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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibiotic sensitivities of 15302 organisms of common pathogenic species isolated in one hospital pathology department in 1971 and 1974 have been studied. Resistance to cephaloridine did not change materially. The proportion of strains resistant to ampicillin did, however, increase, and this is attributed to the widespread therapeutic use of the antibiotic. Cephaloridine, on the other hand, was largely used in the hospital as a single-dose, intra-incisional prophylactic against surgical wound sepsis.
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PMID:Changing patterns of bacterial resistance in relation to prophylactic use of cephaloridine and therapeutic use of ampicillin. 5 36

The value of selecting patients for antibiotic cover during biliary surgery by the use of immediate gram stains of bile was determined in a nonrandomized prospective study which compared two groups of patients. Group A consisted of 119 consecutive patients in whom antibiotics were administered during operation according to the results of immediate gram stains on bile. Group B included 101 patients, none of whom received antibiotics. In Group A gentamicin was given for gram-negative bacteria, ampicillin for gram-positive organisms, and no antibiotics were given if no bacteria were seen on the gram stain. In Group A the incidence of wound sepsis was 7 percent, compared with 22 percent in Group B (p less than 0.005). Septicemia occured in 2 percent of Group A, compared with 8 percent in Group B. It is concluded that immediate gram stains of bile will provide a means of selecting patients requiring antibiotic cover during biliary surgery; furthermore, this procedure is a practical way of reducing postoperative sepsis while avoiding unnecessary antibiotic administration.
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PMID:Selecting patients requiring antibiotics in biliary surgery by immediate gram stains of bile at operation. 6 64

Single dose administration of antibiotics prior to vaginal hysterectomy was found to be an efficient and safe way of providing prophylaxis against infection. Metronidazole was as efficient as ampicillin in achieving a significant reduction in major morbidity, pelvic sepsis, and the "quantity" of postoperative fever. Antibiotic prophylaxis reduced hospital stay by an average of 3 days.
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PMID:Simplified antibiotic prophylaxis for vaginal hysterectomy. 29 41

In a series of 410 consecutive potentially contaminated operations, we have compared the relative efficacy of intra-incisional cephaloridine and ampicillin in single doses of 1 g in 2 ml of water. In high risk operations (ileocolorectal surgery, perforated appendicitis, or when the patient has 2-5 cm or more of subcutaneous fat at the site of the incision) cephaloridine prophylaxis resulted in a primary sepsis rate of 14 per cent compared with 36 per cent for ampicillin. In all other patients the two antibiotics were equally effective. Secondary sepsis, following discharge from the wound of a substance other than pus, was equally common in the two groups.
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PMID:Single dose intra-incisional antibiotic prophylaxis of surgical wound sepsis: a controlled trial of cephaloridine and ampicillin. 32 56

Vaginal swabs from 1140 women were investigated for presence of group B-streptococci. In nonpregnant women the carriage rate was 3.3%. During the pregnancy the highest colonisation rate was in the second trimenon. The serotypes were distributed approxmiately the same in both groups of patients, with the exception of types III and R. All strains were sensitive against ampicillin and lincomycin, in 6 cases we found a reduced sensitivity against penicillin. These results are compared with those from other authors and discussed in regard to sepsis and meningitis of the newborn.
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PMID:[Role of B streptococci in perinatal medicine]. 34 98

Delay in healing of the perineal wound is a major cause of disability in patients after excision of the rectum. The outcome of primary suture in 76 patients treated at St Mark's Hospital between 1967 and 1976 was correlated with a number of factors describing the patients, their preparation for surgery and details of surgical technique and management. The perineal wound healed by first intention in 33 patients. The remaining 43 patients regarded as failures included 7 with delayed breakdown after initial healing. The results showed that women fared better than men. Excision of the rectum following colectomy and ileostomy was associated with failure of the perineal wound to heal in 9 out of 10 patients. Treatments with peroperative ampicillin and topical antibacterial agents were both correlated significantly with success. Preoperative sepsis and operative contamination were followed by perineal sepsis and wound breakdown on 16 out of 21 occasions. Discriminant analysis showed that topical and peroperative antibacterial treatments, sex, preoperative sepsis and finally ACTH were the most important variables in descending order of importance. The prediction of success and failure by this procedure was 72.4 per cent correct.
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PMID:Primary suture of the perineal wound following rectal excision for inflammatory bowel disease. 35 37

Ampicillin-sensitive or -resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella strains were cultured in various nutrient media as prototypes of the agents of sepsis isolated in bacteriological routine analysis. In each case, 2 ml of defibrinated human blood containing 100 and 1000 cells, 8 gamma and 80 gamma ampicillin/1 ml blood respectively were added to 50 ml of nutrient medium. The following media were used. 1. casein soya-bean meal peptone broth (Oxoid), 2. tryptose-phosphate medium (Oxoid), 3. dextrose broth (Oxoid), 4. brain-heart-dextrose medium (Oxoid), 5. brain-heart infusion, autoclaved (Difco), 6. brain-heart infusion, after sterile filtration (Difco), 7. vacutainer culture bottles (BD) prepared medium, 8. micrognost blood culture bottles (Biotest) prepared medium. While the sensitive staphylococcus strain exhibited a slower growth than the sensitive Klebsiella strain in all nutrient media, the growth rate of the two resistant variants was approximately the same for an initial count of 100 cells per ml of blood. Among the resistant staphylococci the higher initial count of the inoculum resulted in an improved growth. After addition of 8 gamma or 80 gamma ampicillin/1 ml blood the sensitive staphylococcus strain did not show any grwoth irrespective of the inoculated number of cells while the sensitive Klebsiella strain multiplied irrespective of the initial number of cells. After 24 hours the resistant staphylococci and Klebsiella strains of which 1000 cells each had been used for inoculation exhibited growth in almost all media used.
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PMID:[Experimental studies to culture bacteria from blood specimen with an addition of ampicillin in various nutrient media (author's transl)]. 37 22

