Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Analysis of the synovial fluid is the major investigation of monoarthritis. Appearance, viscosity (low if inflamed), cell number and differential, presence of crystals or organisms are all relevant. If septic arthritis is suspected, culture of other sites such as blood, urine, sputum etc. is essential, and may alone yield the organism. If mycobacterium is possible, synovial membrane staining and culture is usually necessary. Gonococcal may be lost in culture if the specimen is not immediately processed. Partially treated sepsis may produce sterile culture, and early work suggests that P.C.R. may diagnose these cases. Other investigations such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein indicate inflammatory activity, though they are not specific. Antibodies such as antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factors lead towards an "autoimmune" disease diagnosis, that do not alone measure activity. Specific antibodies to virus e.g. parvovirus may be diagnostic. The monoarthritis must be seen in the total patient context, where often clues e.g., asymptomatic uveitis (in juvenile chronic arthritis) and psoriasis may give the diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:[Laboratory diagnosis of monarthritis: how much, what for, when?]. 850 31

Fourteen mares and their foals were attended at parturition. After mare-foal bonding, 8 colostrum-deprived (CD) foals were removed from their dams, deprived of colostrum, and provided with an alternative milk source for the first 24 h of life. The mares were milked out every 2-4 h during this period to remove colostrum, after which the CD foals were returned to their mares and allowed to nurse. Six colostrum-fed (CF) foals were allowed to suck colostrum in the normal manner. Foal serum IgG concentration was determined by single radial immunodiffusion (means, CD = 0 mg/dl; CF = 1,508 mg/dl). Accepted methods were used to minimise infections in the neonatal foals. Of the 8 CD foals, 7 demonstrated clinical signs of sepsis. Septicaemia was confirmed in 5 of the 7 septicaemic CD foals by ante-mortem blood culture or by culture of tissue at necropsy. Organisms isolated included: Actinobacillus equuli, Escherichia coli, undifferentiated coliforms, Pseudomonas spp., and Actinomyces pyogenes. Clinically ill foals were treated with antimicrobial drugs, intravenous fluid therapy, flunixin meglumine, and anti-endotoxin hyperimmune serum. Three septicaemic CD foals survived. Four of 7 septicaemic CD foals died or were destroyed. Post-mortem lesions included bacterial embolic pneumonia, glomerulonephritis/nephritis, lymphoid depletion/atrophy, splenic and lymphoid necrosis, hepatitis, septic arthritis, and systemic bacterial embolism. None of the CF foals became septicaemic. One CF foal had foal heat diarrhoea and 1 CF foal had a serum IgG concentration of 160 mg/dl (i.e. failure of passive transfer), but both foals were otherwise normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:A prospective study of septicaemia in colostrum-deprived foals. 822 85

Before 1983, septic arthritis was rare in patients with hemophilia. With the advent of human immunodeficiency virus infection in the hemophilia population, many centers noted an increasing incidence of patients with septic arthritis. Fifteen septic joints in 10 patients with severe hemophilia were documented. Eight patients were human immunodeficiency virus positive, 1 was human immunodeficiency virus negative, and 1 was not tested. The diagnosis was delayed in 5 patients because the symptoms are similar to an acute hemarthrosis. An elevated temperature was common. The white blood cell count was elevated in only 1/3 of the infections, being modified by human immunodeficiency virus infection. Associated risk factors included infected angioaccess catheters (2), pneumonia (2), and generalized sepsis (1). All but 1 joint responded to appropriate antibiotics and either repeated aspiration or arthrotomy. However, 6 patients died of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from 2 to 109 months after infection. Three patients are alive 29, 86, and 96 months, respectively, after infection.
 ...
PMID:Long term evaluation of septic arthritis in hemophilic patients. 865 78

We report a retrospective study of 94 infants, ages < 4 months, who underwent investigation for possible osteomyelitis during a 9-year period. Of the 30 babies with proven osteomyelitis (radiographic changes or positive bone cultures or positive blood cultures plus a compatible clinical picture), 17 were preterm artificially ventilated babies and 4 were full term infants receiving intensive care. An etiologic organism was isolated from 28: methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, 16; methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 7; Escherichia coli, 3; and group B Streptococcus, 2. MRSA occurred exclusively in the preterm group. Osteomyelitis was multifocal in 40% and associated with septic arthritis in 47%. The long bones were frequently affected (80%) whereas the flat bones were often sites of clinically silent disease. Twenty-five (83.3%) of the 30 babies with proven osteomyelitis had focal clinical signs or evidence of disseminated staphylococcal disease. Only 10 were febrile. Four of 27 babies investigated because of positive blood cultures for S. aureus but no focal signs had osteomyelitis, as did only 1 of 27 babies with suspected sepsis but no focal signs. The sensitivity of 99mTc bone scanning was 84%, specificity 89%, positive predictive value 79% and negative predictive value 92%. The addition of gallium scanning (in 39 of the 94 infants) improved the respective figures to 90, 97, 93 and 95% and was useful in interpreting equivocal bone scans.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and diagnostic features of osteomyelitis occurring in the first three months of life. 874 16

