Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The covalent modification of receptor proteins via phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is one of the principal mechanisms controlling carbohydrate metabolism and is known to be regulated by various protein kinases. Recent studies indicated that many hormones may exert their effects on cellular metabolism by regulating intracellular c-AMP levels and by activating a c-AMP dependent protein kinase, i.e., protein kinase A. The metabolic disturbances during sepsis are characterized by an initial hyperglycemia followed by a progressive hypoglycemia and a depletion of hepatic glycogen content. The latter is coupled with a slowdown in glycogenesis, an accelerated glycogenolysis, and a depression in gluconeogenesis in the liver. Since the liver is the major organ that regulates the homeostatic level of blood glucose, it is conceivable that the sepsis-induced glucose dyshomeostasis might be mediated by changes in protein kinase activity and the kinetic characteristics of enzymes. The present experiment was designed to study the correlation between protein kinase A and the pathophysiology of hepatic glucose dyshomeostasis during sepsis. Sepsis was induced in rats by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Late sepsis occurred 18 hours after CLP. Protein kinase A was extracted from the rat livers by acid precipitation and ammonium sulfate fractionation, and then partially purified by DEAE-cellulose. The results show that in the late sepsis, type-I protein kinase A (eluted at low ionic strength) activity was significantly decreased by 34-52% (P < 0.01). The kinetic parameters such as Vmax's for ATP, histone, and c-AMP were also significantly decreased from the control values of 6.1 +/- 0.9, 5.4 +/- 0.8, and 5.1 +/- 1.9 nmoles/mg.min. to 3.6 +/- 0.5, 2.8 +/- 0.3, and 2.5 +/- 0.5 nmoles/mg.min., respectively. Analysis using Hill's equation indicates that the S0.5 and n (Hill coefficient) values of the various substrates and activators for type-I protein kinase A remained unchanged. In the case of type-II protein kinase A (eluted at high ionic strength), the Vmax, S0.5, and n values for ATP, histone, and c-AMP were unchanged during late sepsis. The results of the present study indicate that the activities and kinetic characteristics of type I protein kinase A in rat liver are modified during late sepsis. Since protein kinase A is known to regulate glucose metabolism through adrenergic receptor mediation, these findings may have a pathophysiological significance in the understanding of hepatic glucose dyshomeostasis during sepsis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Kinetic studies of protein kinase A in rat liver during late sepsis]. 129 61

Syndrome of cholestasis is characterized by pronounced increase in concentration of the sulphur containing, ketogenic amino acids and intermediates of a cycle of urea formation in the blood plasma; sepsis--by decrease in pool of glycogenic amino acids, increase in concentration of free ammonium and reduction in correlation of amino acid concentration with branched hydrocarbon chain of aromatic amino acids. In cholestasis, the levels of ammonium alpha-amino butyrate and aromatic amino acids were the most informative indices, in sepsis--content of lysin, glutamate, cystein and cysteate.
 ...
PMID:[Informative value of amino acid reserve in the blood plasma in cholestatic and septic syndrome]. 129 64

The authors report about 12 cases of long ureteral calculi, 16 to 39 mm in size, observed over 10 years. They were all made of a mixture of ammonium-magnesium phosphate and calcium phosphocarbonate. Infection was the revealing symptom, either in the form of simple bacteriuria or as acute pyelonephritis or sepsis. These calculi, found in a lumbar or pelvic location, were very long, radiopaque but with a moderate radiological density, homogeneous and have regular contours. They were straight, sometimes slightly bent, rarely (one case out of 12) arciform. In 11 of 12 cases, the affected patient was female. In most cases, the urine was infected by Proteus mirabilis. In spite of their size, the calculi caused total obstruction in 3 of 12 cases only. They were or were not associated to ipsilateral coral calculi of the same chemical type. Destruction was easily achieved with physical agents. The etiological, radiological and therapeutic characteristics of these calculi give them a specific place among ammonium-magnesium phosphate calculi.
 ...
PMID:[Long ureteral ammonium-magnesium phosphate (struvite) and calcium phospho-carbonate calculi]. 180 76

Eleven acute rejections were found in 9 patients with liver transplantation due to end-stage liver cirrhosis. The rejections were diagnosed with fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) giving the cellular picture of immunoactivation in the liver graft when compared to a simultaneous sample of peripheral blood. s-Alkaline phosphatase and s-bilirubin increased within 1 week after onset of rejection in 7 and 10 cases, respectively. s-Alanine amino-transferase and b-ammonium were of no value in the diagnosis of acute rejection. A core biopsy was obtained only in a case of severe liver damage, mainly to estimate the need for retransplantation. One year after grafting, 6 out of 7 cirrhotic patients are well, all with normal liver function. Two have died of sepsis. One patient died from pulmonary metastases of occult liver carcinoma 6 months after the transplantation. FNAB seems helpful in detecting early acute rejection and also excluding such an event in the liver graft.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis of acute rejection in liver transplantation. 304 94

