Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A combination drug of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) was intravenously administrated to 18 patients with ages 3 months to 10 years 10 months with various acute infections including 14 cases of pneumonia, 1 case each of tonsillitis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, empyema and suspected sepsis. Clinical responses were excellent in 14 cases and good in 4 cases. Bacteriological responses of 8 isolated strains were: 7 strains were eradicated and 1 strain was decreased. No side effect was observed in any case. Eosinophilia was observed in 2 cases, thrombocytosis in 2 cases, elevation of GOT in 1 case and elevations of GOT and GPT in 1 case. From the above results, it seemed that SBT/ABPC was a useful drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in the pediatric field.
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PMID:[Clinical study on sulbactam/ampicillin in the pediatric field]. 274 52

Eosinophilia is a common finding in premature babies during the neonatal period (75%). It has a variable correlation with several factors that may influence it: gestational age, birth weight, time required to regain birthweight, neonatal stress, caesarean birth, formula feeding, endotracheal intubation, positive pressure ventilation, parenteral nutrition, umbilical catheterization, blood transfusions, antibiotics, phototherapy, sex, neutropenia and sepsis. The possible mechanisms are discussed: resolution of a stress, anabolic state, reaction to antigens, normal granulopoietic maturation, transplacental transfer of a factor stimulating the eosinophil synthesis.
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PMID:[Hypereosinophilia in premature newborn infants]. 306 20

Six patients with diffuse fasciitis are described. Their ages range from 12 to 45 years. Five had a typical clinical illness which responded well to corticosteroid therapy but one patient relapsed a year after discontinuation of corticosteroids. One patient had severe skin ulceration resistant to corticosteroids, cytotoxics and plasma exchange and was further complicated by the development of life threatening local and generalised sepsis. Eosinophilia of the blood was not present in any of the cases and not unduly prominent in biopsies of the affected tissue, but characteristic fascial thickening and infiltration by chronic inflammatory cells was diagnostic when a full-thickness biopsy was examined. The natural history and optimal treatment of this condition remain unclear.
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PMID:Diffuse (eosinophilic) fasciitis. A series of six cases. 648 15

The safety of ceftriaxone has been evaluated in 80 neonates who were treated empirically for suspected infection with either ceftriaxone and ampicillin (group A, age 0-72 h) or ceftriaxone and vancomycin (group B, age greater than 72 h). Within 48 h after birth 2 group A patients died from sepsis (Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1 case each); 1 group B patient died from sepsis (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). All bacterial isolates from group A patients were susceptible to ceftriaxone, but in 4 of the 8 group B patients with positive cultures a change in antibiotic therapy was required. Eosinophilia, thrombocytosis and an increase in serum alkaline phosphatases were observed in a limited number of patients during and after discontinuation of treatment. Direct hyperbilirubinemia ( > 2 mg/dl) occurred in 2 cases during treatment. Gallbladder sludge was sonographically diagnosed in 6 patients, but disappeared within 2 weeks after detection. One neonate had exanthema. Nurses rated ease of administration as very good. Ceftriaxone appears to be an interesting alternative in the empiric antibiotic treatment in the early neonatal period.
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PMID:Clinical experience with ceftriaxone treatment in the neonate. 755 13

Severe skin adverse drug reactions can result in death. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) has the highest mortality (30-35%); Stevens-Johnson syndrome and transitional forms correspond to the same syndrome, but with less extensive skin detachment and a lower mortality (5-15%). Hypersensitivity syndrome, sometimes called Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), has a mortality rate evaluated at about 10%. Drug reactions are self-limited diseases and therefore, generally treatment is symptomatic. Prompt diagnosis, identification of, and early withdrawal of all suspect drugs are the most important preliminaries. The management of the patients must be undertaken in specialized intensive care units, with the same main types of therapy as for burns: warming of the environment, correction of electrolyte disturbances, administration of a high caloric enteral intake, and prevention of sepsis. Efficacy of drugs used in some case reports is difficult to evaluate: intravenous immunoglobulins, cyclosporin, cyclophosphamide, pentoxyfilline, and thalidomide have all been tried. Corticosteroid use is debated and is probably deleterious in late forms of TEN. For DRESS, corticoids are used in cases of life-threatening systemic impairment. Specific nursing care and adequate topical management reduce associated morbidity and allow a more rapid re-epithelialization of skin lesions. After healing, follow-up is needed for ophthalmologic and mucous membrane sequelae. Sunblocks are recommended. Testing for glycemia must be done. Avoidance of the responsible drug and chemically related compounds is essential for the patient and first-degree relatives.
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PMID:Treatment of severe drug reactions: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis and hypersensitivity syndrome. 1216 15

