Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the interim results of two trials to evaluate the place of mezlocillin in elective intestinal operations. Sixty-four operations for gastro-oesophageal disease have been performed where patients were randomly allocated to mezlocillin or cefuroxime. Wound sepsis occurred in 19% of the mezlocillin patients compared with 3% of those receiving cefuroxime. Seventy-three operations have been performed for colorectal cancer in whom three doses of antibiotic were used for prophylaxis. Patients were randomly allocated to mezlocillin and metronidazole or cefuroxime and metronidazole. The rates of abdominal wound sepsis in the groups were 15% and 12% respectively. Post-operative Clostridium difficile colitis occurred in four of the cefuroxime patients, compared with none of those receiving mezlocillin. Mezlocillin appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in combination with metronidazole in colorectal resections for cancer.
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PMID:Evaluation of mezlocillin in elective gastrointestinal surgery. 635 6

Single-dose pharmacokinetic studies were performed in 64 infants, ranging in age from less than 1 day to 6 days, after intravenous infusion or intramuscular injection of approximately 75 mg/kg of mezlocillin. Mean serum concentrations at one hour were 107 micrograms/ml and 82.5 micrograms/ml for neonates less than or equal to 1 day of age and greater than or equal to 6 days of age, respectively. The serum clearance ranged from 3.0 to 6.4 hours. Based on data from the study, it is recommended that mezlocillin be administered to neonates with gram-negative bacterial infections in a single dose of 75 mg/kg, either as an intravenous infusion over 30 minutes or as an intramuscular injection, every 12 hours during the first week of life. Mezlocillin alone or in conjunction with penicillin was used in treating 165 neonates with suspected sepsis. Gram-negative organisms were recovered from 18 of the 27 neonates from whom pathogens were isolated. Three of these 18 strains, a Klebsiella oxytoca, an Acinetobacter anitratum, and a Haemophilus influenzae, were resistant to mezlocillin in vitro. Twenty-four of the 27 patients who satisfied criteria for evaluation achieved a bacteriological and a clinical cure. Cerebrospinal fluid permeation after multiple doses ranged from 18% to 45% of serum levels. No significant local or systemic side effects were seen. The results indicate that mezlocillin is an effective ureidopenicillin for the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of mezlocillin in neonates. 647 69

Our investigation concerns 14 streptococcus D sepsis neonates, thirteen of which were collected over a six year period during which eighty-two neonate infections were recorded. This rate slightly higher than generally recorded and may be due to the initial prescription of third generation cephalosporin to the mothers. The clinical, hematological and biological data are not specifically those of group D streptococcus. The issue was unfavourable in 15% of our cases and in 8 to 33% of the recorded cases. The sensitivity to antibiotics varies depending on the species of group D streptococcus. The effectiveness of Amoxicillin, of Mezlocillin and of Ampicillin justifies the initial prescription in association with an aminoglycoside because of the possibility of synergy; cephalosporins are contraindicated as they are inactive on this germ.
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PMID:[Role of Streptococcus group D in infections in newborn infants]. 666 46

Single-dose pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin were studied in 53 newborn infants (72% less than or equal to 36 weeks' gestation) given ampicillin and an aminoglycoside for suspected or proved sepsis. Mezlocillin (75 mg/kg IV or IM) was substituted for ampicillin, serum was assayed microbiologically, and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Analysis of covariance showed that dose/area under the serum concentration-time curve for mezlocillin was influenced by body weight, intramuscular administration, and treatment with gentamicin. A dual intravenous/intramuscular nonlinear regression model yielded an apparent intramuscular bioavailability of 84%. Clearance was proportional to body weight (WT) (r2 = 0.70). Mean CL/WT (0.078 L/hr/kg) was one-half adult values and influenced by gestational age. Steady-state volume of distribution varied linearly with weight (r2 = 0.80), the mean value (0.38 L/kg) being twice that in adults. Mezlocillin half-life (mean 3.71 hours) exceeded adult values and did not correlate with weight. Twenty-four newborn infants received 75 mg/kg mezlocillin every 6 or every 8 hours, along with gentamicin, during the first 7 to 10 days of life. Peak (1.5 hours) and trough (6 or 8 hours) concentrations were determined; the latter decreased from day 3 to days 7 to 10, suggesting a possible postnatal age-dependent change in mezlocillin elimination. Although mezlocillin disposition is affected by age and therapeutic factors, weight alone may adequately predict dosing requirements.
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PMID:Developmental pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin in newborn infants. 671 26