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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical and experimental studies on the development of myoglobinuria-associated acute renal failure (ARF) were reviewed. ARF developed in 30% of the cases of rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis-associated ARF accounted for 5-10% of all ARF. The presence of dehydration or hypotension at the presentation of rhabdomyolysis seems to be a risk factor in the development of rhabdomyolysis-associated ARF. ARF occurred more frequently in the rhabdomyolysis caused by sepsis or burns. Glycerol-induced ARF in rats or rabbits has been studied to investigate the pathogenesis of myoglobinuria-associated ARF. The early decrease in inulin clearance (Cin) in glycerol-induced ARF was dependent upon the decrease in renal blood flow, but the decrease in Cin in the late phase could not be attributed to the decrease in renal blood flow. Diminished glomerular permeability and cast formation might play important roles in the decrease in Cin in the late phase of glycerol-induced ARF.
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PMID:[Myoglobinuria and acute renal failure]. 204 Dec 8

Although nutritional support is vital to treatment of severe sepsis, the septic patient does not respond normally to glucose infusion. We have used the hyperglycemic glucose clamp technique to investigate the initial hormonal and metabolic responses of the septic patient to glucose under controlled conditions. The plasma glucose concentration was raised to and maintained at 12 mmol/liter for 2 hr in 12 septic patients and 11 normal controls. Glucose utilization, assessed from the amount infused, was significantly depressed in the patients, despite similar plasma insulin concentrations in the two groups. Forearm glucose uptake was similarly impaired. Despite very similar plasma free fatty acid concentrations in the two groups, which were suppressed equally by the glucose infusion, whole-body fat oxidation was elevated in the patients compared with the controls, and suppressed to a lesser extent in response to glucose. Glycerol and ketone body concentrations were elevated in the patients in keeping with a picture of accelerated release, clearance, and oxidation of fatty acids. Plasma cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine concentrations were elevated in the septic patients in a severity-related manner, but not to high levels compared with experimental work. Norepinephrine showed no response to the glucose infusion in either group. Plasma glucagon concentrations were not significantly elevated in the septic patients. We conclude that the hyperglycemic glucose clamp provides a useful model for studying glucose intolerance in sepsis. Impaired glucose utilization in septic patients is associated with increased fat oxidation, although the hormonal basis for these changes is still unclear.
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PMID:Hormonal and metabolic responses to glucose infusion in sepsis studied by the hyperglycemic glucose clamp technique. 311 25

The animal models are pivotal for understanding the characteristics of acute renal failure (ARF) and development of effective therapy for its optimal management. Since the etiology for induction of renal failure is multifold, therefore, a large number of animal models have been developed to mimic the clinical conditions of renal failure. Glycerol-induced renal failure closely mimics the rhabdomyolysis; ischemia-reperfusion-induced ARF simulate the hemodynamic changes-induced changes in renal functioning; drug-induced such as gentamicin, cisplatin, NSAID, ifosfamide-induced ARF mimics the renal failure due to clinical administration of respective drugs; uranium, potassium dichromate-induced ARF mimics the occupational hazard; S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine-induced ARF simulate contaminated water-induced renal dysfunction; sepsis-induced ARF mimics the infection-induced renal failure and radiocontrast-induced ARF mimics renal failure in patients during use of radiocontrast media at the time of cardiac catheterization. Since each animal model has been created with specific methodology, therefore, it is essential to describe the model in detail and consequently interpret the results in the context of a specific model.
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PMID:Animal models of acute renal failure. 2258 May 18