Eosinophilia is common in the neonatal period. However, its causes, pathomechanism and clinical significance are still unknown. Previous reports have described that eosinophilia may be associated with numerous conditions (establishment of an anabolic state, drug reactions, response to foreign antigens, chronic lung disease, erythropoietin treatment and infections). The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association of various conditions, especially infection, with eosinophilia and to clarify whether recognition of increase in eosinophil count is of any clinical significance in the management of a sick neonate. Fifty-six neonates with eosinophilia (absolute eosinophil count > 700/mm3) and 55 control neonates matched for gestational age, birth weight and hospitalization days were included in the study. A significant difference between the two groups was found only in blood transfusions, immuno-globulin treatment, specific antibiotic treatment and infectious disease. However, neonates who develop sepsis and are treated with antibiotics and immuno-globulin are more often transfused. It can thus be concluded that the main relationship observed is between eosinophilia and infection whereas the other associations are secondary. The relative risk factor for infection when the absolute eosinophil count is > 700/mm3, is 1.58, with a confidence interval 1.30-1.91. Eosinophilia seems to be a reliable indicator of sepsis while normal absolute eosinophil count does not exclude infection. Infection should be strongly considered in the evaluation of a sick neonate with eosinophilia.
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PMID:Eosinophilia in sick neonates. 1224 53

A 23-year-old man with no recent medical history was hospitalized complaining of high fever and cough. In addition to very marked eosinophilia, chest X-ray revealed extensive bronchovascular bundle thickening. Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) showed moderate eosinophil infiltration. Cryptococcus neoformans infection was diagnosed, based on blood culture, cerebrospinal fluid culture, urine culture, and lung biopsy specimens. The eosinophilia was successfully alleviated by treatment for cryptococcal meningitis. Furthermore, cryptococcal sepsis resolved with amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine treatment. Eosinophilia commonly occurs following chronic Aspergillus infection, but the present case suggests the involvement of Cryptococcus in another mechanism for eosinophilia.
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PMID:Disseminated cryptococcal infection with eosinophilia in a healthy person. 1870 38

We present a patient who developed carbamazepine (CBZ)-induced Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome associated with high serum procalcitonin (PCT). The presentation (high fever, hepatosplenomegaly, leukocytosis), high PCT and CRP initially suggested sepsis, and he was treated with antibiotics, while CBZ was continued. The rash and hepatitis worsened. After withdrawal of CBZ, corticosteroid therapy was administered and the patient recovered with normalization of PCT. This case demonstrates that PCT may be increased in patients with DRESS. This is the first report of CBZ-induced DRESS associated with high PCT, and the second case of increased PCT in DRESS.
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PMID:High procalcitonin in a patient with drug hypersensitivity syndrome. 1968 1

Osteoarticular infection in children frequently occurs before 10 years of age. Surgical drainage is sometimes required, whereas acute osteomyelitis can be treated with antibiotic therapy alone. The duration of antibiotic therapy varies, 2 weeks is sufficient for septic arthritis, whereas 6 weeks is often required for complicated cases. Some of these antibiotic drugs present direct complications with low clinical impact in certain individuals. Hypersensitivity to these drugs causes different reactions in children. DRESS syndrome (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) is a severe and potentially life-threatening drug reaction. It is characterised by high fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy and skin rash. From a clinical perspective, these symptoms can lead to an exacerbation of the initial infectious process for which treatment was commenced. The liver is the organ most often affected in DRESS syndrome associated with haematological changes, potentially similar to sepsis. We present two cases of children with osteoarticular infections who developed DRESS syndrome after antibiotic therapy. Both patients made a complete recovery after cessation of the antibiotic drugs used.
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PMID:DRESS syndrome due to antibiotic therapy of osteoarticular infections in children: two case reports. 2505 39

We present a 31-year-old woman with a depressive disorder admitted in the Infectious Diseases Department with high fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, generalized rash and progressive jaundice. Sepsis with hepatic involvement was initially suspected, but the bacteriological and serological profiles for viral and bacterial pathogens remained negative. The exposure to antidepressant medication including lamotrigine, an aromatic anticonvulsant molecule, raised the suspicion of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome. The antidepressants were withdrawn and methylprednisolone therapy was started with a favorable outcome and lent recovery after two months. This case highlights a rare drug allergic complication to antidepressant medication evolving as a sepsis with hepatic dysfunction.
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PMID:DRESS syndrome with hepatic involvement in a patient with depressive disorder. 2550 60


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