Intraabdominal sepsis in rats was induced as a sublethal infection (mortality rate of controls: 60%-80%) and as a lethal infection (mortality rate of controls: 100%). The effectivity of different immunoglobulin (IgG) preparations alone or together with an antibiotic combination therapy (gentamicin + piperacillin) was then tested. In sublethal infection, 5 intravenous administrations of three 7S-IgG preparations and a plasmin-treated preparation at a dosage of 0.5 g/kg b.w. were able to reduce lethality only slightly, whereas a 5S-IgG preparation was able to reduce lethality by 30% significantly. Intraperitoneal administration of two 7S-IgG preparations (s-sulfitolysis, 42 degrees C/ammonium sulfate) and the 5S-IgG preparation reduced lethality to 27%, 37% and 47%, respectively, whereas another 7S-IgG (iodoacetamide/dithiothreitol) and a plasmin-treated preparation failed to reduce lethality significantly. The convincing results obtained with the 5S-IgG preparation are probably due to the fact that Fc-mediated side-effects could be avoided. The better effectivity of intraperitoneal compared to intravenous administration can be explained by much higher concentrations of specific antibodies at the site of infection. In the lethal infection model the mortality of animals treated with antibiotics only was 50%. The additional intravenous administration of 7S-IgG (42 degrees C/ammonium sulfate), a plasmin-treated preparation and a 5S-IgG was unable to reduce mortality any further. These findings are in contrast to several publications which postulate synergism of antibiotics and immunoglobulins.
 ...
PMID:[Effectiveness of various immunoglobulin preparations administered by the intravenous route in peritonitis in the rat model]. 358 20

Nutriflex 48 (48 g amino acids and 1250 nonprotein kcal/l), containing 20% branched chain amino acids, was infused in a dose of 2000 ml per day over a period of 14 days to 8 surgical intensive care patients with sepsis and concomitant liver dysfunction. Cumulative nitrogen balance was negative on each day of investigation, as aspected in those patients. The amino acid patterns in plasma showed increased concentrations of methionin, while the concentration of branched chain amino acids remained in the normal range until the end of the study. The concentration of plasma ammonium was always normal. These results seem to indicate that in septic patients a total parenteral nutrition with conventional amino acid solutions containing normal concentrations of branched chain amino acids, is possible. The results of the present study show that the necessity of parenteral nutrition in septic patients with highly branched chain amino acids can not be supported.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of Nutriflex 48 on the plasma amino acid pattern in surgical intensive care patients with infection]. 643 19

The opsonic activity of plasma fibronectin is important in modulating the reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytic removal of a variety of endogenous and exogenous particulate material from the vascular compartment. Purification of plasma-opsonic fibronectin by affinity chromatography with gelatin-Sepharose revealed that although in vitro hepatic Kupffer cell phagocytosis was absolutely dependent upon the presence of fibronectin, the purified fibronectin evaluated in concentrations similar to that found in plasma (350-450 micrograms/ml) supported phagocytosis at a level two- to threefold less than that observed in whole plasma. In contrast, the combination of purified fibronectin with small aliquots of opsonically inactive fibronectin-free plasma restored normal opsonic activity as assessed by liver slice bioassay and enhanced fibronectin-mediated attachment of gelatinized particulate to isolated Kupffer cells in vitro. Evidence is presented in this study that there exists in plasma a macromolecular species that amplifies the opsonic activity of fibronectin in a dose-related manner. This amplification or cofactor activity is nondialysable and has a molecular weight greater than 12,000. Inactivation of the amplification activity present in affinity-absorbed plasma can be achieved by heating the fibronectin-free plasma at 60 degrees C for 20 min, supporting the hypothesis that the cofactor is a protein. The amplification response is dose related, suggesting that the mechanism of its action is stoichiometric rather than catalytic. Evidence is presented that partial purification of the cofactor can be achieved by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation at 4 degrees C. Purification of this cofactor will provide an opportunity to evaluate its role in the altered opsonic states known to exist after trauma, burn, and sepsis.
 ...
PMID:Amplification of the opsonic activity of fibronectin by a plasma factor lacking gelatin affinity. 683 58

