 12.4 micrograms/ml 24 hours later. Half-lives of the drug in blood in the 5 newborns ranged from 7.13 to 10.6 hours. In a 53-day-old patient receiving 43.4 mg/kg of CTRX via intravenous injection, the one-hour blood level of the drug was 140 micrograms/ml and the half-life was 3.68 hours. The blood level of the drug 36 hours after single intravenous administration with 17.3 to 20.0 micrograms/ml to 5 other cases 0 to 5 days of age ranged from 4.6 to 13.7 micrograms/ml. 2. The cerebrospinal fluid level of CTRX 4 hours after intravenous administration with 49.6 mg/kg to cases of Escherichia coli meningitis was 9.7 micrograms/ml on the first day following the start of the treatment. It increased to 23.6, 25.2 and 31.0 micrograms/ml on the third, fourth and fifth days, respectively, and then gradually decreased. Cerebrospinal level was still 5.8 micrograms/ml on the 22nd day during the recovery period. These levels were far more than 1,000 times as much as the MIC for the pathogen at the highest level, and more than 100 times even at the lowest level. 3. CTRX was administered via intravenous injection once or twice a day (11.0-39.5 mg/kg in total) to 13 newborns and 3 infants. The efficacy of CTRX was good to excellent in 10 cases for treatment of 11 diseases (sepsis 1, pneumonia 4, urinary tract infection 4 and fetal infection 2) and all the pathogens (Streptococcus agalactiae 1, E. coli 3, Klebsiella pneumoniae 2, Citrobacter diversus 1) disappeared. In 6 cases where CTRX was used prophylactically, infection did not occur at all. The efficacy was excellent in another newborn with E. coli meningitis intravenously receiving 49.6 mg/kg of CTRX twice daily for 25 days. 4. No adverse reactions were observed. Mild eosinophilia was observed in 4 cases. Follow-up examinations of 3 of the 4 cases showed that these abnormal levels were returned to normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in the treatment of neonatal infections]. 328 24

Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was clinically evaluated and its pharmacokinetics studied in neonates. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Blood levels of CTRX at 8 to 12 hours after intravenous injection with a single dose of 10 to 20 mg/kg ranged from 14.9 to 32.8 micrograms/ml, while T1/2 ranged from 8.2 to 24.8 hours. 2. Blood levels of CTRX at 11 hours after the completion of drip infusion which lasted one hour with a dose level 10 to 20 mg/kg, ranged from 10.6 to 25.0 micrograms/ml, while T1/2 was 5.4 to 22.8 hours. 3. Multiple intravenous administrations were given to premature infants, but blood levels did not show evidence of drug accumulation. 4. Urinary excretion in 6 hours after an intravenous injection or a drip infusion with 10 approximately 20 mg/kg of CTRX ranged from 13.8 to 58.5% of the dosage. 5. The subjects in this study were 9 neonates with suspected sepsis, pneumonia, Staphylococcus epidermidis or Staphylococcus aureus infections (sepsis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, pneumonia), acute bronchitis or meconium aspiration syndrome. Efficacies CTRX were excellent or good in all these cases administered in a daily dose of 19.5 to 41.6 mg/kg for 4 to 11 days. 6. No general side effects or abnormalities were observed in blood count, or hepatic or renal function.
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PMID:[Evaluation on ceftriaxone administered intravenously in neonates]. 340 43

Ceftriaxone treatment (50 to 80 mg/kg once daily) was given to 201 children between 1 month and 18 years of age. There were 201 serious bacterial infections, including epiglottitis, pneumonia, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, pyelonephritis, sepsis, and meningitis. The common pathogens responsible for pediatric infections isolated from these patients included Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. The overall clinic cure rate was 94%. Ten patients were clinically improved but not cured. There were two clinical failures. Bacteriologic failure occurred in six patients. The overall bacteriologic cure rate was 97%. Twenty patients (10%) experienced adverse effects; none required discontinuation of therapy. The efficacy, safety, spectrum, and convenience of ceftriaxone monotherapy make this antimicrobial agent a candidate for the treatment of choice of selected serious pediatric infections.
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PMID:Once-daily administration of ceftriaxone for the treatment of selected serious bacterial infections in children. 340 85