We report the case of a 66-year-old black woman who presented with concomitant acute infectious keratitis, bacteremia, and septic arthritis caused by Streptococcus pneumonia. The septic arthritis resolved rapidly with surgical drainage and intravenous antibiotics, but despite aggressive topical and intravenous antibiotic therapy for the infectious keratitis, the cornea perforated, the patient developed endophthalmitis, and the eye eventually was eviscerated. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of this nature. This patient had undergone splenectomy > 50 years prior to developing these infections. Although the risk of serious infection in clinically significant bacteremia is greatest in the perioperative period after splenectomy, these patients are at increased risk of such events for a lifetime. Because encapsulated bacteria, especially Pneumococcus, pose the greatest risk of sepsis and infection in asplenic patients, pneumococcal vaccination of penicillin prophylaxis must always be considered in these patients. A careful and complete medical history and systemic evaluation remain a crucial element of the evaluation and management of serious infectious keratitis.
 ...
PMID:Pneumococcal keratitis, bacteremia, and septic arthritis in an asplenic patient. 877 71

Lemierre's syndrome, a systemic anaerobic infection caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum, is characterized by an acute oropharyngeal infection, septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, sepsis, and multiple metastatic infections. It commonly leads to septic arthritis and occasionally to osteomyelitis. In the preantibiotic era, this infection was nearly universally fatal. Today it still poses a potentially grave threat to the young patients affected. Prompt recognition with appropriate debridement and antibiotic treatment results in complete recovery in most cases. We report a case of anaerobic septic arthritis and multifocal acute hematogenous osteomyelitis as part of a classic presentation of Lemierre's syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Fusobacterium osteomyelitis and pyarthrosis: a classic case of Lemierre's syndrome. 878 13

Septic arthritis of the hip in the newborn baby can result in severe long-term sequelae in the form of dislocation of the hip, loss of movement, and growth disturbance with leg-length discrepancy. For more severe discrepancies often with concomitant hip dislocation, no good solutions are readily available. This series comprised four patients with Choi's type IVB septic hip sequelae. They all had associated multiple-joint sepsis and resultant major leg-length discrepancies ranging from 6.9 to 14 cm. All underwent distraction lengthening with simultaneous correction of angulation and other deformities of the femur, three with the Ilizarov and one with the Orthofix system. The age at operation ranged from 9 to 13 years, with an average follow-up of 3 years. The overall lengthening achieved ranged from 4.5, 6.8, 12, to 13 cm, with the lengthening index from 24 to 51 days/cm. All hips remained stable, and the loss of range of hip and knee motion was not significant. Other complications included one deep pin-tract infection and one fracture of the callus.
 ...
PMID:Femoral lengthening after type IVB septic arthritis of the hip in children. 878 14

Septic arthritis is usually seen in children as an acute febrile illness induced by septicemia, local inoculation of a joint caused by trauma or adjacent osteomyelitis. It also occurs in adults particulary those with debilitating disease or sepsis at other sites. It normally happens in knee joints, but rarely in hip joints. A 65-year-old patient suffered from hip pain and febrile episodes intermittently for two months. Diagnostic hip aspiration was performed with 60 ml pus drained. The aspirate grew Staphylococcus aureus. Hip arthrotomy was performed with extensive debridement. Eighteen months later, this patient received total hip replacement and he has remained well for 8 years, with no evidence of infection or of implants loosening.
 ...
PMID:Septic arthritis of adult hip treated by total hip replacement--a case report. 910 8

Treatment of septic arthritis is an emergency; therefore antibiotherapy must be started rapidly following the bacteriological sampling. The risk for the articles justifies that treatment be started with two antibiotics given intravenously, the choice of the antibiotics being dependent upon the clinical history. If the bacteria is isolated, an adopted monotherapy is then maintained. A drainage of the joint can be performed by needle aspiration or by a percutaneous catheter, and in case of difficulty to control the sepsis, by surgical debridment. Intravenous antibiotherapy is maintained for 7 to 15 days. Whenever a good response is observed the treatment is continued orally for a total duration of 4 to 6 weeks.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of infectious osteoarthritis in children]. 923 Sep 96

We have treated four cases of previously quiescent osteomyelitis which presented as septic arthritis in an adjacent joint. The osteomyelitic focus was in the bone proximal to the involved joints (zero to ten centimeters above the joint line). Based on the presenting history, physical findings, laboratory tests and cultures of joint fluids, the joint sepsis was low grade in all patients which led to delays in diagnosis and treatment. Aggressive surgical debridement of both bone and joint, followed by a prolonged course of antibiotics led to resolution in all patients. A high index of suspicion combined with adequate radiographs of the surrounding bones should lead to the appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
 ...
PMID:Septic arthritis caused by chronic osteomyelitis. 923 79


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>