Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a personal series of 100 consecutive appendicectomies, not a single case of postoperative wound sepsis occurred. It is believed that the use of delayed primary wound closure in those patients (22%) in whom the risk of such infection was high was the main reason for this result. The technique of delayed primary wound closure is described.
Med J Aust 1976 Sep 11
PMID:The role of delayed primary wound closure in the prevention of wound sepsis after appendicetomy. 79 41

When the late Dr. John F. Fulton contracted severe pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in January, 1942, a metastatic lesion posed the threat of further progression and fatal dissemination. The possibility that an untested and generally unavailable antibiotic, penicillin, might be of value in Fulton's illness led his physician, Dr. John Bumstead, to appeal directly to Fulton to obtain this antibiotic, but ostensibly for the benefit of another patient succumbing to hemolytic streptococcal infection. While of no value for Fulton, penicillin was highly successful in the treatment of his other patient and soon of a second one with staphylococcal sepsis and pneumonia. This penicillin, administered in March, 1942, was the first clinical trial of penicillin under the control of the Office of Scientific Research and Development. The unique contribution of Dr. Fulton and of his illness to this event is described.
Yale J Biol Med 1976 Sep
PMID:John F. Fulton, coccidioidomycosis, and penicillin. 79 4

Studies on the chemotherapeutic action of rifampicin in treatment of staphylococcal sepsis and sepsis caused by gramnegative organisms showed its high efficacy only in treatment of the staphylococcal infection. By the level of its efficacy rifampicin was much superior to benzylpenicillin and especially tetracycline. No difference in the activity level of the antibiotic in treatment of staphylococcal infections caused by sensitive and multiple resistant staphylococcal strains was found. In treatment of the infections caused by gramnegative organisms the drug activity was moderate.
Antibiotiki 1976 Sep
PMID:[Chemotherapeutic effectiveness of rifampicin in experimental infections]. 79 16

Antibacterial activity of gentamycin sulfate was studied in vitro and in treatment of albino mice with experimental infections. Gentamycin was superior to kanamycin with respect to its antibacterial effect against clinical strains of Staphylococcus, Coli bacteria, Proteus and Ps. aeruginosa. High efficiency of gentamycin was found with respect to acute and chronic staphylococcal infection, acute Proteus and Coli sepsis. The antibiotic was characterized by low LD50, high chemotherapeutic index, rapid decrease in isolation of the causative agent from the animal organs. The activity of gentamycin against infections caused by Ps. aeruginosa was the main advantage of gentamycin in comparison to kanamycin.
Antibiotiki 1976 Sep
PMID:[Experimental study of the chemotherapeutic activity of gentamicin sulfate]. 79 17

Infections or inflammatory states often cause significant increases in serum phenylalanine and the phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio. More than 95% of samples obtained during inflammatory diseases in man showed phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio increases greater than the maximum normal values. An increase in this ratio also occurred in monkeys with induced Rocky Mountain spotted fever, viral encephalitis, yellow fever, or pneumococcal and Salmonella infections, as well as in rats with pneumococcal and Salmonella infections, as well as in rats with pneumococcal, Salmonella or tularemia infections. A similar ratio increase occurred in rats inoculated with unpurified mediator substances (released by activated leukocytes) that appear to initiate many of the secondary metabolic phenomena associated with infection and/or inflammation. To identify responsible mechanisms, rats were given lethal doses of Streptococcus pneumoniae; serum phenylalanine and phenylalanine-tyrosine ratios increased significantly. Hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase activities were slightly decreased when compared to noninfected controls. Infected and noninfected rats showed comparable oxidation rates for 14C-phenylalanine given with an oral phenylalanine load, as a pulse-oral dose, or as an intraperitoneal injection. After 8 hr, both infected and control rats had similar amounts of radioactivity in total body protein, but tissue distributions were markedly altered during pneumococcal sepsis. Serum proteins of infected rats contained almost twice as much total radioactivity as that found in controls, while the amount of labeled phenylalanine in skeletal muscle protein was significantly reduced in the infected group. Isolated muscles from infected rats released more phenylalanine and less tyrosine than control muscles. Infection-related increases in serum phenlalanine could not be explained by decreased hydroxylation or oxidation. Rather, the data were consistent with an increased flux of phenylalanine into serum, most likely as the result of increased skeletal muscle catabolism. Elevations in the serum phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio have potential value for estimating the presence of an inflammatory fisease and the catabolic state of a patient.
Am J Clin Nutr 1976 Sep
PMID:The significance and mechanism of an increased serum phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio during infection. 82 5