Streptococcus suis causes meningitis, sepsis, and other serious infections in newborn and young pigs and in adult humans. The Gal alpha 1-4Gal-binding adhesin of S. suis was purified to homogeneity by ultrasonic treatment, fractional ammonium sulfate precipitation, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Pigeon ovomucoid, a glycoprotein with Gal alpha 1-4Gal terminals, was used to detect the adhesin by blotting. The purified adhesin appeared as single band of an apparent size of 18 kDa and of a pI of 6.4; no disulfide bridges were present. The amount of adhesin as revealed by pigeon ovomucoid binding correlated with the hemagglutination activity of different S. suis strains. The purified adhesin bound to latex particles induced hemagglutination which was specifically inhibited with the same inhibitors as hemagglutination by the intact bacteria, thus demonstrating that the purified protein was the Gal alpha 1-4Gal-recognizing adhesin of S. suis. Two adhesin variants (PN and PO) with differing Gal alpha 1-4Gal binding specificity had the similar electrophoretic mobilities and the same N-terminal peptide sequences, indicating that they were closely related. This represents the first isolation of an adhesin with well-defined cell surface carbohydrate binding activity from Gram-positive bacteria associated with meningitis.
 ...
PMID:Purification of a galactosyl-alpha 1-4-galactose-binding adhesin from the gram-positive meningitis-associated bacterium Streptococcus suis. 749 14

Struvite renal stones are caused by infection of the urine with bacteria that synthesize the enzyme urease. Ammonium is released by the breakdown of urea by urease, the urine becomes highly alkaline, and magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and carbonate apatite crystallize. Incorporation of the infecting bacteria within the developing stone, results in a focus of infection that is resistant to conventional antimicrobial therapy, and which is manifested clinically by repeated urinary tract infection caused by persistent bacteriuria. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) currently is accepted as the election treatment for most renal calculi. This trial examines the bacteriologic aspects pre and post-ESWL. Eighty adult patients, 47 females and 33 males, without clinical signs of urinary tract infections (UTI) were submitted to urine cultures pre and post-ESWL. The first 50 patients underwent during and post-ESWL, 150 blood cultures, which all proved to be negative, confirming very low risk of generalized sepsis. No patient presented fever, chills or rigors pre or postprocedures. With respect to urine cultures 43 patients (52.5%) had a pre-ESWL UTI, in comparison to 49 (60%) who had a UTI post-ESWL. The distribution of organisms pre and post-ESWL was as follows: Proteus mirabilis (22/22), Escherichia coli (11/11), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4/5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2/2), Enterobacter cloacae (0/1), Alcaligenes odorans (1/2) Enterococcus faecalis (1/3), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (1/2) and Candida albicans (1/1). In this study 6 patients presented bacteriuria post-ESWL probably due to bacteria from inside the calculi. According to these results, the risk of bacteremia seems to be very low. In 60% of staghorn renal stones we could demonstrate a bacterial infection.
 ...
PMID:[Staghorn renal lithiasis treated with shock waves. Bacteriologic aspects]. 765 75

Changes in the activities of protein kinase A (PKA, or cAMP-dependent protein kinase) in rat heart during different cardiodynamic phases of sepsis were investigated. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Experiments were divided into three groups: control, early sepsis, and late sepsis. Early and late sepsis refers to those animals killed at 9 and 18 h, respectively, after cecal ligation and puncture. Cardiac PKA was extracted and partially purified by acid precipitation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. PKA was eluted from DEAE-cellulose column with a linear NaCl gradient. Two peaks of PKA, type I (eluted at low ionic strength) and type II (eluted at high ionic strength), were collected and their activities were determined based on the rate of incorporation of [gamma-32P]ATP into histone. Results obtained show that during early sepsis, both type I and type II PKA activities were unaffected. During late sepsis, type I PKA activities were stimulated by 66.7-97.7%, while type II PKA activities remained constant. Kinetic analysis of the data on type I PKA during late sepsis reveals that the Vmax values for ATP, cAMP, and histone were increased by 84.7, 66.7, and 97.7%, respectively; while the Km values for ATP, cAMP, and histone were unaltered. These data indicate that type I PKA is activated in rat heart during late hypodynamic phase of sepsis. Since kinase-mediated phosphorylation plays an important role in regulating myocardial function and metabolism, an activation of type I PKA during late sepsis may contribute to the development of altered myocardial function during hypodynamic phase of sepsis.
 ...
PMID:Protein kinase a activity is increased in rat heart during late hypodynamic phase of sepsis. 924 15


1 2 3 4 Next >>