Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0243026 (sepsis)
 52,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We tested the hypothesis that circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), adhering to endothelium of the liver vascular bed are involved in the alterations of the liver oxygen delivery (DO2) and consumption (VO2) that is a result of fecal peritonitis in pigs. Twenty-two pigs were divided into three groups. Animals in group I (n = 7) served as controls. Fecal peritonitis was induced in groups II (n = 7) and III (n = 8). Animals in group III were pretreated with IB4, a monoclonal anti-CD18 antibody inhibiting adherence of PMNs to the endothelium. Peritonitis increased liver VO2 in groups II and III in spite of decreased liver DO2. In group I, circulating PMNs increased during the experimental period. Sepsis caused a decrease in the number of circulating PMNs in group II, an effect that was fully counteracted in group III, where the number of PMNs rose to control level. Myeloperoxidase activity and morphometric determination of PMN infiltration in liver biopsies virtually paralleled the circulating PMN count. Although fecal peritonitis is followed by a CD18-dependent leukopenia that can be counteracted by pretreatment with an anti-CD18 antibodies, this treatment does not affect the alteration in liver VO2 and DO2 observed.
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PMID:Inhibition of CD18-dependent adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes does not affect liver oxygen consumption in fecal peritonitis in pigs. 790 54

Encephalopathy is a common complication of sepsis. However, little is known about the morphological changes that occur in the brain during sepsis. Faecal peritonitis was induced in pigs that were killed 8 h later and frontal cortex samples were taken immediately after death. The tissue was investigated using light and electron microscopy and compared with frontal cortex samples taken from sham-operated controls. Septic pigs had 49.5% more perimicrovessel oedema than sham pigs. However, the tight junctions between cerebral microvessel endothelial cells appeared morphologically intact in both septic and sham pigs. Sepsis also resulted in neuronal injury, disruption of astrocytic end-feet and swollen, rounded erythrocytes. These morphological changes may be sufficient to underlie the clinical features seen in septic encephalopathy.
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PMID:Faecal peritonitis causes oedema and neuronal injury in pig cerebral cortex. 1020 77

This study examines a concurrent profiling of circulating and extravasated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in a rat model of experimental sepsis. Fecal peritonitis was induced in Wistar male rats by intraperitoneal instillation of a fecal suspension in saline (1:1 w/v). Blood and peritoneal fluid were collected 8 h following fecal inoculation for the evaluation of inflammatory response of PMNs using zymosan-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Fifty microliters of pre-diluted blood or peritoneal fluid samples were mixed with 150 microl of reaction mixture (4 x 10(-4) M luminol+50 microg opsonized zymosan+0.1% gelatin in Hank's balanced salt solution) and the chemiluminescence signal was measured in a luminometer at 37 degrees C. Fecal peritonitis caused a significant leukocytopenia (3540+/-297 mm(-3) versus control value of 7525+/-711 mm(-3), p < 0.001) accompanied by massive infiltration of PMNs in the peritoneal cavity (34700+/-4006 versus 7325+/-425 mm(-3), p < 0.001). The phagocytic activity of circulating blood PMNs was down-regulated whereas a significant up-regulation was observed in the activity of PMNs from peritoneal fluid. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrates sepsis-induced alterations in both blood and peritoneal fluid PMNs and their quantitative assessment may be helpful in disease evaluation and designing effective therapies.
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PMID:Zymosan-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence response of circulating and extravasated leukocytes in experimental sepsis. 1520 54

Recently, fluconazole (FLZ) has been shown to improve survival and reduce multiorgan failure in experimental and clinical septic shock. The mechanism by which FLZ affords protection against sepsis remains obscure. This study examines the effect of FLZ on phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in a rat model of septic shock by inducing fecal peritonitis in male Wistar rats using intraperitoneal instillation (1 mL/kg) of fecal suspension in saline (1:1 w/v). Sham control rats received sterile fecal suspension and vehicle treatment. FLZ was administered in the doses of 0, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg by gavage 30 minutes before fecal instillation. The samples of peritoneal fluid were collected 8 hours following fecal inoculation for the evaluation of phagocytic response of PMNs using zymosan-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL). Fecal peritonitis caused massive infiltration of PMNs in the peritoneal cavity (ANOVA F(4,45) = 6.322, P < .001). Although FLZ reduced the infiltration of PMNs, this effect was neither significant nor dose dependent. The actual CL response was significantly higher in the peritoneal fluid of rats subjected to peritonitis, which was significantly and dose dependently attenuated by FLZ treatment (ANOVA F(4,45) = 11.048, P < .001). Normalization of CL response for 1000 PMNs revealed that FLZ dose-dependently albeit insignificantly reduced the activity of PMNs. The high dose of FLZ caused 2.29-fold decrement in the area under curve (AUC) pertaining to cumulative CL response. The findings of this study suggest that FLZ protects rats against septic shock by inhibiting PMN-mediated inflammatory cascade without compromising their phagocytic activity.
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PMID:Effect of fluconazole on phagocytic response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a rat model of acute sepsis. 1577 61

We compared the effects of hypertonic saline 7.2%/6% hydroxyethyl starch (HSS-HES) and isotonic saline 0.9%/6% hydroxyethyl starch (ISS-HES) on ileal microcirculatory blood flow (MBF) at the initial phase of septic shock. Pigs were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Catheters were inserted into right atrium, pulmonary artery, carotid artery, and portal vein for hemodynamic measurements and for blood sampling. Ileal mucosal and muscularis MBF was continuously measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Septic shock was obtained 240 min after induction of fecal peritonitis; then animals were randomized to receive 10 mL.kg(-1) during 10 min of either HSS-HES or ISS-HES. Systemic and microcirculatory blood flow as well as systemic metabolism were assessed. Fecal peritonitis promoted a hypodynamic septic shock, with significant reduction of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac index (CI). Ileal mucosal MBF (-34%) and ileal muscularis MBF (-54%) significantly diminished from baseline. Contrary to ISS-HES group, mucosal MBF significantly augmented after HSS-HES (+192% at min 150 post-shock) despite low blood pressure. There was weak correlation with CI (r(2)= 0.2, P=0.01) . Muscularis MBF didn't change. HSS-HES-treated animals had a significantly higher osmolarity and sodium concentration than ISS-HES group. Other variables did not change. Small-volume resuscitation with HSS-HES, but not ISS-HES, improved ileal microcirculatory impairment in experimental peritonitis model of septic shock even when MAP was low. This beneficial microcirculatory effect could be valuable in the management of early severe sepsis.
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PMID:Small-volume hypertonic saline/pentastarch improves ileal mucosal microcirculation in experimental peritonitis. 2447 Sep 29