Local debridement, drainage, and diverting colostomy, with or without primary repair of the rectum, have been considered to be the standard treatment for most rectal injuries, but they are not sufficient for those patients sustaining uncontrollable bleeding or extensive rectal devascularization. This report assessed the indications and results of abdominoperineal resection of the rectum in these patients. Ten patients who were victims of explosive trauma presented with massive perineal injuries and extensive rectal devascularization. Six of these were treated with local debridement of necrotic tissue, pararectal drainage, antibiotics, and colostomy. Five of the six patients initially treated by colostomy died after operation from hemorrhage or sepsis. The sixth patients, who survived, had an abdominal resection of the rectum performed 5 days after the colostomy for removal of a gangrenous rectum. All five of those who underwent abdominoperineal resection survived (p less than 0.01). Increasing violence in the life patterns of modern society enhances the possibility of occurrence of this type of lesion, previously limited to military practice. The need for careful investigation of rectal viability is emphasized. Primary abdominoperineal resection of the rectum is advised when extensive devascularization has occurred.
Surgery 1977 Sep
PMID:Abdominoperineal resection in the treatment of devascularizing rectal injuries. 88 96

Delayed hypersensitivity skin testing was performed on 520 surgical patients. Significantly higher incidences of sepsis and mortality (p less than 0.001) were found in the abnormal patients as compared to normal responders in the preoperative (322 patients), postoperative and post-trauma (115 patients), and nonoperative (83 patients) groups. Sequential testing in individual patients was of even greater prognostic value. Of the 177 patients who either remained normal or whose responses became normal, the sepsis rate was 10.1%, and the mortality rate was 8.4%. However, a sepsis rate of 57.6% and a 78% mortality rate were found in those patients who developed abnormal responses or whose responses did not improve. Cancer and increased age (older than 80 years) did not account for the incidence of anergy and relative anergy. The mortality rate was higher in the cancer group. Anergy and relative anergy were found to be associated with malnutrition, sepsis, shock, and trauma. In the clinical setting, effective treatment of these associated conditions, especially the maintenance of body cell mass by the use of total parenteral nutrition, was associated with reversal of the anergic state and an improved prognosis.
Surgery 1977 Sep
PMID:The delayed hypersensitivity response: application in clinical surgery. 88 2

A new system of patient protection from bacterial crossinfection called the Bacteria Controlled Nursing Unit (BCNU) is described, based on strict environmental control of a 6 x 10 foot area surrounding the patient's bed rather than the entire patient room or isolation ward, plus the ability to deliver all medical care without entering the protective environment and maintaining all monitoring, life support, and i.v. equipment outside the controlled environment. The clinical effectiveness of this system in the treatment of burn patients has been studied and compared with the effectiveness of single room isolation on a burn isolation ward and conventional isolation techniques on an open burn ward. The studies show that the BCNU is significantly more effective in preventing bacterial cross-contamination than conventional precautions (3.8% vs. 13.1%, P < 0.001; and 8% vs. 22.8%, P < 0.001) over a two and four week period. The studies also indicate that there was a significant increase in the probability of infection occurring following cross-contamination than occurring after auto-contamination (65% vs. 39%, P < 0.005), emphasizing the importance of preventing cross-contamination in reducing the overall infection rate in seriously burned patients. Clinical evaluation of the unit proved it to be compatible with intensive nursing and medical care without increasing the nurse to patient ratio. The unit provided sufficient control of bacterial cross-infection to allow reduction in mortality and improvement in the effectiveness of burn care through routine prompt excision of burn eschar and immediate wound closure to be carried out in severe and massively burned patients without a limiting threat of bacterial burn wound sepsis.
Ann Surg 1977 Sep
PMID:The contribution of a bacterially isolated environment to the prevention of infection in seriously burned patients. 88 79

The limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay has proven to be a highly sensitive and reliable indicator of endotoxin in most biological fluids; however, it has not been a reliable indicator when used with blood because of different inhibitors present in the blood. To avoid these problems, investigators have used difficult extraction procedures, but but even with these, results were oftentimes not uniform. It was found that a recently developed inert polymer (PSI-HAP 100) has a specific affinity for endotoxin, so that is was possible to develop a simple, reliable, reproducible method for the detection of endotoxin in blood. In the assay procedure, the polymer, compressed into a 3-mm diameter bead, is incubated with 0.2 cc of heparinized whole blood. The bead is then removed from the blood, washed in pyrogen-free saline to remove any inhibitors of the LAL, and placed in a tube containing LAL. The LAL and bead are incubated together; after incubation the LAL is examined for gellation. Using this new method, it was possible to predict Gram-negative septic episodes in burn patients several days before sepsis evolved clinically.
J Trauma 1977 Sep
PMID:A new limulus assay for the detection of endotoxin. 89 61

The catabolic effects of starvation alone, or starvation in the presence of pneumococcal sepsis, were compared in rats whose skeletal muscle protein had been tagged 14 days earlier with 14C-phenylalanine. In a fed rat, protein catabolism (as estimated by expired 14CO2) is not constant throughout the day but is highest during the dark hours. Starvation is associated with accelerated protein catabolism and a gradual loss of periodicity. Infection increases the rate of catabolism still further and results in a complete loss of periodicity.
Am J Clin Nutr 1977 Sep
PMID:Total body protein catabolism in starved and infected rats. 90 62


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