Ceftriaxone has a very long serum half-life and enhanced in vitro activity against common pediatric pathogens. Therefore we evaluated the efficacy and safety of once daily ceftriaxone therapy in 57 children with serious infections including: meningitis (26 patients); ventriculitis (3); pyelonephritis (7); osteomyelitis (6); abscess (4); septic arthritis (3); sepsis (2); and miscellaneous infections (6). The most common isolates were Haemophilus influenzae (23), Escherichia coli (9) and Staphylococcus aureus (8). Ceftriaxone was given intravenously or intramuscularly in a dose of 50 mg/kg for non-central nervous system (CNS) infections. Patients with CNS infections received an initial dose of 100 mg/kg followed by 80 mg/kg 12 hours later and once daily thereafter. In a limited number of patients no major differences in serum ceftriaxone concentrations were found after intravenous or intramuscular injection. Of 57 patients with pathogens isolated 55 were completely cured; in one patient with Klebsiella pneumoniae ventriculitis, intraventricular gentamicin was briefly added to the regimen. Another patient with an anaerobic liver abscess recovered after metronidazole was administered. In three patients a delayed response to ceftriaxone was noted. One patient with previous recurrent infections had a second episode of H. influenzae meningitis 22 days after cessation of therapy. Clinical side effects were noted in 10 of 71 patients (including 14 treated patients who had negative cultures). Seven patients had diarrhea, one each had fever or rash and one had fever, rash and arthralgia. Laboratory side effects in 16 of 71 patients included eosinophilia (7), thrombocytosis (7), elevated liver enzymes (4) and leukopenia and neutropenia (2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Once daily ceftriaxone for central nervous system infections and other serious pediatric infections. 372 39

The pharmacokinetics and safety of ceftriaxone were examined in 39 neonates who required antibiotics for clinically suspected sepsis. The drug was administered as a once daily dose of 50 mg/kg by the intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) route. Ceftriaxone was assayed in 49 series of blood samples, 3 samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 15 samples of urine by a microbiological technique. Blood was collected before, during and after treatment for biochemical analysis. Routine haematological investigations were also monitored. There was no significant difference between the maximum plasma concentrations following IV (153 +/- 39 mg/l) or IM (141 +/- 19 mg/l) administration (first dose). The mean elimination half-life, total body clearance, and volume of distribution following the first dose were 15.4 +/- 5.4 h, 0.28 +/- 0.12 ml/min per kg and 325 +/- 59 ml/kg respectively. Clearance increased with increasing postnatal age and body temperature (P less than 0.0002) and decreasing plasma creatinine concentration (P less than 0.005). Increasing plasma protein concentration was associated with a decrease in volume of distribution (P less than 0.001). There were no drug-associated changes in any of the biochemical or haematological parameters examined. Ceftriaxone is a safe and well tolerated antibiotic for use in the treatment of newborn sepsis and possibly meningitis. A once daily administration of 50 mg/kg by the IV and IM routes provides satisfactory plasma concentrations throughout the dosage interval whilst avoiding accumulation.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics and safety of ceftriaxone in the neonate. 407 54

The clinical and bacteriologic efficacy of ceftriaxone given once or twice daily was evaluated in 153 studies. A total of 2,635 patients received ceftriaxone given intramuscularly or intravenously, 930 received comparative antibiotics, and 81 received placebo. For the 10 major categories of infections treated (central nervous system, upper and lower respiratory tract, intraabdominal, skin and skin structure, bone and joint, urinary tract, gynecologic, and bacterial sepsis), the clinical response rates were 89 percent or greater. Bacteriologic cure rates were 84 percent or greater overall and 90 percent or greater for seven of 10 categories. Ceftriaxone achieved a satisfactory clinical response (cure or improvement) for 89 (intraabdominal) to 99 percent (urinary tract) of the infections treated. Additionally, pediatric central nervous system infections responded to twice-daily ceftriaxone injection; ceftriaxone, in a single dose as low as 250 mg, cured gonorrhea, and a single dose of ceftriaxone was as effective as multiple doses of cefazolin in surgical prophylaxis.
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PMID:Clinical and bacteriologic efficacy of ceftriaxone in the United States. 609 28

Ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX), a new parenteral cephalosporin, was used for pediatric infections and the following results were obtained. CTRX was administered twice daily by intravenous injection with about 20 mg/kg in 6 cases consisting of 2 cases with purulent lymphadenitis of the neck, 2 with urinary tract infection, 1 with sepsis and pyelonephritis and 1 with sepsis and purulent lymphadenitis of the neck. The result was excellent in 4 and good in 2. One case with H. influenzae meningitis, receiving 50 mg/kg CTRX by intravenous injection twice daily, showed an excellent response without having any sequela. Among those mentioned above, diarrhea in 2 cases and elevated GOT and GPT in 2 were observed, all of which were transitory and not serious. The blood level of CTRX at 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after intravenous injection with 20 mg/kg to a girl of 8 years and 8 months of age with urinary tract infection was 114, 86, 70, 42, 29 and 21.8 micrograms/ml, respectively. The half-life time was 3.5 hours while the urinary recovery rate up to 6 hours was 58.0%. The concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of 1 case with H. influenzae meningitis ranged from 2.1 to 8.2 micrograms/ml at 3 hours after administration and from 1.15 to 2.65 micrograms/ml after about 12 hours (prior to the next administration). The above-mentioned results suggest that CTRX is a new antibiotic useful for pediatric infections caused with susceptible bacteria and is effective by intravenous injection with 10 mg/kg twice daily for moderate infections and with 20 mg/kg twice daily for severe ones, except for meningitis. As for purulent meningitis, the administration dosage and frequency will have to be further examined based on the intravenous injection with 50 mg/kg twice daily.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation on ceftriaxone in the field of pediatrics]. 609 7


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