Patients with suspected neonatal septicemia were treated with ampicillin, cloxacillin, and streptomycin. The plasma concentrations of streptomycin were followed. First, the levels were determined during a full dose interval (12 h) in 11 infants. The results were used for development of a routine system for monitoring the plasma levels in all streptomycin treated newborns. This system, the "3-point check", involved blood sampling at 1, 3, and 5 h after administration during every second dose interval. The results of this routine procedure were evaluated both in a retrospective and prospective study. The "3-point check" gave a sufficient description of the total exposure to streptomycin under routine clinical conditions and continuous information to the physician in charge of the patient about the drug level. In 9 cases of 50, the report from the laboratory resulted in dose change for correction of a too low or too high plasma concentration. The dosage used, 7.5 mg streptomycin intramuscularly every 12th hour, appeared to be satisfactory in most patients. Peak values rarely exceeded 30 microgram/ml and were usually lower than 25 microgram/ml. Almost half of the children had plasma levels below 5 microgram/ml at the end of the dose interval (after 12 h). Although the correlation between pharmacokinetics and clinical outcome is difficult to establish in neonatal sepsis, we suggest that our guiding principle to avoid plasma levels above 25 microliter/ml is reasonable. In 35 out of 78 patients an otological examination of the newborns was performed within 13 months after streptomycin treatment and no signs of hearing defects were noted.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetic aspects of streptomycin treatment of neonatal septicemia. 60 24

Broadcillin 'Banyu', which contains an equal amount of ampicillin and oxacillin was given intravenously to children with acute bacterial infections and the following results were obtained. 1. Patients were 55 children with the following bacterial infections; respiratory tract infections (8 cases), pneumonia (34), sepsis (1), meningitis (1), cutaneous and subcutaneous suppurative inflammation (5), osteomyelitis (1), urinary tract infection (2), enteritis (1), and chemoprophylaxis (2). They ranged in age from newborns to 8 year old, but most of them were infants. In the majority of the patients, broadcillin 'Banyu' was administered 50 approximately 150 mg/day in three to four equally divided doses by one shot-injection or by a continuous drip infusion for a period of 2 approximately 10 days. The overall efficacy rate was 88.7% in 53 cases after two cases of chemoprophylaxis were excluded, i.e., excellent in 28, good in 19 and failure in 6: excellent in 4 and good in 4 in 8 cases of respiratory tract infections; excellent in 20, good in 11 and failure in 3 in 34 cases of pneumonia (an efficacy rate 91.2%); failure in sepsis and meningitis: excellent in 2 and good in 3 in 5 cases of cutaneous and subcutaneous suppurative inflammation; excellent in osteomyelitis; excellent in 1 and good in 1 of 2 cases of urinary tract infection; failure in enteritis. 2. Adverse reactions were noted on 10 occasions in 9 cases (16.4%), including 1 case of skin eruption, 1 case of eosinophilia, 5 cases of slight elevation of GOT, 1 case of slight elevation of GPT and 2 cases of slight elevation of BUN. 3. Based on the above results, it was concluded that clinical effect of broadcillin 'Banyu' by an intravenous administration is comparable to its intramuscular route and that safety of intravenous usage seems to be verified as long as the above described dosage is followed.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of intravenous administration of ampicillin-oxacillin (Broadcillin 'Banyu') in bacterial infections in children (author's transl)]. 66 Sep 30

Ticarcillin was evaluated in 82 neonates and young infants with suspected sepsis and in 16 older children with chronic Pseudomonas infection of the mastoids. The infants also received kanamycin. Individual ticarcillin doses of 75 or 100 mg/kg were given every four, six, or eight hours by intramuscular injection or by a 30-minute intravenous infusion. Mean plasma concentrations one hour after a dose were from 125 to 189 microgram/ml, depending on dosage, age, and maturity. Mean plasma half-lives were approximately 5 hours in the first week of life, 2 hours in infants from 1 to 8 weeks, and 0.9 hours in older children. Volume of distribution was approximately twice as great in infants as in children, and plasma clearance rates correlated inversely with age. Limited efficacy data suggest that ticarcillin is a suitable alternative to ampicillin or carbenicillin, when given concurrently with an aminoglycoside, for newborn infections. When given for several days before mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty, ticarcillin sterilized the mastoids in the majority of patients. A new dosage schedule for ticarcillin in pediatric patients is proposed.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacology and efficacy of ticarcillin in infants and children. 67 48


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